I-Caspian Flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashiya: Ukubunjwa nokuHlukana

Umbutho osebenzayo I-Caspian flotilla yaseNtshonalanga YaseRussia isekelwe eAstrakhan, kwaye ibandakanya iinqanawa zomhlaba, iinqwelo zokukhangela kunye nokuhlangula, ukuhamba kweemoto, iinxalenye zemikhosi yamanxweme, kunye neenkxaso ezizodwa, ezobugcisa kunye nenkxaso. Imisebenzi yalo eyona nto ilandelayo: ukuqinisekisa iminqweno kazwelonke neye-RF kule ndawo, ukulwa nobugandlo.

Imbali

I-Red Banner Caspian Flotilla ye-Navy YaseRussia ibingumbutho omdala kakhulu osebenzayo we-navy yelizwe lethu, eyakhiwe ngo-Novemba 1722 nguMlawuli uPeter Omkhulu. Ngelo xesha, isango lomkhosi lakhiwa e-Astrakhan ukukhusela ulwandle olusenyakatho nentshonalanga yeLwandle lweCaspian. I-Caspian flotilla yoMbutho wamaRashiya waseRussia uthathe inxaxheba kuzo zonke iiprojekthi ezenziwa lizwe kulo mmandla: Umkhankaso wasePersi we- 1722, owenziwe ngumlawuli, wawuhamba neenqanawa ezili-80 ezinkulu. Ukususela ngo-1867 isiseko esisisiseko siye sathuthela eBaku. Ngaloo ndlela, iindawo zokuloba kunye nezorhwebo zakhuselwa, iimveliso zaseRashiya zase-Iran zimelelwe yi-flotilla. Imirhudo yayinkulu: i-flopila yaseCaspian yoMkhosi wamaRashiya yaphumelela ekunene kwi-ribbon yaseSt. George, eyayigqitywe ngabanqwelisi.

Ngowe-1918, i-flotilla yaba yiFleet Fleet yeSithili saseAstrakhan, saza sahlelwa kwakhona ngo-1931. Kwi-Great Patriotic Caspian Flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashi waseRussia walwa kufuphi neMariupol, Kerch, Sevastopol kunye nezinye iindawo ezihamba phambili, abahamba ngomkhombe bahamba nempahla yezempi kunye neoli kwiCaspian. Ngenxa yeenkonzo ezinkulu ekulweni nabahlaseli be-fascist, amakhulu emanqanawa kunye namagosa anikezelwa ngamagosa kunye nemiyalelo, phakathi kwazo iHighes ezi-8 zeSoviet Union. I-Caspian Flotilla ngokwayo yanikezelwa i-Order ye-Red Banner ibe yi-Red Banner.

Isiseko nokubunjwa

Xa i-USSR yayeka ukuba khona, kunye neeriphablikhi zaguqulwa zibe ngamazwe alawulayo, ngo-1992 amandla, iindlela kunye neenqanawa ze-flotilla zahlukana. Iipesenti ezingamashumi asixhenxe zeemali zonke zafudlulela e-Astrakhan, apho ikomkhulu eliphambili likhona khona, kwaye ngaphandle koko, eKaspiysk naseMakhachkala, ama-30 ekhulwini asele aye e-Azerbaijan - izindlu, izixhobo zonxweme kunye neenqanawa. Ngo-2010, i-Caspian Flotilla isele iyingxenye yeSithili seMpi yeSithili. Iphantse iqela eliyinhloko, kuba liqulethe iindawo zeMarine Corps, imikhosi yamatye enxweme kunye nokunye okuninzi, ngokubhekisele kwisakhiwo esinqununu-amaqela amaninzi kunye neenqanawa.

Namhlanje, i-Caspian Flotilla ineenqwelo ezimashumi mane kunye neenqwelo ezihlukeneyo, iinqanawa ezimbini zokujikeleza - iDagestan kunye neTatarstan, iinqanawa ezintathu ezincinci - i-Uglich, i-Grad Sviyazhsk kunye neVeliky Ustyug, iinqanawa ezine ezincinane zokukhwela iinqanawa - iMakhachkala, "I-Volgodonsk" kunye ne "Astrakhan". Kwaye kukho i-rocket kunye neenqwelo zokulwa, izibini ezimbini ezisemgangathweni kunye neentlanu ezintlanu, iinqanawa ezithandathu ezinobungakanani kunye nokunye okuninzi. I-Caspian Flotilla, ngokwe-Ministry of Defense yaseRashiya, kuphela ngowama-2015 inxaxheba kwimisebenzi engaphezu kwama-40 ejoliswe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nokulwa nobugandlo. I-flagship yinqanawa yokujikeleza i-missile "iTatarstan" phantsi komyalelo we-Admiral i-Backor Igor Osipov. Iinqanawa kunye neenqanawa, iiyunithi kunye neenjongo ezikhethekileyo zizuko kunye nodumo, apho iCaspian Flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashiya ikhusela iphinde iphindise. Ukubunjwa kwalo kuhlukeneyo kwaye kupheleleyo ngokukwenzekayo: oku kubandakanya isitya se-hydrographic of Service Navy.

Sebenzisa

Icandelo elingentla lamanzi leNavy likhusela ukunxibelelana kolwandle, ukuthutha kunye nokugubungela ukuhlaselwa komhlaba, ukusekwa kwemigodi kunye nokulwa neengozi yam, kuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhosi yamanzi, kunye nokubuyela kwabo kwisiseko. Iinqanawa zeeNqwelomoya zibuye zenze iinqanaba ezingalindelekanga ngokubhekiselele kwiinjongo zelizwekazi kunye neenqwelo zamanzi, kunye nokubonga. Iimbambano I-Caspian flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashi waseRashiya unamaxesha amaninzi namhlanje: iibhola kunye neenqwelo. Uhambo lokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya lenzelwe ukujongana neqela leenqanawa zomhlaba, ngenxa yokuqhuma nokuqhuma ibhomu ngokumelene nezinto eziselunxwemeni, ukuhlaziya ukuhlaselwa kweemfazwe zokulwa nemikhumbi kunye neenqwelo zeentshaba, ukubonisa injongo yeenqanawa xa zibona iinqanawa zamanzi.

Ngaloo ndlela, yonke indawo yaseLwandle lwaseCaspian iyazivikelwa: iinqwelo zasentlanzi, amachweba, amaphulo asezantsi kunye nezinto eziselunxwemeni, kwakunye nemisebenzi yokulwa nayo yonke into eyenziwa yimikhosi yokuhlasela. I-Caspian flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashi waseRussia, obunokubakho ukubonisa ukukhuselwa komgangatho wemida yethu, kungekhona nje ukulinda kodwa ukukhusela yonke imikhosi yemikhosi yehlabathi lonke, iyanciphisa iisongelo zabantu abafuna ukungazifunanga kwilizwe lethu, ukukhusela ubukhosi bayo ngaphandle kwemimandla yomhlaba - ngaphakathi nangaphakathi Amanzi, kunye nokuhamba ngokukhululeka kweenqanawa ezilwandle nolwandle.

Ngenxa yoxolo

Imiqathango eqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yaselwandle yaseRashiya idalwe kwaye igcinwe, yingakho i-navy yaseRashiya ikhona nakumaziko omhlaba. Iflegi, iinqanawa kunye neempahla zoMlambo weNavy ziboniswa ukutyelela kwiindawo ezikude zeplanethi, ukulandela imfuno yeRussian Federation, kunye nokugcina ukugcinwa kokuthula okukhulu kunye nomsebenzi wobomi belizwe lempi yehlabathi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kweMbutho weMpi.

Ngaloo nyaka, ngo-2015, nangona i-flotilla yeCaspian Navy isekelwe kwinqanaba elingaphandle kweLwandle lweCaspian, ukuqhuma kwe-UKCC kwimizuzu engamashumi amabini anesithandathu eqhutywe ngamabhokri e-Syria, ephumelele ekujoliseni iinjongo ezilishumi elinanye. Uluhlu lwesigidi nesigamu sekhilomitha lufikeleleke kwiinqanawa ze-flotilla: Uglich, Veliky Ustyug, uGrey Sviyazhsk kunye noDagestan bajamelana nomsebenzi ngokugqibeleleyo.

Izixhobo

Zonke iinqanawa ezilondoloza imida yethu kwiCaspian ziphuhliswa kwaye ziveliswa kwiinqanawa zelizwe: iZelenodolsk kunye ne-Primorsk izityalo, izityalo zokwakha izakhiwo e-Azov, Astrakhan, i-Feodosia, i-Petrozavodsk, kunye neVolga, iZaliv kunye ne-61 Communards, kodwa Iqhayiya elikhethekileyo - izikebhe ezinqamlekileyo kunye nabavukuzi abasuka kwiiNxweme ze-Neva, ezafunyanwa yiCaspian Flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashiya waseRussia. Idilesi: USt. Petersburg, uMzantsi Nevsky Shipyard. Izikebhe ezinobisi zixhotyiswe ngeempawu zokuhamba ngeenyawo "U-Caliber", eveliswa eYekaterinburg. Ngesiseko esifanayo, izakhiwo eziphantsi kwamanzi, phezulu, umoya kunye nomhlaba, kunye nokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe kuye kwaphuhliswa. Zizo zixhobo ezenziwa nguRashiya, iNdiya kunye neChina.

Idatha kwimeko yokuthumela ngaphandle ivakaliswe ngokusemthethweni, ngoko sinokuthi ngoluhlu oluphezulu lwelo mkhosi. Ihamba ukusuka kumakhulu amabini anamanci asixhenxe ukuya emathathu makhilomitha. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2012, u-Sergei Akleminsky, i-Vice Admiral, owathi wayala umthetho weCaspian Flotilla, wadibana noMongameli weDagestan, apho amanye amanani ayezwakala. U-S. Akleminsky uthe ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngenguqu yakhe yezobugcisa i-missile ye-ZM14 ("Caliber") esichukumisa ngokukhawuleza ithintela iithagethi ezikude kwiiwaka eziliwaka. Amashumi amabini anesithandathu anemigodi echanekileyo ekujoliswe kuyo eSiriya kwaye emva koko enye impumelelo yeshumi elinesibhozo iphumelele ngokufanayo ithi i-Vice Admiral ayikhohlisi mntu. Iinqanawa kunye neenqanawa, ukusuka apho kuhlaselwa khona, i-flopila yaseCaspian yoMkhosi wamaRashiya, idilesi yayo ayitshintshi, akazange ashiye iCaspian.

Indlela iCaspian eyahlula ngayo

Amanxweme oLwandle lwaseCaspian ahlulwe ngamazwe amahlanu: iRashiya, iTurkmenistan, Kazakhstan, iAzerbaijan ne-Iran. Ngaphambili, ngexesha le-USSR, amazwe abiza i-echibi elikhulu kunazo zonke ehlabathini zimbini kuphela - i-Soviet Union ne-Iran. Utshintsho kwimephu yezopolitiko luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu imeko. Lo mmandla ubaluleke kakhulu kulowo mazwe angentla apha, yizinto eziphilayo kunye nezibonelelo zamandla, kukho iindawo ezinkulu zokugcina igesi kunye neoli, kunye neepesenti ezingamashumi asithoba ze-sturgeon yehlabathi. Okwangoku, uLwandle lwaseCaspian phakathi kwamazwe angaphandle aluhlulelwanga, ngaphandle kweendawo zoqoqosho kunye namanxweme. Le meko ayinelisekanga nayiphi na icala. Wonke umntu ufuna ukufumana indawo eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka nayiphi na indlela. Iminqweno yethu kwiLwandle lwaseCaspian ikhuselwe yiCaspian Flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashiya. Ifoto ibonisa ukuba olu khuselo lunamandla ngokwaneleyo.

IRussia Federation sele ifuna ukuba i-Caspian Sea ibe yinto efana nekhondomu, indawo eqhelekileyo yazo zonke iindawo ezintlanu, xa izenzo zonke zilungelelaniswa nabanye. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuphumeza ukuqonda, kwaye iMoscow yatshintsha isikhundla sayo, iphakamisa ukwahlula ulwandle ngasemigqeni yamanzi eqhubekayo emngceleni womhlaba, kwaye ubukhulu belo lwaluya kufana. I-Azerbaijan neKazakhstan bavumelana nalo candelo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Azerbaijan ifuna ukuthatha i-bottom bottom, kodwa kunye nommandla wamanzi ngendawo yomoya yecandelo layo. I-Iran ifana nokwabelana ngokulinganayo - ngalinye ilizwe libe ngamashumi amabini ekhulwini. I-Turkmenistan igxininisa kwimimitha engamashumi amane anesixhenxe kwimida yezoqoqosho. Ngelinye igama, akukho mvumelwano. Oku kubangelwa ukuba amazwe amaningana afaka izicelo zokufumana iifomethi ezandula zifumene. Ngaphezu koko, kunzima ukukhawulela umda kwilibi, apho izinga lamanzi liguqukile kwaye iibhanki zitshintsha ukucacisa kwazo zonke ixesha.

Izizathu zokubandezeleka

Zonke iindawo zommandla weCaspian zandisa iimbambano zazo kwaye zandisa amandla okulwa neempahla zazo. Inani leenqanawa zokutshatyalaliswa kweenqanawa liyakhula, kubonakala ukuba kubonakala i-submarines. Ukuphuhlisa zombini iiyunithi eziphambanisayo kunye nezichasayo, kwakunye neyeempahla ezingaselunxwemeni, olwandle kunye neenqwelo-moya. Iingcali zidibanisa ngolu hlobo kwiziko lokuhlalutya kwizorhwebo zehlabathi. Izixhobo kunye ne-Caspian flotilla ye-Navy YaseRashiya iya kwanda: iinqanawa, i-aircraft, ukuxhumana, i-armament - konke oku kufumana ukuzaliswa kunye nezongezo. Kuthekani kuthi xa ummelwane uphendula umbuzo othi "kutheni?" I-Russia ifumana into engaqondakaliyo, kwaye ubuninzi kunye nomgangatho wemikhosi yamanxweme kule ndawo zikhula ngokuqhubekayo.

Iisongelo ezisuka kwiCaspian Sea zikhulu kakhulu, njengoko amazwe aseCaspian acinga. Oku kukhwabanisa, ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi, ukuzingela kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ugqirha. Ngokuqinisekileyo, zonke iinkcazo zezi nkcazo ziyizona zinto zitshintshiselwano, ngakumbi ukususela ekubeni abagxeki banamhlanje, abazingeli kunye nabangqina beekhukhuni ngoku sele bexhotyiswe ngezixhobo zenzululwazi nezobugcisa zakutshanje. Kodwa iimeko zokuphosa iimpazamo kunye neendlela zokuhamba ngeempahla zenyukliya zingasetyenziselwa njani ukutshatyalaliswa? Ewe, izixhobo ezinjalo zijoliswe kumdlali ochasayo. Oku kunokuthetha nje into enye: ukuphikisana kwezopolitiko, okwenza ukuba kubekho umda ophezulu kummandla wonke, akusayi kulungiswa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukwanda kwamandla

Ehlotyeni ka-2016, inani lokuhamba liye landa kakhulu, apho iinqanawa ze-Black Sea Fleet kunye neCaspian Flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashiya zathatha inxaxheba. I-Astrakhan, eyona nto isiseko solu hlobo, ithathe inxaxheba ekuphuhlisweni kwezicwangciso zoqeqesho kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi yokuqeqesha ngokudibeneyo. Ukubunjwa kwamacandelo e-tactical kwakuhluke, iinqwelo zokulwa kunye ne-rocket umlilo zachithwa ngokubandakanyeka kwiinqanawa ezingamashumi amabini kunye neenqwelo zokuxhasa.

Ukhuphiswano lwemidlalo yomkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe "i-Sea derby", "ukujula" kunye ne "Sea Cup". Kudlule ngaphezu kwamawaka angama-197 lama- nautical miles, engama-336,000 ekhilomitha. Ixesha elichithwa elwandle ngabaqeqeshi lalingama-2,300 iintsuku, oko kukuthi, amanani omnyaka odlulileyo aphantse athile.

Ukuzivocavoca-2016

Iseshoni enye yoqeqesho lweJuni kuphela kwiCaspian yahlala iiveki ezimbini. Amaxhoba eenqwelo zemfazwe kunye nemikhumbi yokuxhasa eyabelwe kubo abuyele kwihambo lokuhamba ngeenqanawa kunye neendawo ezisemzantsi zeCaspian Sea. I-Caspian Flotilla yoMkhosi wamaRashiya yazalisekisa imisebenzi yawo yabelwe iintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu. I-Makhachkala ne-Astrakhan bathatha iinqwelo zabo zokuhamba eziye zadlula malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-3 600 ukusuka kolwandle) kwaye zenziwa ngaphaya kwama-50 ahlukeneyo kwindlela ekuqhutyelwa kuyo.

Ukuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kokubambisana, ukusebenzisana kobutyebi beenqanawa, kwenziwa ukuhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqhutyelwa kwezixhobo zokulwa, ukuqeqeshwa kwam, ukukhusela nokukhusela iinjongo zomoya kunye neenqwelo zomoya, izikhokelo zendlela yokuhamba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okujoliswe kuyo. Ukufudumala kwizinto zokuhamba kunye neentsimbi, ukuzaliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngoncedo lweenqanawa zokubonelela. Kwaye lo luhambo olulodwa kuphela. Kwaye kuqhutywe ukusetyenziswa kwithuba lehlobo lehlobo.

Iindaba ezilungileyo

Isikhephe sokukhupha sasiqhutyelwa kwiCaspian Flotilla ngoJulayi 2016. I-SB-738 idlulise ngokupheleleyo iimvavanyo zombuso: izityalo zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo, izixhobo zokuhamba kunye nezinye iinkqubo zibonise ngokwazo kwicala elifanelekileyo. Isethi yonke yokulungiswa kunye nokulawulwa kwento yokuxakeka kwimeko yokuxakeka kunye nokuhlangula kwagqitywa ngempumelelo, ukukhangela, ukuphonononga kunye nokuqhutyelwa kwemibhobho ebudeni obuhlukeneyo, ukulungiswa kwezilwandle, ukusingatha, ukukhawuleza, ukuzinza, inertia kuzo zonke iimodare zokusebenza zahlolwe.

Inqanawa ithatha inxaxheba kwimigangatho yokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya ngenjongo yayo ephambili - ukulwa nemililo e-ashore kunye nakwiinqwelo zengxamiseko, ngoncedo kwabalimalayo, kubandakanywa unyango kunye nokukhutshwa kwabantu. Zonke iimpawu zesitya ziqinisekiswa kwaye zidibana neenkcukacha. I-Caspian Flotilla ifakiwe kwisakhiwo sayo enye inqanawa yemikhumbi kwezinye ezimbini, eyenziwa kwiprojekthi efanayo. Ngoku i-tugboat enye iya kususa kwiinqanawa ezinxweme kuLwandle oluMnyama, kwaye ezimbini - kwiCaspian. Kwakhona ukucima umlilo, ukubonelela ngombane, ukugcina iinqanawa eziphuthumayo, ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokudibanisa, ukuqokelela iimveliso zeoli kwi-water surface, ukwenza uphando kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlola.