Iintlobo zesohlwayo, ummiselo wokunciphisa amacala okulawula

Ingcamango yecala lolawulo

Umthetho ubonakalisa umgaqo wecala lolawulo kwaye ubonisa ukuba lo mthetho awunemthetho, unobungozi obunobungozi obwenziwe ngumntu osemthethweni okanye ongokwemvelo, apho inikwe uxanduva, ngokulandelanayo, kwi-Code of Administrative Offenses okanye ngesiseko seminye imithetho.

Icala lolawulo lingazibophelela ngokuzithandela nangokunganakwa. Isenzo sobugovu sisenzo esenziwe ngumntu owaziyo ukungalunganga koko akwenzayo kwaye ufuna ukuqala kwemiphumo emibi kwizenzo zakhe.

Icala lolawulo oluzimeleyo lucingelwa ukuba umntu ongokwemvelo okanye osemthethweni owenzileyo akazange abone ukuba kwenzeke imiphumo embi okanye ayibone ngaphambili, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba ayiphephe. Ummiselo wemingcele yezohlwayo zolawulo usekwe ngumthetho.

Ukususela kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, ummi angafakwa kumthwalo wolawulo kwizenzo ezingekho mthethweni azenzileyo.

Iintlobo zesohlwayo

Xa wenza izenzo ezingenayo ingozi enkulu yoluntu, umntu onetyala angacetyiswa.

Ezi zilandelayo zidibaniso zesohlwayo zisetyenziswa:

- ukuthunjwa kwezinto apho kwenziwe isenzo esingekho mthethweni;

- kakuhle;

- ukunyanzeliswa kwelungelo lokwenza izenzo ezithile, umzekelo, ukuqhuba isithuthi;

- kwimeko yokwenza izenzo ezinobungozi kuluntu, ukubanjwa kolawulo kungasetyenziswa ;

- abantu abafaka indawo yeenkonzo zombuso ngokubaluleka kwezemfundo okanye kwi-Russian Federation abangamalungu amabhunga olawulo amashishini angomthetho okanye ababandakanyeka ekuqeqesheni abagijimi banokuthi bangafanelekanga isigqibo senkundla.

- Abemi belizwe langaphandle kunye nabangenamntu abangasemthethweni bangaxoshwa ezweni;

- ekuqhubekeni kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngokuphula umthetho, kunokugqitywa ukumisa loo mi sebenzi ngenjongo yokucima ityala lokuphulaphula.

Imithetho yemingcele

Uxanduva lolawulo lwezenzo ezenziwa ngokuzimeleyo luya kwenzeka kude kube ngummiselo wemingcele yokuphulwa komthetho, obekwe emthethweni, ongapheliyo.

Kuze kube ngowama-2010, ummiselo oqhelekileyo weempazamo zecala lolawulo lwangeenyanga ezimbini, kodwa ngo-Meyi 2010 i-Code yachitshiyelwa, kwaye ummiselo wokunciphisa iindidi ezithile zamatyala olawulo wanda.

Okwangoku, ummiselo wemiqathango yamatyala olawulo ziinyanga ezimbini, kwaye kwimeko apho iinkqubo zolawulo ziyalwe yinkantolo, eli thuba liya kwandiswa kwiinyanga ezintathu.

Ukuqwalasela iimpawu ezithile zokutyhila iziphoso nokufuna ubungqina, umthetho umisela umda weemida zamatyala olawulo kuloo matyala unyaka omnye.

Iimeko ezinjalo zolawulo, ngokukodwa, zibandakanya: ukuphulwa kwelungelo lobunikazi, amasiko, i-antitrust, umthetho wezemali, ukungagcinwa kwemithetho yendlela (kwiimeko ezabangalisa umonakalo kwimpilo yexhoba okanye umonakalo ophantsi), ukukhuselwa kwe-copyright.

Ixesha lokunciphisa amacala olawulo oluchaphazela ukuphulwa komthetho wenkohlakalo kuyiminyaka emithandathu, ukususela ngexesha lophulo lwenziwa. Ukuba isigwebo asipheli ixesha elide kwaye sinobuhlobo obuqhubekayo, ixesha lokunciphisa elo mthetho liya kubalwa ukususela ngexesha elifunyenweyo.

Icala lolawulo oluzibophezelekileyo, okubangela ukuba kwenziwe isicelo sohlwaywa ngendlela yokungafanelekanga, umda wokumisela unyaka omnye ukususela ngexesha lophulo lwenziwa.

Imithetho yemingcele yomthetho wolawulo ingancinwa kuphela kwimeko ethile, ukuba umntu owenze umthetho wezolawulo, ufake isicelo sokuqwalasela umcimbi wokuphatha kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala. Kule meko, ixesha lexesha ukusuka kwithuba apho isicelo sinikezelwa, kwaye de kube yimini apho izinto zecandelo lolawulo zingeniswe ngokuqwalaselwa, zikhutshwa ngaphandle komqathango wokunciphisa.