History of Orenburg - ngokufutshane. Museum of the History of Orenburg

Orenburg - oku mhlawumbi esona sixeko emangalisayo eRashiya. peculiarity yayo siyifumana indawo okuyo. Le ise Urals. Phantse kwi nomda Kazakhstan. Ngenxa yoko into eninzi amasiko waboleka kwizithili emazantsi kulo mmandla. Ukongeza, imbali Orenburg usixelela ukuba xa inxalenye yale ndawo babephuma kwilizwe elingummelwane.

Foundation emzini

Le ndawo yokuhlala ayakhekanga ngokuzenzekelayo, njengoko uninzi zokuhlaliswa kwabantu kummandla Russia. Lo mbono ukwakha isixeko weza kunye Kazakh Khan. Wathembisa ukumkanikazi Anastasia nokukhusela isidima belizwe, ukukhusela imida sisifo kuncede nabarhwebi imbuyekezo ukuba yakha inqaba, neza kusebenza njengendawo yokuhlala xa usengozini.

Nale iqala ibali isixeko Orenburg. Agasti 31, 1735 ilitye yokuqala ekwakhiweni inqaba enkulu nethembekileyo wayebekwe khona. Esi sakhiwo sise ekudibaneni kwe GPL kunye Yaik nemilambo.

A into funny kwenzeka ukhetho lwendawo. Kwiphulo lokuqala eyayikhokelwa Ivan Kirillov ukufumana indawo efanelekileyo. Noko ke, emva kokufa kwakhe, ukwakhiwa Seine V. Tatishchev ehlayo Yaik. Kwaye kwakhona, miss, ekubeni Isimo Etsolweni lengxondorha, kude emlanjeni.

Kwaye kuphela ngo-1739 inguqulelo yokugqibela liye lachazwa yaye yavunywa yi - ngowayesakuba Berd Fortress. History of Orenburg waqalisa, kwaye mzi kwathiwa izihlandlo ezithathu, kanye wamitha wazala.

imvelaphi igama

Imvelaphi igama laloo ndawo kucacile ukuba nabani na wada wangena kancinci kwi eyayimi ngayo eRashiya, ingakumbi kummandla Orenburg. Konke ngoko nangoko iyihlanganise kunye komlambo inxalenye GPL "nenqaba", nto leyo liguqulelwe ngeendlela isiJamani "isixeko". Ngokoqobo, igama ngenxa yale mbono, liguqulelwe ngokuba 'sisixeko kwi benzisa. " Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba eli gama novootstroennomu ndawo wanikela omnye I. Kirillov. Waphinda wathuma iipakeji amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwi ukonyulwa uKumkanikazi Anastasia.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ibali Orenburg awuvumeli ukulahla ingcamango yokuba igama livela Kazakh "orybor".

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngenxa ukudideka kunye indawo inqaba ligama ixesha elide wayenxiba inqaba yokuqala, otyelwe nokuba Kirillov. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, uKumkanikazi wakhupha umyalelo apho ilungelo lokuba kuthiwe Orenburg ndakutywina le ndawo yodwa, nto leyo onim namhlanje.

Ukususela ngo-1938, le dolophu igama Chkalov, emva kokuba umqhubi odumileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, le yokugqibela babengenayo nayiphi ngokunxulumene kule ndawo. Ngowe-1957, le dolophu wabuyayo igama layo zembali.

Minyaka yokuqala yobomi

History of Orenburg, kunoko, umzi mihla nommandla litshintshile kakhulu emva kokuba ukwakha inqaba. mbuya Edge waqala ukuthatha abantu abavela kwezinye iingingqi Russian. Okulandelayo kule ekomelezeni kwakhiwe amashumi izakhiwo zokuzikhusela, emingxunyeni yamba wakha neendonga eziphakamileyo.

Ekuqaleni amajoni ayephinde apha ngethemba lokuba baya kuqalisa ukujongana kuqoqosho. Kodwa ke imbali isixeko Orenburg ibonisa okwahlukileyo - ukuba saxineka izalamane amadoda akazange kufuna kakhulu, kuba umnqweno ukuba azityebise yaye ukuya kumbamba kwezoqoqosho azikhange ulandelwe.

Ngoko kwagqitywa ukwenza irregulars Cossack, ezibe nokuba ngabantu ngokudlulisa. Emathafeni nsimu waqalisa ukuhlola abalimi.

Noko ke, lomntu ke onobu bugcisa wayengekho kangako. Esi sixeko wakhula waza waya esomelela ngenkqubo yokurhweba, yaye ekugqibeleni yaba liziko namandla, kuphuhliswa kunye namazwe ezimelene kwiphondo Orenburg.

The First World War

NgoJulayi 1917, iqela "Alash" womhlaba, ukuze baxoxe imiba yolawulo ngamandla. Ukusuka kuwo amagunya abameli Konke-Russian Assembly neqela. Ngoko ke, imbali Orenburg wafumana amandla yayo yezopolitiko.

Le minyaka mngeni enzima kweso sixeko. iiyunithi Cossack ngokuphindaphindiweyo abanikwe ekubulaleni Red Army. Nangona uninzi ezishelfini baqalisa ukuba bazibize White Cossacks yaye abazange ukwamkela utshintsho. Ngaphandle ebonakalisa ngokwayo ukungafani yesizwe yabemi.

History of Orenburg ngokufutshane ukukhankanya ezi ziganeko abakwazi. Ngaloo mihla ligazi elininzi ndichithe. Yiloo nto kuphela bamba kwibhunga wesixeko, xa made bonke abantu ngokubasa khona, nkqu abasetyhini nabantu abadala.

ESoviet Union

Konke oko kwatshintsha nokufika kwamandla Soviet. Abemi liye landa, phantse amaxesha amathandathu. Ekubeni kummandla kule ndawo akuzange kwenzeke izimpi ngenxa kwizikolo ezikude yayo, kwagqitywa ukuba kuphunywe ngobungxamo apha amaziko amakhulu kwimizi-mveliso, uninzi lwazo sahlala apha.

Kwi Union Orenburg ezintofontofo zokwaleka ezikrelekrele yonke waduma ngenxa yakhe, ukuze isipho leyo mqondiso iphezulu nenkathalo.

Ngemihla kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwisixeko wavelisa moya kunye ntaka. Ke kwakukho nezinye amashishini. Kuba Orenburg, oku kwakuthetha ukuvela kwemisebenzi emitsha, kuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, waqalisa ukuhamba apha kwezinye iingingqi.

Imbali kwezitalato Orenburg ibalisa zonke iinguqu ezenzeka phakathi komzi.

Ithuba yanamhlanje

Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR isixeko lilahlekelwe ngexesha kwayo. Kwakungekho de yomhla. Noko ke, ngo 2000 oko waqalisa ekukhuliseni iwonga Orenburg, bakha uqoqosho.

Isixeko nomtsalane kubakhenkethi ngenxa yale nkqubo. izakhiwo Old baqala ukubuyisela ngenkuthalo. Imisebenzi womnatha lwenziwa ukuze baziqhelanise umsebenzisi mzi, imbali yawo.

Wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kulo mbandela, kwaye Museum yeembali Orenburg. Iqulethe imiboniso ebalisa ngobomi mzi. qho ngonyaka ibanjwa inani lemisitho zemveli ahlelwe ukutyelelwa.

Rates ngaphezulu kwe abanyanisekileyo, nendawo enkulu - lo ngomnye nokwayo bazakuyivuyela ziindwendwe mzi.

Kweso sixeko uthi ezitalatweni ndlu. Phofu ke, bamana ukukhunjuzwa ntoni apha ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ukuze ngokukhawuleza ubuninzi imali ulwazi malunga ndawo, abemi, imibombo, ndwendwela nje Museum yeembali Orenburg.

Nabadla kwi the Academy Medical

njegawo nawaphi na amanye idolophu, Orenburg uye iintsomi kunye namabali kukududuzela wayo. Enye kakhulu zithandwa - ke amabali ghost, nto leyo lubanzi kulwakhiwo Academy Medical. Akukho nasinye abahlali abakwazi isizathu sokuba imimoya ezingonwabanga kunjalo, abanako samyeka woonongendi, nangona kunjalo, oku ilejendi uhlala akanguye ngenkulungwane yokuqala. Kukho nkqu iinkumbulo ukubhalwa omnye wootitshala. Uthi ukuba ngenye imini wathunyelwa ukubazolisa amantombazana, ababenaye phithi luloyiko. Babethetha malunga nabadla kabini abanqwenela zokoyikisa abafundi. Noko ke, abantu abatsha ekhohlo, kwaye izandi engaqhelekanga zange ayeke, kwaye kuye kwanyanzeleka amantombazana ukuba enze ingxolo.

abafundi abaninzi bathi nanamhlanje oomoya wakhathazeka zijikeleza isakhiwo, ngamaxesha amaninzi kubonwa wendlela okanye amagumbi.

Nemfihlo metro yokuqala

Xa wayehlala Orenburg a Gorodissky owayesebenza njengoko igqwetha. omilenze kwakhe besini imazi ayegqatse phandle ezininzi - indlu sistucco elinamawonga ukonwabisa amanenekazi, ndili lady ukulungele ukuthethelela, nokuba ukuba imikhosi ayilungelelene.

Kodwa amahlelo mkhulu ndawonye ilejendi ukuba kwakhelwa sikaloliwe wahlekisa ngokwayo phantsi endlwini. Ezi neentsimbi amabini kunye netroli ibaleke esitratweni elilandelayo.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, isixeko akayi kungamohlwayi nabani na akanankathalo.