History of London: inkcazelo, izibakala umdla izinto

Phantse zonke bahambi abazibona kwi UK badla uqiniseke ukuba kutyelela ikomkhulu yayo. Ngoko ayimangalisi, kuba imbali London sele usenza malunga namawaka amabini eminyaka, luzele iziganeko, kuquka igazi. Yintoni usixelele ngendalo kunye nophuhliso iziko kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko i-United Kingdom, izinto zayo umdla?

History of London: ekuqaleni

Sisihlandlo sokuqala kwengqukuva ka Albion yomhla we-43 ngonyaka AD. Enyanisweni, eli bali liqala London kunye ukugaleleka waseRoma Legion kwi British Isles. Ukuqhubekela emhlabeni, abantu badibana umqobo, nto leyo iThames odumileyo. Ekudibaneni umlambo kwathetha ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho. Kuba umsebenzi amaRoma kwanyanzeleka ukuba wamisa iintente phezu kodonga ngasentla iThames, nto leyo waziwa ngokuba Londinium.

Ngokutsho neerekhodi wesazinzulu Tacitus, sele 51, idolophu entsha izuze isihloko oluba yorhwebo. Okokuqala, sasingqongwe eludongeni yodongwe, yaye kamva (ngenkulungwane malunga ekuqaleni yesine) ukuba indawo udonga lwamatye a. Imbali of London ibonisa ukuba isixeko zafumana amaxesha nzima ezinxulumene ekuweni uBukhosi baseRoma. Buildings zatshatyalaliswa, inani labahlali iye yehla kakhulu. Noko ke, London uye waba uzalwa kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe. Kwaba ngoko ukuba le dolophu wayifumana yecawa yokuqala ogama lakhe behlonipha Saint Paul.

Ngenkulungwane yesithoba ukuya Londinium yangaphambili babuya igama Trade Center, kodwa kwakukho ingxaki - kuphangwa Viking. Le nkqubo yaba nako ukuzisa kuphela uPhilip Eduard Ispovednik, phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-11 owawamemezayo i Anglo-Saxon ubukhulu phakathi komzi.

abanemvume

Imbali London ngamaXesha Aphakathi njengoko engenakulibaleka. Ngenkulungwane ye-11 ummandla kwayo yakhiwa Westminster Abbey, nto leyo ngo1066 ebekwe yayingeyiyo uWilliam koloyiso. Ngenxa yemigudu wedolophu kakumkani baba zizityebi kunye enkulu. Ngowe-1209 edume yakhiwa London Bridge, enqumla River iThames, iye khona iminyaka malunga 600.

Ixesha Ixesha ukuyigubungela 12, 13 kunye ngenkulungwane ye-14, kwaba ekuhluphekeni ukuba esi sisombululo. Imbali of London ibonisa ukuba gqaba yathinjwa French, imvukelo yamahlwempu abanamava. Kananjalo ingxaki enkulu yaba isibetho.

Inenzuzo elikomkhulu Albion wabonakala ngexesha ebukumkanini Tudor ubukhosi. Ngelo xesha don kwaba phakathi kumaziko eevenkile inkulu eYurophu. A nempembelelo entle kuphuhliso yayo buthathaka eSpeyin, yisiwe kwimfazwe 1588.

ngexesha elitsha

Tudors Stuarts zatshintsha, kodwa ikomkhulu iye yaqhubeka ukuze baphumelele. Hi ndlela leyi, imo ephambili e-United Kingdom London ezithengwe ngo 1707. Kunjalo kwenzeka ngenkulungwane St. uPawulos recovery kutshatyalaliswa ngomlilo, ulwakhiwo Westminster kwebhulorho. Buckingham Palace uguqulwe yokuhlala ephambili ookumkani.

Xa 19-20 Kwiinkulungwane th, isixeko onamava kweefektri ezidolophini, inani yabemi balo landa ebantwini kwesigidi. Ngowe-1836, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha bakwaloliwe, ngowe-1863 kwakukho komhlaba eLondon. iingxaki Kakade ke, ukuba kukho, umzekelo, ubhubhane ikholera, apho kuchazwe lula kukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwenani labemi.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo malunga ilahleko ekungenwe ngexesha Second World War, nayo iqulethe imbali London. Ngokufutshane: I-capital liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ubunzima ukusuka moya bombing lutshaba, uninzi zakhiwo batshatyalaliswa. Siyazi kuphela inani elisondeleyo lamaxhoba phakathi umphakathi - 30 amawaka abantu.

incazelo

Kakade ke, ayikho nje imbali umdla of London. Yintoni na umzi ephambili United Kingdom namhlanje? Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba le dolophu umzi yesibini ngobukhulu, ibekwe kwi kummandla Europe. indawo yayo malunga 1580 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

Indlela abantu abaninzi bahlala kwikomkhulu Albion? Ngokutsho data yakutshanje, eli nani abantu malunga 8.5 million. Abahlali le dolophu nje British kodwa Irish, Asia, amaNdiya kunye nabanye.

anika umdla

History of London uthi isixeko akusoloko wenziwa igama layo ngoku. YeziKronike ezahlukeneyo bahlile beza imihla yethu, idolophu ubizwa ngokuba Londinium, Lyudenburg, Lyudenvik. Lalawo kwimbali ye-capital ithathwa ngenkulungwane ye-17, lixesha kubahlali bayo sijongene zizothuso Enkulu Plague, yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-60 amawaka, Omkhulu mlilo of London, abatshabalalisa izakhiwo ezininzi ezinexabiso zembali.

Abantu balapha badla ukubiza isixeko sabo 'umsi enkulu ". Oku kungenxa Lo mxube omkhulu - intlekele olwenzeke-1952. Kwiintsuku ezintlanu dolophu ligutyungelwe umsi, oku kwenzeka ngenxa ye xi ngokugqithisileyo kwamashishini zoshishino kwindawo yayo. Great Smog wabulala amadoda amalunga namawaka amane.

Kweli hlabathi akukho engaphantsi, wakha phambi eLondon. abemi balo of London ebizwa ngokuba "umbhobho", njengoko kwakunjalo kule fomu uninzi imigudu.

London History Museum

Abemi eyinkunzi yaseBritane zibhekisela ngenyameko kwimbali sixeko asithandayo. Ubungqina ke History Museum of London, inani imiboniso eziye elide ladlula kwesigidi. Isakhiwo wayigcina yonke into enxulumene nobomi le lali, ukususela kwixesha phambi kwisiseko sayo.

Ukuvulwa ozukileyo lolondolozo lwembali kwenzeka ngo-1976, loo nto ibekwe kufutshane Cathedral eSt uPawulos. Lakhe ukufikelela simahla wonke. Okwangoku, lo mboniso inomdla kakhulu ke umqeqeshi iNkosi kaSodolophu.

Natural History Museum

Natural History Museum eLondon, wabonakala ngo-1881, wasebenza kuqala njengenxalenye ye kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani, kamva ngokomthetho kulo. Isakhiwo idume imiboniso yayo enqabileyo kwihlabathi zezilwanyana, Botany, mineralogy, kwesayensi. Okokuqala kwayo yonke phakathi kwabahlali kunye nabatyeleli aloo mzi ngenxa yokuba iidayinaso bakhona phakathi nemiboniso.

Umzekelo, kwi-Museum of Natural History (igama lakhe phakathi), uyakwazi ukubona amathambo Diplodocus, ubude kweemitha 26. abatyeleli kukhombisa imodeli ngomatshini ukuba iRex Tyrannosaurus.

ezinika ukukhanya

Ngethamsanqa, imbali ubunzima of London abhalwe nje kuphela kwiincwadi zezifundo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukufunda, ukuphanda ezinika ukuba kufanele idume kwikomkhulu Albion. Umzekelo, i-Tower of London - inqaba ukuba iye khona iminyaka engaphezu kwama-900, ubambisa phantse yonke imbali igazi ye-UK. Okwangoku, wajika waba entsokothileyo museum ekhethekileyo, ngaphakathi apho iqulethe eninzi nemiboniso umdla.

Westminster Abbey - ngumzekelo obalaseleyo zakhiwo Gothic, sele iinkulungwane ngeenkulungwane, imangaliseke ukuba ubuhle bayo. ulapha ngaphezu kweminyaka eliwaka Ngoko, kwakukho lo ibekwa ngabalawuli baseBritani, nanga ngamangcwaba abameli ebalulekileyo yesizwe - kwiikumkani nje kuphela, kodwa izazinzulu, ababhali. I-British Museum iqulethe eziliqela imiboniso aphonononga kuzo zonke akunakwenzeka, nokuba iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ummandla zokwakha hectares 6. Singasathethi ke Buckingham Palace, apho 775 amagumbi.