Hero Cities of Russia: iLeningrad, Stalingrad, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk

Kwiindawo ezinabantu, njengoko banjalo abantu, abe nakwizibetho zabo kuhlangene kunye ngembali yelizwe ahlala kuzo. Ngeendlela ezininzi nabo baxhomekeke ngehambo adibeneyo zabemi zabo. Hi xikombiso, le kwiilali kufa ukuba iintsuku zakhe, okanye ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ibe liziko enkulu zemfundo wonke loo mmandla wabulela abathanda, waseka eyunivesithi apho.

wenza njani isihloko Hero-City

Xa imincili kwemihla yokugqibela IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic abaninzi abazange, wabona isiganeko ebalulekileyo. Isibakala sokuba May 1, 1945 iLeningrad, Odessa, Sevastopol kunye Stalingrad sithe sawongwa isixeko-hero. Kamva, ngosuku olwandulela engama-20 Ukoyisa, isihloko yanikezelwa kuwo ngokusesikweni. Ukongeza, umzi-hero waseUSSR baqalisa eMoscow, eKiev, kunye Brest Fortress. Izihloko anikezwa kule minyaka ilandelayo. Ngokukodwa, ukususela 1973, oko baqalisa ukunxiba Kerch kunye Novorossiisk, ukususela ngowe-1974 - Minsk, yaye ukususela 1976 - Tula. Kulo nyaka wokukhunjulwa kweminyaka engama-40 hero-isixeko Victory zaphakanyiswa njengoko ESmolensk kunye Murmansk. Nje ngalo mzuzu uluhlu liyilwe zokuhlala 12 kunye Fortress - Brest. Ukongeza, umthetho wawiswa ngo-2006 ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla 'City of Military Uzuko. " Eagle bayifumana, Pskov, Belgorod, Kursk, uTheodosius, kunye nabanye.

Hi ndlela leyi, bambalwa siyazi ukuba hero-imizi eRussia hayi amaziko oluntu kuphela ukuba abe status efanayo yekhethelo. A Isihloko efanayo ikhona kwamanye amazwe, afana ne eCuba, Vietnam kunye Italy. I-Union of Yugoslavia, nto wawongwa imizi 8, bazibalula ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeSibini, kuquka Belgrade, Ljubljana, Zagreb, ePriština kunye nabanye.

Leningrad

Le feat le abavikeli kunye nabahlali aloo mzi ngomhla Neva ngonaphakade wangena imbali iimfazwe zehlabathi. Omnye December 19, 1940, uHitler wasayina lo myalelo, apho phakathi kwezinye izinto kuthetha ukuba xa kuhlaselwa eSoviet Union kuqala ukuba wayithimba iLeningrad kunye Kronstadt, uze emva koko eMoscow. Xa umlo yalibaziseka de NgoSeptemba, i-uMlawuli ligqibe, ngamazwi akhe, "ukuba ukulamba" iLeningrad yaye wayalela ukuba ayinqamle yonke indlela nothutho lokutya. Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 8, 1941 waqala kwafa ibonwe eLeningrad, eyathatha iintsuku 872. It ukhetheke inani lamaxhoba ukuba isixeko sele ihlawulwe ilungelo ukuba utshaba kwizitrato zabo ekhaya. yonke imihla njalo bombing oxandileyo neziqhushumbisi bathimba ubomi amakhulu abavikeli. Noko ke, oko ngakumbi abafa yindlala, njengoko imixhesho omncinane akwanelanga ukuba kugcinwe ukusebenza eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni womntu.

Phezu kwayo yonke le nto, Leningrad (ngoku St. Petersburg) wasinda, kwaye utshaba nako kudlula kwi Ibhotwe Square, uHitler waphupha le. Kulo mzekelo, esi sixeko kuhlawulwa imali kulo ngexabiso engakholelekiyo. Njengokuba kuchazwe ngeemvavanyo eNuremberg, bababulala abantu 632.000. Kwezi, 97% - liphango.

In memory of the abavikeli yobuqhawe eLeningrad kunye nabahlali abakuloo mzi kwafunyanwa zesikhumbuzo ezininzi, kuquka obelisk "Hero City" kwi Uprising Square (ingasentla).

Stalingrad (Volgograd)

Igama ledolophu yaziwa lonke ngo-1942. Idabi Stalingrad, yathatha iinyanga ezintandathu, itshintshe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ukulwa zaye wawalwela yonke indlu, isitalato nasezirhangeni. Xa isixeko omabini amaqela alwayo ukusebenza ku amakhulu seva. Ngomhla ubuqhawe yabahlali Stalingrad, izatifikethi ezininzi. Ukucengceleza umzekelo nje omnye: ukukhululwa zemveliso tektala mveliso yengingqi yenziwa naxa imikhosi Wehrmacht waphuncuka esixekweni. Kule kuhlaselwa Stalingrad ecaleni iVolga emantla kwawona wabacimi ukusebenza kwalo wabasebenzi. Ngakumbi nzima abahlali kwafuneka Agasti 23, 1942, ngenxa iziqhushumbisi ezoyikekayo wabulala abantu-40 000.

Njengoko kunye nezinye izixeko, Hero weRashiya, Volgograd immortalized inkumbulo yabo ufakelo abavikeli ezikhumbuzo eziliqela kunye nokwakhiwa isakhiwo elikhulu sisikhumbuzo kwi Mamayev Hill.

Sevastopol

Ezinye ngamaqhawe izixeko Russian phambili nje kuphela Enkulu Patriotic War. Umzekelo, ukuba imbali kunyaka-233 ka Sevastopol ngokuphindaphindiweyo yaba kumgca phambi ukukhusela lizwe lethu. Ngokukodwa, ngexesha i iCrimea War kangangeenyanga ezili-10, waza wanyamezela ukumelana united France yomkhosi, eNgilani ne Turkey. Umzabalazo zobuqhawe kaNdikhoyo ekampini, oomatiloshe lwezithuthi Russian nabemi uViktor Gyugo ebizwa nasekuxinweni omtsha uTroy. Abahlali umzi baye bahlala wenene izithethe wookhokho babo, kunye neminyaka 90 emva kokuba iziganeko ezichazwe, xa nabaphumi-Wehrmacht isigqibo ukumbamba eCrimea, uTshawe-isixeko Sevastopol waye wamela yi iintsuku 250, ngoxa enzulu emva imigca yotshaba. Ukongeza abahlali iimfazwe inxaxheba 23 000 abantu yabasebenzi, zixhaswa imipu unxweme kunye entsimini 150. Nangona ukuphela kwentwasahlobo 1942 kwafuneka ukuba ahambe Sevastopol, kwixesha elingaphantsi konyaka kamva, wakhululwa ngamajoni le Front 4 Ukrainian.

Hero emzini Novorossiysk

Igama "Little Umhlaba" kwi 1970, waba phezu imilebe zomntu wonke, njengoko le ncwadi yesibini yapapashwa, nombhali apho ngokusemthethweni ingqalelo Z Brezhnev. iziqephu abaninzi kukho nakala ukuba lo msebenzi yoncwadi nangoko yaba umthombo wempembelelo abo ungathanda ukubhala amabali. Kodwa ngenene bridgehead "Little Umhlaba" elalithinjwe ngumkhosi yiSoviet ubambe iintsuku 225, yaba wesihogo ngokwenene. Le feat ye amaqhawe wasivuna iqhawe-isixeko Novorossiysk, akukho mathandabuzo ifanelwe sibe kunye nezizukulwana. Waye immortalized lulwakhiwo lwe zakhiwo lenkumbulo. Ngaphakathi lesikhumbuzo kunye sculpture obonisa ilungu lihlala nguye onilwelayo uzuko Museum, apho Ungafumana ulwazi malunga abavikeli le bridgehead kunye nezenzo zabo.

Esinye isixeko-amaqhawe

Kukuxelela kwanto kubemi Moscow, Kiev, Minsk, Tula, Murmansk, ESmolensk, Kerch, Odessa kunye Brest Fortress kunokuba elide kakhulu. Ngasinye kuzo ezinxulumene amabali amaninzi ogama amaqhawe kuquka bangamadoda namabhinqa ukuba zange ngaphambili ezingalweni zakhe ngezandla zakhe, kodwa akalalelanga ingozi ngenxa isilinganiselo Day Uloyiso kunye ngokoyiswa yotshaba. abasakhunjulwa nalo kuhlwayeleka zezikhumbuzo, ezikhumbuzo kunye umonakalo yokukhumbula.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyakwazi oko wenza izenzo njengeqela abantu ababehlala kwisixeko Russian amaqhawe (iLeningrad, Sevastopol, Stalingrad kunye Novorossiysk) ngethuba leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ngenxa nokuzinikezela kwabo woyiswa yobuFasi ayikhange ilandelwe izicwangciso misanthropic Adolf Hitler kunye namaqabane akhe.