Heart of iintaka: ngesakhiwo neempawu inkqubo yokujikeleza

Iintaka - iqela unique izinto gomoyoternyh abaphila linxulunyaniswa ubuchule, ngathi iphaphazela. Kusenokwenzeka phantsi imeko izihlunu yomsebenzi kwentamo nzima kunye nemilenze - amaphiko. Le nkqubo, nayo, inika kuhlale myocyte ioksijini kunye nezondlo, ingakumbi iswekile.

Igazi - lulwelo ukuba athuthe zijikeleze umzimba kunye nentshukumo yayo ixhomekeke umsebenzi olunzulu kwentliziyo - impompo, ulwelo lupontshwa inyama abadinwa nokuqina. Ukutshintshelwa oxyhemoglobin kunye organic izinto ubonelela inkqubo kwegazi iintaka. Inhliziyo - ilungu eliyintloko ukuba ujikeleza igazi. Ingakumbi isakhiwo sayo kunye nomsebenzi eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Iimpawu yenkqubo kwegazi

nethe okukhulu iintaka kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala - uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, ebangela igazi flow omkhulu kwemithambo ngemithambo bade. Okwesibini - ingakumbi igazi unikezelo emiphungeni. Heart iintaka quad, inxalenye asekhohlo nasekunene ke akuxelwa (kukho isahlulelo ngokupheleleyo), ngoko ke igazi singaxubeki: icala lasekhohlo ihamba emithanjeni, kunye nelungelo - lwemithambo. On exchange izinto ezichaphazela iintaka into efana ukuba uwele izintso azikho emithanjeni kuphela (as in ezanyisayo), kodwa kwakhona kwinkqubo portal isitya igazi lwemithambo ukuze metabolites ulwelo kubo kunokuba urea kuyilwa uric acid. Next: iiseli - iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - abameli eklasini Aves zezona ezingundoqo, nto leyo eyandisa side ezi seli. Ukususela ventricle lasekhohlo intliziyo kuphuma isitya esimbaxa inkulu - le aorta. It has i arc ekunene, bifurcation leyo ekhokelela kuseko yasekhohlo kunye ekunene kwimithambo innominate, olunikezela intloko amaphiko iintaka kunye nezondlo neoksijini.

komzimba intliziyo

Njengoko zinamalungu umngxuma izihlunu, ukuba ibekwe kwicala lasekunene esifubeni wayigubungela ngazo pericardium - le pericardium. Xa phambi kwentamo iintaka bentliziyo ngokungaphelelanga amalungu ezongezelelweyo zemiphunga - isingxobo somoya. It has elimile ikhowuni, kwincam emi kwinqanaba eliphakathi phakathi esiswini kunye esibindini.

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo nakwiintaka, imilo intliziyo inokuba nomahluko ukusuka kruglokonicheskoy ukuya ellipsoidal-ubude. Eli lungu yegazi iqulathe ngeengcamba ezintathu: engaphandle - serous (epicardium), eliphakathi (myocardium) kunye yangaphakathi (endocardial). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo them - inwebu eliphakathi, leyo ixhomekeke isakhiwo lomsebenzi ephakamileyo ukusebenza kwentliziyo.

myocardium

It iqulathe striated esiqwini izihlunu isakhiwo ekhethekileyo eyahlula intliziyo neentaka zonke ezinye enyama yangaphakathi, equlethe kuphela umsipha egudileyo. cardiomyocytes Inboard inika amandla ngokulinganayo isasaze umthwalo ngexesha ekunciphiseni. Enye into ebalulekileyo imisipha yenhliziyo - geqe systole kunye diastole amagumbi: imithambo kunye ventricles. iiseli engabalulekanga ngalo, ngoko iminqweno-luvo ibonakala imibane phezu cardiomyocytes, yaye lonke iqokobhe nangoko lincitshiswe.

ezingontsini zentliziyo

imithambo emibini - asekhohlo nasekunene, kwakunye ventricles ezimbini iimpawu ezininzi ezinxulumene kunye kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo myocardium. udonga lwayo Lomelele yaye yatyeba kwisiqingatha lasekhohlo kwentliziyo, ngenxa yakhe ventricular igazi esimbaxa phantsi koxinzelelo uphakamileyo betekisi kulo aorta uze ongena kwegazi. Xa intliziyo igazi soloko kusiya ngakwicala elinye: ukusuka imithambo ukuya ventricles uze ukusuka kwemithambo ekunene pulmonary, kwaye ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya arch ekunene aortic. Kwi umda phakathi kwamagumbi ibekwe atrioventralnye semigudu, ebandakanya kwizicwili: izihlunu kunye membranous. Abayi musa ukubeka igazi ukubuyela intendelezo inxalenye ventricle. iintaka Heart, ulwakhiwo nesamagumbi ayo bevala, kuxhomekeke iqela yeyethu ngokucwangcisiweyo.

Xa neognathae (ezi ntaka), phambi ekhohlo ngemithambo ekunene kwaye zikhulisa engenanto kwi intendelezo ekunene ngokuzimeleyo kwaye drevnenebnyh ngemithambo ezibuhlazarha hlangana ukwenza sine. Phakathi kwakhe intendelezo ekunene, ezimbini ivalve dystrophy kwakhiwa. Iqela lokuqala iqulathe intsapho iintaka Columbiformes, Anseriformes, vorobinyh, kwagcwala kunye nabanye. Iqela lesibini iqulathe casuariiformes, kiviobraznye, nanduobraznye wababiza bezkilevymi iintaka (ukundiza).

kwegazi

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, intliziyo ka-ntaka ezine. isakhiwo sayo ibangela ezimbini kwegazi. Small Circle (pulmonary) buqala ventricle ekunene kwaye iphela intendelezo ekhohlo. isangqa esikhulu iqala ventricle ekhohlo. Ukususela ekunene imithambo arch aortic lwamasebe uze uzise ioksijini kunye nezakhi kwiiseli onke amalungu kunye nezihlunu zeenkukhu. igazi lwemithambo buthathwa kule cava Vena, ezifakwe kwi intendelezo ekunene, oku igqibezela le kwegazi.

Ingakumbi Umsebenzi intliziyo

Ukufunda kwindawo engundoqo ye kwegazi - intliziyo yentaka, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi camera - waphawula ukuba le Umzimba elikhulu ngokwaneleyo ixabiso kunye ubunzima xa kuthelekiswa ubunzima umzimba. Umzekelo, iintaka ezifana bullfinches, Ingekalili, amadada malunga 1 - 1.3% ngokobunzima, kunye neentlobo ngesantya esiphezulu kunye uphume yokusabela - ukuya kwi-2%.

Umzekelo, iintaka inyama - White-ezinomsila Eagle, Falcon - isalathisi kwentliziyo yi malunga ne-1.8%. Ukongeza, iintaka high blood pressure kunye izinga ukubetha nemiqulu ibetha 200 ukuya 600 ngomzuzu, kwaye ngexesha yeflaythi 1200 ibetha intliziyo.

Kweli phepha, siye wawuphendula lo mbuzo, yintoni hlobo kwentliziyo yabo kwiintaka, wafunda iimpawu myocardium kwaye isenza ingakumbi umsebenzi wabo sentliziyo.