Gutkina NI, ubuchule "iNdlu": inkcazelo, ucazululo lweziphumo, izigqibo

Kweli nqaku, ufumanise ukuba yintoni eyenza ubuchule ukulungiswa, nokunakanwa iimilo, "Indlu" N. I. Gutkinoy kunye nezinye bokuqonda ezisetyenziswa iisayikholojisti ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lophuhliso umntwana.

Enye yeengxaki ezibaluleke kakhulu yaye yaziwa kakuhle ngengqondo kule nkqubo yemfundo na uxilongo lokuqeqesha abantwana esikolweni. Namhlanje kukho isixa esikhulu kweendlela zovavanyo ulwalathiso. Phakathi kwabo "inkqubo Expert, nto leyo ebonisa ukulungela ngokwasengqondweni abantwana abaneminyaka 6-7 ukuya wesikolo 'ekhoyo Gutkinoy N. I., egqalwa kakhulu isondlo ephilileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, methodologically igqalwa isixhobo kakuhle.

izinto eziluncedo ubuchule

inzuzo ngokungagungqiyo le nqubo, umgaqo, yoluleko, leyo yayisekelwe. Ngale program ungenza kuphela awunakucwangcisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kuphuhliso ukuqikelela impumelelo kid yemfundo, kodwa benza ukulungiswa kunye nemfezeko kwenkqubo efanelekileyo. Long wasebenza kwithiyori yakhe Gutkina NI Iindlela "House" - umsebenzi wakhe kakuhle, nto leyo ifakiwe kule program.

Le projekthi yenzelwe yokuvavanya abantwana abaneminyaka 6-7. Nalo, kuvela nokulungela kwabo ngokwasengqondweni kwizinto eziqhubeka esikolweni yaye esweni nemiba yophuhliso yengqondo lwabantwana kwiqela asakhasayo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, le projekthi kusetyenziswa ukususela kwiminyaka 5.5 ukuya kwi-8.

Ngokubanzi, le program isetyenziswe ukufunda uphuhliso, imfuneko-ngokwenene,, iindawo zengqondo engenasizathu intetho.

project

Le ndlela enza le projekthi, ezi mvavanyo azikho. Enkosi kubo, ungenza ngokomgangatho ukuchaza ukulungela wosana ukuya esikolweni.

project sokuhlola iqulathe iindlela ezisixhenxe, abathandathu ezo iziganeko yokuqala yombhali:

• A indlela yokuqingqa ukubusa umdlalo okanye mibala ulwazi kwi imfuneko-ngokwenene sphere baby.
• School ukuvuthwa test Kern-Jirásek (orientation).
• ingxoxo yokulinga utyhila "indawo umfundi lwangaphakathi."
• Technology "Ewe kwaye akukho" (ukukwazi ukusebenza kwi template).
• Iindlela "Indlu" (entle isandla weenjini, ingqalelo ngokuzithandela, umbutho sensorimotor, ukukwazi kugxininisa isampuli).
• Ukwamkelwa "iibhutsi" (isifundo of learning).
• Indlela "Umsindo-bafune" (ukuva lwezandi).
• Technology "woLandelo Iindawo" (uphuhliso yokuthetha, ubuchule iimeko, ukucinga).

Ukuze enze uviwo eyiyo, ukufunda kwenziwe ngokungqinelana iimvavanyo ezizayo; zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kufuneka ibe ngengqondo ngesandla-notitshala. Engqongileyo kwakhona ngaphandle izinto eziqaqambileyo zokudlala ezinokuphazamisa umntwana.

abazali abanokubakho ngexesha ndlebe wolawulo, kodwa ubukho ejikeleza usana ngexesha iteknoloji "Ukumisela iintshukumisa kobunganga" yaye "Indlu" ayinqweneleki.

Injongo yale projekthi

Nale projekthi, unga:

1. Fumanisa ukulungela ezikhuthazayo lo mntwana kwimisebenzi yesikolo, kwakunye neempawu zokufunda yayo.
2. Ukumisela uphuhliso womntwana zabasakhasayo ngendlela random, zenkuthazo, intetho kunye amacandelo ngokwasengqondweni.
3. Isicelo iminyaka emininzi mthombo yenkuthazo efanayo engadingi ukuba ukulungiswa.
4. Fumana bokuqonda nododobalisa uphuhliso lwabantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-5.5. Qala ukusebenza nabo ekuphuhliseni indlela kuphela "Group Development" leyo ochazwe NI Gutkina kwincwadi yakhe "ukulungela Psychological esikolweni."

"Indlu" ubuchwepheshe

Yintoni indlela N. I. Gutkinoy "iNdlu"? Umntwana inikelwa umfanekiso srisovat, obonisa indlu, ezinye iziqalelo leyo kuvela oonobumba yinxalenye eyintloko. Ungasebenzisa le iteknoloji ukufumanisa ukulungela kubantwana abaneminyaka 5-10 ukuya wesikolo.

Injongo yale vavanyo ukufumanisa isakhono eyodwa ukuba ukhuphele umfuziselo ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngenxa sabelo kutyhilwa ukukwazi umntwana ingqalelo imodeli, ngokuchanekileyo sizale. Uyakwazi ukuchaza iimpawu Ukunakana into ebonwayo, ingqalelo ngokukhululekileyo, amalungu omzimba kunye sensorimotor nolungelelaniso enkulisa izandla.

Imathiriyeli nezixhobo apha ukwenza ipateni isampulu, ipensile nephepha.

inkqubo survey

Njani zisebenza ku umkhuba ubuchule N. I. Gutkinoy "iNdlu"? Phambi kokwenza imithambo umntwana ingxelo le ngxelo ilandelayo: "Xa phambi kwakho kukho ipensile kunye ephepheni. Ndicela ukuba ukuzoba kuxwebhu yepateni efanayo kule isampuli (umntwana idluliselwa umfanekiso kunye indlu zipeyintwe). Musa ukukhawuleza, ulumke uze uzame zomzimba wakho zange kwahluka kwisampula. Ukuba into uya kusondela akunjalo, ukucima Awudingi ngomnwe okanye band rubber (kufuneka abone ukuba usana wayengekho gum). Nje iindawo ephosakeleyo, okanye onokusondela ngokufanelekileyo. umsebenzi Wena icacile? Emva koko ukuqala ukuliphumeza. "

ngokumisela indlela

Vumelanani, oyingcali omkhulu Gutkina NI Indlela "Indlu" imisebenzi ebalulekileyo! Ngoko ke, yintoni ofanele ukulungisa ikhondo lomsebenzi? Psychologist yokujonga lento phandle esandleni ekhohlo okanye ekunene libonisa nelebhokhwe elinye. Yingcali unyanzelekile ukuba bagcine uvavanyo isebenza njani; nokuba rhoqo ujonga lo mfanekiso-intshayelelo, nokuba liqhuba imigca ezonga asekelwe umphandle umfanekiso kuwo. Okanye mhlawumbi iipeyinti engawajonganga, zasikrwaqula kwisampula?

Kwakhona, utitshala kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo bokuqonda zilandelayo: kade okanye fast itakane ubamba umgca, uyaphazamiseka okanye ukusebenza nzima, iitshekhi nokuba emva kokugqitywa umzobo wakho umfuziselo.

Xa umntwana wazisa ukugqitywa kwalo msebenzi, kufuneka ucele ukuba ukujonga indalo yabo. Ukuba sibona impazamo kuyo, ngoko ke izakulungiswa, kodwa experimenter unyanzelekile ukuba abhale ezi zenzo.

Uqwalaselo iziphumo

Ngoko ke, safumanisa ukuba nqubo "Indlu". Uhlalutyo NI Gutkina-NMMU lwenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuhluzwa izinto kufuneka wenziwe ngokudibanisa iingongoma ayanikezelwa iimpazamo. Kodwa iimpazamo enjalo:

1. Ukwandisa izinto umfanekiso ngamnye ngaphezu kwama kabini. Ubungakanani yomfanekiso lonke kulo mzekelo ekwafanekisa le patheni (amanqaku 3 ikhonkco nganye ezinkulu).
2. Ukungabikho nayiphi na imifanekiso (amanqaku 4) element. Le lomfanekiso umsi elishiyiweyo, ucingo (ezimbini okanye esinye isiqingatha), uphahla, nelembande, ucango phezu kophahla, umgca obonisa ibhokisi isiseko sendlu.
3. Elingasebenziyo uqwalasele lomfanekiso (amanqaku 3). Ekubeni iimposiso ezixeliweyo amakhonkco umsi, ngemigca exweseneyo azotywe phezu kwendlu, ucingo, nelembande, window. Ngendlela, ukuba kuboniswe ngokungachanekanga iibhodi kocingo, amanqaku 2 asibalelwa kwibhodi nganye waziqaba ngokungachanekanga, nangenxa lonke ekhohlo okanye ekunene kwi elucingweni ngokupheleleyo. Lo mgaqo mnye uya kusetyenziswa zivakala umsi asakhulayo ukusuka kumbhobho, kwaye kukhuhlwe zendlu. Ngaphezu koko, emacaleni ekhohlo nasekunene ucingo baqatshelwa ngokwahlukileyo, umzekelo, ukuba ngokungachanekanga eboniswe kwicala lasekunene, ngeli icala lasekhohlo akukho zimpazamo (okanye ngokuphendululekileyo), umntwana ufumana amanqaku 4. Ukuba inxalenye ekhohlo (ekunene) ecaleni kocingo eboniswe ekunene inxenye iimpazamo, ngoko icala egqwethekileyo ziphononongwa njengoko inqaku elinye. Kakuhle abaqeqeshiweyo mnyama phezu kwendlu, amakhonco umsi. Ukuba kuphela ezinye izinto zikotshwe amakhonkco umsi lokwenyaniso, itakane ufumana ngenqaku elinye xa ezinikezelwa ukukhuhla phezu kophahla kunye iimpazamo, wabeka ngenqaku elinye. inani olungasebenziyo lwe maqela kubonisiwe nezinto ngemfano yesiphoso akujongwa. Akukhathaliseki ukuba zingaphi imigca ziya kuba kukhuhlwe kophahla, amakhonkco umsi okanye neeplanga ecingweni.
4. Ukufakwa olungachanekanga amacandelo kwisithuba womfanekiso (1 point). Ngenxa yeziphoso olu hlobo ibalisa ucingo indlu yokuhlala ngasentla komgca lesakhelo (indlu ngokungathi idada emoyeni) okanye ngezantsi kuyo (kucingo kufuneka kwabelwane ngazo kumgca lesakhelo zendlu). Impazamo uthathwa amkunyela ekunene okanye ekhohlo ukusuka embindini window. Ukuba umsi baphambuke ngaphezu kweqondo lama-amathathu ukusuka umgca oxwesileyo - oku nayo imposiso. Ukongamela kwakhona ingqalelo xa ubungakanani isiseko uphahla ingqamana isiseko sendlu, njengoko akukho ngaphezulu (apho isampuli phezu kwendlu nezixhobo zokukhabela uphahla).
5. Yintoni yenze izindululo Gutkina NI? Iindlela "Indlu" i ubugcisa ephucukileyo. Le Imposiso uthathwa ukutenxa evela ngozi kwicala umgca ngqo ngaphezu kweqondo lama-amathathu (1 point): ekhatywayo nth ingcambu ye iilayini ezithe tye kunye nkqo, eyenza le uphahla kunye nendlu. Tiny aluvumelekanga ukutshintsha engile ukutyekela imigca kophahla icala, "Nokuziva" (ngaphezu kweqondo lama-amathathu) iintonga esibathathayo Ngokuphambuka umgca oxwesileyo tye isiseko ucingo (ngaphezu kwe mathathu degrees).
6. Izikhewu phakathi kwemigca apho ziza izakubanodibaniso (1 indawo ye mithambo nganye). Ukuba imigca hatching phezu kophahla ayikho wadibana kumgca eliseluphahleni, 1 into kulindeleke ukuba lonke kukhuhlwe, kunokuba ngenxa ngalinye lomgca yayo ezingachanekanga.
7. Superposition imigca (1 point isicelo ngasinye). Ukuba imigca wophahla aqandusele ngaphandle kwawo, enye ingongoma kuqikelelwa yonke kukhuhlwe, kunokuba ngalinye lomgca yayo ezingachanekanga.

Kuba ukusebenza kakuhle ukuzilolonga ixhuzulwa 0 amanqaku. Enyanisweni, kubi umntwana azobe isafobe, ayanda ngamanqaku ewonke umsebenzi wakhe.

Vuma, ubuchule pretty umdla of "Indlu" (NI Gutkina). Ukutolikwa iziphumo yomzamo lusoloko yenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubudala umfundi elizayo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abantwana abaneminyaka emihlanu ubudala zinikwe amanqaku ngenxa lokuvuthwa engaphelelanga zobuchopho olulawula umbutho sensorimotor zero. Kuthekani itakane iminyaka elishumi, nto leyo Kuqikelelwa ngaxa linye okanye ngaphezulu? Esi siphumo sibonisa uphuhliso kwabathile elinye okanye amacandelo zaskenwa ngakumbi inkqubo nasengqondweni.

Uhlalutyo lweziphumo

Indlela ukuba sihlaziye ukusebenza msebenzi inika Gutkina NI? Iindlela "House" - inkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Yingcali kufuneka kugxininisa uhlobo lwe migca: 'umntakwenu uAbhishagi "okanye kakhulu imigca ethe shinyi, ukuze abonise, ngokutsho imithombo ekhoyo ngalo mba, ubume ixhala zabasakhasayo. Kodwa isiphelo esinjalo yi akukho kuthetha akunakwenzeka ukuba uyenze, uze uthembele kuphela umzobo enye. Kwakukho ukukrokrelana kufuneka ukukhangela iindlela ezizodwa zovavanyo.

analogue

Ngoko ke, yintoni linxulunyaniswa indlela "iNdlu" (NI Gutkina)? Ezi ziphumo, leyo ivumela ukwenza ukunceda ukuvavanya ukulungela umntwana ntshikilelo esikolweni. Abaninzi bathi le itheknoloji kwiwotshi II III-Kern Jirásek umthambo test, ezizezi ukukotshwa iincwadi ezibhaliweyo (II isifundo), kwaye kubonisa iqela (isifundo III).

Ukuthelekisa iziphumo ngezi zicwangciso, iingcali bagqiba kwelokuba netheknoloji "iNdlu" ivula umgangatho ngokwasengqondweni efanayo kuphuhliso olo sana, kwaye loo II III iiklasi Ukuyivavanya Kern-Jirásek.

Enyanisweni, safumanisa ukuba nqubo "Indlu" (NI Gutkina). Iqhubekekisa wenza umsebenzi kuthatha ixesha elincinane. Iziphumo kubalwa kuzo amanqaku, ukuze ukulandelela utshintsho sensorimotor ngendaleko womntwana enye yobudala ahlukeneyo.

Hi ndlela leyi, ngendlela efanayo ukuba zizame iintsana-kakuhle mfutshane kuyathintelwa.