Theory of senhliziyo. Ukusuka noHippocrates ku Pavlova

Ukuthetha ngayo kwithiyori ubuntu uqale ekuqondeni ilizwi. Temperamentum (latin.) - ratio eziqhelekileyo eziliqela iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni okanye iseti iimpawu ngamnye umntu enxulumene yokuziphatha, nabanamandla iipropati umlinganiswa. It ephawula umsebenzi eliphezulu ukoyika eziphilayo.

Kule ndaba kukho izifundo ezininzi ababhali ezahlukeneyo, kodwa bonke bephela nayiphi ezinxulumene okanye ngokusekelwe ngemfundiso ngento eyenziwe yi noHippocrates ngendlela. Wayibiza ngokuba 'humoral "(ukusuka Latin" humors. "- ulwelo). Gippokrat edityaniswe iipropati Nobulali fluid eziphilayo egqubayo umzimba:

• bile (iholo): ocaphuka msinya, aphilileyo, umonakalo, izimo ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza - a choleric;
• yencindi yomlomo (phlegm): uzolile, phlegmatic, elungeleleneyo, ngokulula tshintshela ingqalelo - oku phlegmatic;
• igazi (Sangvis): lula ukunyamezela ubunzima, okuchwayitha, nethemba, udlelwano - a sanguine;
• bile ezimnyama (iholo itshokhwe): oneentloni, sinotyekelo intlungu, zigcinelwe, olunenkathalo ezingemnandi - is melancholic.

umbono yaseMelika yaseYurophu kwenzululwazi

imibono efanayo sawo esekwe German E. Kretschmer kunye W. Sheldon American. Ngu Kretschmer (theory siseko), uhlobo kunye utyekelo izifo zengqondo ebantwini zinxulunyaniswa isakhiwo umzimba womntu:

• Leptosomatik (aphuke) - uhlobo shizotemichesky. Othambekele utshintsho ngokukhawuleza iimvakalelo, ivaliwe kunye neenkani.
• Yepikniki (ububanzi) - uhlobo tsiklotemichesky (cyclothem - ukugula manic-depressive). Kulula ukuba uqhagamshelane, realist, ezithandwa zokulwa nale ngxaki.
• Athletic (Athletic) - uhlobo iksotemichesky (iksotemiya - isifo). Cwaka, ukucinga bhetyebhetye akukho ezahlukeneyo.
• Displastik (yemfuza) - Mixed uhlobo sawo.

W. Sheldon wachaza ezintathu iintlobo yesimo , kuxhomekeke isakhiwo umzimba:

• tserebrotonik: Kretschmer kule leptosomatik noHippocrates - melancholic;
• somatotonik: ngokufanelekileyo, ukuzilolonga, choleric;
• vistserotonik: tithekiniki sanguine.

Le ngcamango ubuncinane, kwaye lithandwa phakathi abaziingcali kule entsimini, kodwa ubudlelwane elizayo phakathi isakhiwo umzimba nengqondo ukugula ithetha ukuba bokuba.

Ezisondeleyo kwinto ekhoyo

Zonke mbono yesimo kwi bengqondo, ukuba ukuchaneka obaneleyo iingcaciso, kodwa ayikwazi ingqalelo lemfundiso ngokupheleleyo. Nje ngokuba ebomini lokwenene uxube iindidi ukutenxa nemigangatho ezivunyiweyo.

umbono Soviet

AI Pavlov kwi sifundo ngeentlobo luvo bakucaphukele yinto yokuba excitation kunye inhibition yomsebenzi kwenzeka mzekelo ngamnye umntu. Kuxhomekeka yamendu azo, uchaza iintlobo ezine:

• Ukuhamba: eliphilileyo, eyomeleleyo (noHippocrates - choleric);
• amandla: ekhulelwa (melancholic);
• umoya: engasebenziyo (phlegmatic);
• bhe: Yomelela, esingangqinelaniyo (sanguine).

Njengoko ubona, yonke imfundiso ezisisiseko yesimo ngandlel yendlela yokwenza imigca iwela ingcamango Hippocratic. Lo ke umongo mnye, amagama nje ezahlukeneyo. Kwangaxeshanye kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ubomi yokwenene abanakwanela nayiphi na imfundiso yesimo yi nekhulu ekhulwini. Uyakwazi ukuthetha kuphela malunga iipateni.