Ubukhulu zesihobe: ukuba ukuchaza njani? Amagama zobukhulu enkondlo

Phambi kokuba kulungiswe umbuzo ukuba akwazi ukubeka indlela imilinganiso yemigca yesihobe, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba oku inkqubo versification syllabic-tonic apho element isigqibo nguye stop. Le yinto efunekayo nokuphindaphinda, nto leyo equka umthamo othile ukothuka kunye amagama unstressed. Unyawo wayesele esaziwa ngamakhoboka, kodwa wayengekho apho ukusuka iisilabhili ndixinezelekile kwaye unstressed, kwaye elide ezimfutshane kunye.

Imilinganiselo zigqitywa uhlobo kunye nobungakanani wagaleleka yonyawo kwivesi (umgca ivesi). Omnye eziqhelekileyo iimpazamo amagama - ibinzana tautological "umqondo echaza le vesi." Eli binzana amaninzi ukuva ukusuka kubafundi ngisho ngootitshala, oko ngempazamo, nangona kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani vesi inikeze zemibongo, ngoko wagula zibuze, 'Ngaba ndiya ukujonga njani ubungakanani vesi lwesihobe? "-"? Indlela ukujonga ubungakanani umgca' ukuthetha kakuhle

unyawo disyllabic

Uhlobo unyawo zixhomekeke imilinganiselo zemibongo. Indlela kucacisa uhlobo iinyawo, ubalisa isimbonono iivesi irekhodi njenge wesiphaluka ukucacisa indawo ye lwegama uzakuwushiya ungajongwangwa ngexeshana kwi isiqalelo ngasinye nokuphindaphinda lo mbongo.

zokumisa Dissyllabic luqulathe amagama amabini (ngamanye i element iphindiwe zonke iisilabhili ezimbini).

Ukuba yegama lokuqala kuphindwa into ngentlokomo, kwaye eyesibini - unstressed, ukuba oko ferrets. izihlandlo eziliqela kwanele ukuphinda naliphi chorea igama (ehlotyeni, ukuwa), ukuba uve isandi ekwayaleni. Ferrets aqhelekile kwimibongo yaziwa ngokuba abafundi emisebenzini zababhali banamhlanje, kwakunye phezu yemisebenzi ezakudala. vesi Trochaic ezenziwa kakhulu yesihobe, zibhalelwe abantwana:

Kanye imbongolo yasekwindla Osia

ukulala ebusuku embi kakhulu.

Kwaye xa ngaashi wambetha asibhozo,

Donkey Osia bangavuki ... (Chebyshev A.)

Lokhwalimanzi Honya waba demure,

Lokhwalimanzi Honya Musa ukungxama.

Ngenye imini lokhwalimanzi Honya

Amanzi ukuya wagqiba ... (Chebyshev A.)

ngosuku Bath kwi bug.

anzima kakhulu kuye:

Kuyimfuneko lokuhlamba shirt

Ahlambe ... (Chebyshev A.)

Ukuba yokothuka kwi unyawo lwegama yesibini, loo nto pentameter. ndinyana Iambic azikho nje ethandwayo.

Intshontsho waba anoboya

Kwaye oko wokona kakhulu.

Wabaleka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu

Ikati kunye nam.

Emva kwi bugs inja

Wayedla umfana ...

Kwaye ukuba uthatha i ebuhlanti,

Purred walala. (A Chebyshev)

Ukuze "uve" pentameter, phinda iambic naliphi na igama ngokwaneleyo (spring fever) isandi. Pentameter lidla ezinxulumene ne isandi Pushkin kaThixo "evgeniya Onegina".

unyawo kolulodwa ezintathu-

unyawo izithathu yakhiwa ngokulandelelanayo samalunga ezithathu, esinye sazo - yokuqala, yesibini okanye eyesithathu - ngombane.

Ukuba impactor ingxenye yokuqala, ibizwa ngokuba dactyl. Ukuze "uve" dactyl, phinda naliphi na igama dactylic Kwanele (ngolonwabo, okubuhlungu). Dactyl kuqhelekile kakhulu kwisihobe Russian, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba njalo kunye chorea iambic.

Amathathu anesine, kwaye ezimbini imvubu

Siye sadibana amabini anesine elephant.

Okulandelayo - a - kube kumgxobhozo,

Two - oko umlambo.

Kunye nemithi yesundu - nye.

Abathathu omnye omdala wathi:

"Molo, amabini anesine elephant."

Bathi ke abanye ilele phantsi komthi wesundu.

Babebaninzi,

A yesundu - nye. (A Chebyshev)

Ukuba lwegama kandziyise - yesibini, ukuba amphibrach kuyo. Emva phindaphinda igama amphibrachic (lomthonyama, inja, nature) Kulula ukuziva livakale amphibrach okhethekileyo. Igama Amphibrachic ngayo umlinganiswa etsomo Pupusika echazwe Umjikelo isandi ahlekisayo yemibongo Andrei Chebyshev "pupusik lwezoQoqosho ezisibhozo khaxa nusik":

... Xa pupusik Vodichev iintyatyambo,

A nusiki Walinganisa amanzi embizeni,

Senza qiniseka ukuba ayenzi skhimichil

Kwaye zonke iimbiza ngapha phezu Vodice ...

... Xa pupusik zeerasintyisi sasemini

Yaye khumbula ukuba neqaqobana ityuwa okanye hayi.

A syamknuli nusiki: "Musa trumbambol!

Buyela kwi Buba endala zachuhlilas ityuwa ... "

... Xa pupusik kuzyunilsya kumhlobo,

Ngequbuliso elikhulu nusiki yokothuka vzvyaknuli:

"Pupusik! Pupusik! Akakho umhlobo!

Khangela indlela kwamehlo anoburhalarhume emhlabeni!

Wadla konfyushki ezintathu blyambochek ezintandathu.

A nusiki apho ngobo busuku kuya kubakho? .. "

Xa kunjalo, ukuba yokothuka yi lwegama yesithathu wentetho ezintathu malunga anapaest. Ukuba uzive anapaest kunokuba izihlandlo ezininzi ukuphinda naliphi anapestovoe igama (isixeko, ezine).

... kwaye maxa wambi nkqu ngeCawa.

Kwaye awukwazi abalibali namhlanje,

Kuba kaloku xa uvuko

Akuyomfuneko ukuba ekuseni.

Umama, utata kungekhona alarm,

Njengoko kunjalo namhla, ukuba bafunge kusasa ...

Kwaye ke endinaye efrijini

amaqanda yentlanzi enencasa kakhulu.

Izolo, eluvukweni emthonjeni -

Kukho nangoku wathengisa elephants -

Kunye nomama-to-noyise wahamba nathi iintsapho

Kwaye ke ... Serezhka Panov (A. Chebyshev)

Ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo, stop ezintlanu Classic. Le ezakudala Russian kwi zisetyenziswa ubukhulu becala, kwaye ubone imilinganiselo edume nezaziwayo zemibongo. Indlela ukufumanisa kanye ubukhulu, hayi nje uhlobo wonyawo, uya echazwe ngezantsi.

unyawo Quadrisyllabic (peons)

izibongo Russian uyazi unyawo-zamagama ezine, zibizwa ngokuba peons. Ukuba lwegama yokuqala, le mfumba ibizwa ngokuba peony mna, ukuba yesibini, ngoko, oko, peony II, njalo-njalo. Peons bedidekile lula pentameter iambic, okanye ke, ukuba uthe waliphulaphula, isandi yabo yahlukile. Njengenxalenye kwikharityhulam yezikolo ikakhulu sithetha iinyawo odidi - dvuslozhnikah kunye trehslozhnikah.

unyawo Pentasyllabic (peptones)

Ukongeza, unyawo kunokwenzeka pentasyllabic okanye pyatidolniki okanye peptones. Ezi zokumisa zingafunyanwa Russian intsomi kwimibongo, okanye stylization yayo. Le pyatislozhniki kakhulu ezithengwe ngokubanzi wesithathu wagxininisa zamagama: "njani unina, umhlaba ufumile ..." Isandi peptone III ngenene ekuso bawabone kakhulu, eziqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi ababekhwele epics Russian.

Inani stop kwivesi

Misa zobukhulu zesihobe olumiswe lwagqitywa. Indlela ukugqiba udidi wonyawo, ezichazwe ngasentla, Noko ke, ukuze ubone indlela ubungakanani mbongo kwathiwa, ulwazi uhlobo unyawo akwanelanga. Misa - oku iyunithi esilinganisa ubungakanani. Intshukumo yesibini, apho kuyimfuneko ukwenza - ukubala iinyawo ezininzi ngayo iintlobo, umgca le vesi (vesi).

Amagama achanekileyo zobukhulu zesihobe ngoko ivakala oku: "ferrets trisyllabic" (inani iinyawo trochaic ilandelelana - amathathu), "pentameter pentasyllabic" (inani iinyawo iambic ilayini nganye - ezintlanu), "anapaest disyllabic" (inani anapestovyh ukumisa emgceni - .. ezimbini), njl impazamo eqhelekileyo kukuba abafundi abaninzi kunye nabafundi, ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na ubungakanani" - sibala nje uhlobo ime. Kuphosakele athi "le ubukhulu mbongo - dactyl", oluchanekileyo ukuze bathi: ". Ubungakanani yalo mbongo - trehstopny (.. Dvustopny njl) dactyl"

Quantification stop ivesi

Ngoko ke, ngenani kunye nohlobo yokumisa ixhomekeke ineenkalo zemibongo. Indlela ukufumanisa inani seenyawo? Kuxhomekeke kwinani igubu (circuit) athi ukuphucuka. Makhe ukuchaza oku umzekelo kunye chorea amphibrach.

Ukuba ndinxibe ngumnqwazi,

Ndibe phantse ngathi utata.

Kulungile, Tata, kwaye ngaphandle umnqwazi

Noko kunjalo, njenge utata.

Kulo mbongo Andrew Chebyshev "Pro utata umnqwazi" isisombululo luchazwa ferrets quadrisyllabic, njengoko umgca ivesi (v) iqulathe unyawo ezine trochaic.

Horse liphala onqumleza ibala, ukuphala,

I ephala onqumleza ibala kwaye wayedinwe kakhulu.

Kwaye ke intsimi leyo, yaye ngozipho ingca.

I atsibe emva, ephala, ephala.

Kwaye emlanjeni ukuba ahlambe nomzimba, aze adlale ngobuyakayaka,

Kwaye kwakhona endle ephala, ephala.

Nam umoya okanye intaka oko bungasifumani.

Akukho mntu owaziyo wokuphalisa ngayo ngokukhawuleza.

Kulo mbongo umbhali enye, kakhulu, inani ayeke iinyawo ezine, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo umzekelo edlulileyo, ningenzi chorea kunye amphibrachic, ngoko ke ubungakanani lo mbongo - amphibrach chetyrehstopnym.