Eyona ngumba indawo kwimveliso. indawo imiba yemveliso: itafile

Ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso kubalulekile kwaye ifuna uhlalutyo ngenyameko. Inyaniso kukuba yonke kwishishini kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. umsebenzi Economist - ukufumana umsebenzi kwindawo yophuhliso inzuzo ukuya kwimveliso yaba ingabizi kakhulu.

Yintoni na ke ngumba indawo yemveliso

Ukusasazwa sendawo kumashishini umiselwa impembelelo odityanisiweyo we izinto ezininzi. Imilinganiselo zabo ubuninzi nobulunga kwenzeka Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubeka amashishini mveliso. Le nkqubo yokuqhelaniswa spatial kuxhomekeke ukhuseleko leli lizwe okanye neziphaluka zayo zendalo, kwawo, izixhobo eziphathekayo, inqanaba lophuhliso lwenzululwazi, olwenkcubekho, noqoqosho ndawo, izibonelelo ezikhoyo kunye neempawu nembali ntsimi.

Xa ezoqoqosho, kukho utoliko eziliqela ingqikelelo 'ngumba indawo kwimveliso. " Ezinye izazinzulu izinto abonisa imithombo kunye neemeko eziyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuveliswa uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso, iseti eyahluke kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bathi iinkalo zemveliso yahlulwe ubutyebi bendalo kunye nemithombo yoluntu (imali, ubudlelwane namazwe, impembelelo zoluntu, imisebenzi kweenkampani ezinkulu).

iiphatheni ezingundoqo zokusasaza imikhosi yemveliso

Indawo imveliso lwenzeka kwi imithetho, ezo umkhwa uyaziveza ukuthunyelwa lwamashishini.

Ezi iipateni lubonisa:

• sikhutshwa esebenzayo ezaziza kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa isebenzayo kwezibonelelo;
• ubukho unxulumano olusondeleleneyo phakathi Kwemithetho Yokwenziwa indawo imveliso kunye nenqanaba kwezoqoqosho kule ndawo;
• ukuxhomekeka zenkampani phezu zobungcali abasebenzi bendawo;
• nokuxatyiswa ezihlangeneyo zophuhliso lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kule ngingqi.

Uhlalutyo imiba yemveliso nokubekwa

Ukubeka i lweshishini lubalulekile ukusebenza kwayo. It is a uhlobo inzuzo kwezoqoqosho, isiphumo apho kubonakala ekunciphiseni iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuthengisa kwayo.

Kulindeleke ukuba aqhube uphononongo oluneenkcukacha ulwazi iindleko-based malunga izinto ezichaphazela indawo yemveliso ukuba ukhethe indawo izityalo kuFeliks. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubala ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:

1. Indleko abaqashileyo okanye ukuthenga umhlaba.
2. Iindleko ezingahambisekiyo - izixhobo, izithuthi, izakhiwo.
3. Iindleko izinto zokwenza.
4. Iindleko zabasebenzi.
5. Iindleko zothutho.
6. Izinga lenzala kwimali-mboleko.
7. Ukwehla-asethi ezisisigxina.

Kwezi ntlobo kwi ulwabiwo iindleko zemveliso kangangoko mkhulu kuchaphazela amaxabiso ekrwada izinto, abasebenzi, uthutho kunye nepetroli.

ngezigaba zizathu

Kuxhomekeka imisebenzi eyenziwa zizinto ezifana ukwahlula indawo yemveliso:

1. Natural - izinga lokhuseleko kobutyebi bendalo ngingqi; sezulu, orographic, namatye neeminerali kunye nezinye iimeko.
2. Socio-demographic - nokufumaneka kwabasebenzi kunye ngemeko yeziseko zoncedo loluntu.
3. inqanaba izixhobo zobugcisa uzobe olwenziwe ngingqi - Scientific nobugcisa.
4. Economic - uphuhliso kuthungelwano lwezothutho, indawo ngokwemida yalo mmandla, ixesha lokwakha, isixa yeendleko eyinkunzi kunye nemveliso.
5. Eziphilayo neendawo - ukukwazi ukwenza imimiselo efanelekileyo yokusebenza kunye nemiqathango abantu balapha, izinga nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo ngaphandle umonakalo kwi-bume ophilileyo.

Wonke imboni awayo yeemeko ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, izinto ezibalulekileyo yokubekwa kwamashishini obunjineli boomatshini - a lobunzululwazi nobugcisa isiseko, intsebenziswano, ezikhethiweyo kunye nokufumaneka kwezibonelelo zabasebenzi.

Iingcali ngokuhlalutywa ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zonke iinkalo uqoqosho ukuhlola ukuba oko kangakanani kuchaphazela izinto eziphambili kwindawo zemveliso. Le tafile ibonisa ukuxhomekeka lamashishini eziphambili kwezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo.

isikali: 0 - akukho isiphumo; 1 - ukusebenza encinane; 2 - amandla phezulu; 3 - factor idlala indima egwebayo.

Xa inani leendawo kunokubonwa ezahlukeneyo amacandelo ezoqoqosho abachatshazelwa yi imiba efanayo kwindawo zemveliso. Le theyibhile ibonisa ukuxhomekeka olomeleleyo loshishino ukukhanya na indawo umboleki, imveliso yorhwebo lwemvelaphi kunye amafutha kunye namandla iimeko, nobunjineli ke amandla yabasebenzi kulo mmandla. Ilizwe kuphuhliswa ngakumbi a kukuthi, kungona isabelo kwamashishini ukuba badla kubathengi. Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithethe ngayo inkqubo yehlabathi iyileyo ikekelele ukwandisa factor impembelelo yabathengi.

izinto zemvelo

izinto zendalo eziphembelela indawo yemveliso, ziye zaqwalselwa xa nisaqala kukwanda kweefektri. Kwaye kuphela ilixa revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, olu lwalamano iye buthathaka kancinane. Usaya kuba kumashishini extractive, eli qela kuyaqhubeka ukuba eyona miba ephambili.

Uninzi amasimi nezadunge kwemithombo yendalo ngokoqobo ibhuqiwe, ngoko iinkampani zemigodi ziye lwaqala ukuya kungena kwisithuba entsha, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi ezinzima kwaye waphawulwa ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima. Umzekelo, i-oli negesi elwandle kunye matheku. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso kunye nokuxhatshazwa yesibambiso ezintsha kwemithombo yendalo kufuna utyalo-mali eninzi kwaye elijonge ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.

into Socio-lwentlanga indawo yemveliso

izinto Socio-demographic ziquka labemi, imeko kweziseko zentlalo, umgangatho zohlalutyo kunye nenani lwabasebenzi.

factor yabasebenzi kuqikelelwa esebenza iindleko ixesha iyunithi yemveliso eyenziweyo nganye. Thelekisa, esebenzisa izalathisi ngemivuzo kunye indleko kwimveliso ogqityiweyo. Kukho amaqela amathathu iindleko zabasebenzi zemveliso:

• vysokotrudoemkie - iindleko eziphezulu lamandla oluntu ekuvelisweni kobungakanani elincinane kwimveliso (imveliso TV kunye elektroniki, umqhaphu, izixhobo machine);
• srednetrudoemkie - malunga umlinganiselo efanayo nezinye iindleko zabasebenzi (chemical kunye noshishino ukukhanya);
• ukundizama - ubuncinane umsebenzi ngegalelo labour ngeyunithi nganye (loshishino lwamandla, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi).

into Scientific indawo yemveliso

Xa kwixesha revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, oku into negalelo iqela eyahlukileyo ngenxa yempembelelo ngokukhulu lonikezelo kwemveliso. Oku ngokuyintloko ubhekisela kumashishini eziphakamileyo zobugcisa, ezo ikakhulu kwizixeko ezikhulu. Umzekelo, eFransi uninzi lwabasebenzi zophando abasebenza eParis, e-Japan - eTokyo. Amanye amazwe ziye wadala yonke 'umzi isayensi ", iingcali zophando ezahlukeneyo.

Xa ixesha lophuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye ezikhawulezayo zobuchwepheshe, iintlobo ezintsha eyendawo semida zesayensi - iipaki ubuchwepheshe kunye nobuchwephesha. Okokuqala, baye bamkela i-US (Silicon Valley), emva koko wafudukela Western Europe, Asia kunye namanye amazwe.

Technopark - Qhagamshela ezihlola ezivela macala ilebhu elikhulu, iziko okanye eyunivesithi. Eyona njongo iphambili yale paki ukunqumlela ixesha ukuphunyezwa bobuqili iingcamango zenzululwazi.

Technopolis - ngokukodwa udale kuluntu lwezenzululwazi ukuba ibandakanyeka uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe ezintsha, uqeqesho abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kunye nophuhliso lwamashishini olusekelwe kulwazi olunzulu. Technopolis ngumseki of Japan, kodwa kungekudala ingcamango eyanyuswa ngamanye amazwe.

Izinto zoqoqosho indawo yemveliso

iimeko lentengiso ifuna ukuba uthathe ingqalelo iimeko zemali xa ukhetha kwasendaweni lweshishini: iimeko zotyalo-mali kunye irhafu, ukufumaneka kwezibonelelo zemveliso kunye nezibonelelo. Ngenxa iinzuzo zemali kwizixeko ezininzi kunye namazwe ehlabathini jikelele ziye Wazomeleza uqoqosho zabo (Hong Kong, iSingapore, South Korea). Ngoku, le imbangela nempembelelo entle kuphuhliso lwemveliso e Poland, Hungary, le Czech Republic.

Kukwakho iqela factor kwezoqoqosho kuquka uphuhliso uzobe olwenziwe mmandla, ukukwazi ukutsala capital investment kunye nendawo wejografi, uqhagamshelo ezothutho, ubudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kunye mimandla emikhulu kunye namazwe, umsebenzi ngamazwe. Kucingwa into nempembelelo kakhulu kwindawo yezithuthi kwimveliso. Ngenxa neendleko zokuhamba, inkampani idla ngokuba ngumthombo izinto ekrwada okanye umsebenzisi. Ukuba iindleko zepetroli kunye nezibonelelo angaphantsi kwe iindleko kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, imveliso unako ingabekwa imigama emikhulu evela okubonakalayo. Kwimeko esahlukileyo, indawo lweshishini kufuneka kukhethwe kufutshane kwizibonelelo, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuhamba.

izinto Iqela Environmental

Ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kwimveliso ehlabathini lwamashishini ngakumbi ithathele ingqalelo imiba yokusingqongileyo echaphazela nokwabiwa kwimveliso. uphuhliso ezikhawulezayo zobuchwepheshe, izinga lokukhula nokusengwa kwemithombo yobutyebi yendalo ngezinga elikhulu zandisa umthwalo kokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye iingingqi, iingxaki zokusingqongileyo, ngelo na umzuzu ezingenza abe intlekele yendalo.

Amashishini ezingaginyisi ziquka imichiza, isamente, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, amandla enyukliya, kunye nabanye. Iinkampani Indawo yokuhlala e ezi mveliso kufuna indlela ephucukileyo kakhulu.