Ngwenya ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Projects ngwenya

Umothuko - iba yindlela yethu! Esi siganeko senzeke ngo-1971, ekwindla. inkwili yenyukliya Soviet (inani Committe K-162, "Anchar" Project 661) kunye namandla iintonga, umzimba titanium kufutshane wayesemva "eyayiseSaratoga" isitya. 6 strike moya othwala US Navy wayecebe ukuba zirhwiqilize evakalala. Nangona kunjalo, i OWAYEBEKA engaqhelekanga ngokulula wakuphepha ummangaliso kwezixhobo amazwe yomkhosi wamanzi, ebonisa ubuso bakhe. "Isalele emva" Eli qela Ndothuka gqitha khangelwa ngesantya ubunakho. wahlala Kuphela "prude" fastest ngwenya! Akuzange kwaye akalingani yayo ehlabathini. Noko ke, kule amaphepha Guinness Book of nto - lizwi. imfihlo Military akanako ukuma bebabaza.

Wena amanga, akuyi kuwushiya!

Ikratshi nanto States wempi le "Lexington" wavela xhaxhe ukuya Atlantic kwizibuko Miami, kwindawo deployment esisigxina. Ngequbuliso Oomatiloshe amazwe ndizibonile: enzulwini iintlanzi zabo ezinkulu "whale" - ngwenya, imilinganiselo leyo siwenze kunye ubungakanani ndlu imigangatho emine. Kwathi kanti, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubaleka: esikhepheni enzulu kwiiyure kwamandla afumanana carrier, ngubani eziqokelelwe amaqhina-30 (55.56 km / h). Oku akumangalisi: "Anchar" (K-162) liphuhlise 44,7 amaqhina (80.4 km / h).

amandla ezaneleyo injini nje omnye, ukuqesha nokugcina isantya kumnandi. Ngwenya uzila, eziphaphazelayo njengoko imoto kwi emendweni, kwi kwiplanethi enguMhlaba ukwenza oku, nje alufumanekanga. Ukudideka wakhula ababebukele. Emangalisa "Old Lady" (enye lweziqhulo "eyayiseSaratoga") wakhangela awubi ngokupheleleyo. Le ndlela eSoviet ngqo emehlweni utshaba yabonisa isantya irekhodi ihlabathi ngokupheleleyo lokuhamba kwamanzi. Yaye akakulandeli States nelizwe apho, ngokutsho kwabanye, ukuhamba weebhere ezitratweni.

impendulo efanelekileyo

amangqina kuvaleke ayikwazanga ukuqonda: njani na "rounders ezidadayo" Russian ukusebenzisa walithiywa "ngesantya esiphezulu", "ekhule"? "Inkwili akukho kupholile"? Ewe, akukho nto bathi: ngcono ukuze bakholwe kwaye ukulahlekiswa kunokuba ukulahlekiswa, musani ukuholwa. Kubonakala ukuba nkqu kangangoko kunokwenzeka! Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngoMatshi 1971 isantya amaqhina 44.85 (83.05 km / h) ingalungiswa kwi Motovsky mbini line (indawo amanzi onxweme).

Uloyiso efunekayo ukuze sifezekise phambi ababukeleyo ndiyiqwalasela iimpahla. Ngaloo mihla, siye wayekuthanda kwiziganeko ezinkulu party. Le feat sasiza emva kokuvulwa XXIV Congress of the CPSU idibana. Storm yaqala, hydrologists babengakwazi ukuya elwandle. Xa imozulu lusekiwe, siye sagqiba ukuba ingxelo. Nangona isaqhwithi, kwenye elinamanci ekhulwini umthwalo umthamo inkwili reactor zenyukliya wakhupha irekhodi entsha, ngokufanayo 44,85 amaqhina.

Ekubeni wenza izangqa ezibini ngumoya, kwi iingxaki kuhlangana lesithathu wavakalisa umyalelo ukumisa experiment yingozi. Ngenxa yoko, ngokomzekeliso irekhodi ihlabathi 44,7 yaqukwa. Planck okwangoku ukuzoyisa. Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-imi- 70 lwekhulu XX, abayili Soviet babenethemba ukwandisa imithamo imveliso, setting up imveliso serial izinto ezintsha. Kodwa le nto ayizange yenzeke, nangona lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zale mihla Northern Fleet azikho isiqingatha amanani edlulileyo leminyaka.

Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu (iindleko eyayifikelela kwi-1% of ipesenti yohlahlo power) 'inqwelomoya carrier umbulali "-isantya esiphezulu kuphela, unique kunye, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, phezulu-mfihlakalo. Ulwazi iminyaka emininzi kwaziswa ukuba bonke abasebenzi emkhosini. Ubungakanani elalana kulo mxholo umphakathi nga ndicinga kuphela. Ngenye indlela, ukuba impendulo ngasemva we socialism nxamnye "nesimilo ombuso" wongxowankulu.

Siza kukubonisa ukuba gruel!

Funda okungakumbi wazalwa ngayo yaye kutheni ngwenya ngokukhawuleza. Xa ihlabathi Cold War namandla, isandla, bangumzekelo inkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo yezopolitiko, ambathe bakhuphisana ekwakheni izixhobo. Phakathi kwinkulungwane XX, eUnited States liphuhlise inkqubo ekhethekileyo yasemkhosini. Beka ukubheja yakho yesu ekulondolozeni zinjalo, inxalenye leyo isicwangciso ulwandle.

amandla ekhubekisayo etshintshe ulwalathiso kwamandla eyinhloko, ukuba saya ukufumana enye indlela elibukhali ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya elwandle. Le nkqubo ixhaswa "zokuchopha ezidadayo" - amaqela zibuphekhashini, abathwali moya. Ilizwe kweSocialism yoloyiso ngokukhawuleza kufuneka nje kuphela, izixhobo zombane ezitsha mihla. Yaba umbuzo malunga ukuvela ngwenya ngokukhawuleza. ESoviet Union kwi-60s imikhumbi emikhulu kwinkulungwane yokugqibela akazange abe ixesha ukumisa: imfazwe kutshanje kuqalwa ufile ngenxa ukukhusela looMawokhulu kubahlaseli zamaNazi. Ilizwe ngokulambisa nokuphola lo monakalo. Isivuno wafunyanwa: intloko karhulumente Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev wagqiba ukubonisa wonke gruel siqinisekile njengoko nanto ngwenya izithuthi.

Babahnut ilungelo olungileyo ezinzulwini

Babexhome ukuphuculwa rhoqo izixhobo zeSoviet emkhosini wanikwa ngaphambili, njani ngwenya ngokukhawuleza. Kweli hlabathi ngxabano ezinzima, ngakumbi emva lwesicwangciso wolwandle kwakusekho imfuneko kwi ukuphakama kwayo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba gqira isampuli ngwenya kaThixo eSoviet Union waba ethile esinzulu: umjukujelwa ayikwazanga kundululwa ukuba ukubetha ithagethi kuphela xa unyuka ubunzulu, emva kwetha ngaphezulu.

Amaninzi kukulo sikhundla ngwenya "esikhanyisela" utshaba, wabatshabalalisa (ukuba awunalo ixesha nexesha "unyrnut"). Kungekudala, i "neametiste" - inkqubo enomjukujelwa ukuba ungaqala kusuka ezinzulwini alaziwa ukuba lithetha ukuthini. It wadalwa phantsi kolawulo Umenzi ngexabiso kunye nobugcisa space Vladimir Chelomeya (ifoto ngasentla). Ezintsha masinyane yamkelwe, nangona ubunzima kulwa entloko uba ezincinane njengoko uluhlu badubula. Zonke ezi zinto ezibonakala negative zaye zincitshiswe uvimba kunye kungenzeka ukuba isicelo ukuhlaselwa ukumangala efihlakeleyo.

uhambo oluyimfihlo

Bekucingelwa ukuba sasingahlali ndawonye injongo iya kuba ukugcina umkhondo zonke-ukubona "iliso" zolawulo lokuzimela kwaye nenkqubo ukhokelo. Oku lula umsebenzi bokuphepha izitya loolindela (iinqanawa neempelesi) lutshaba kunokwenzeka. On ibhodi ekujongwe ukuba mayixhonywe ngqo imijukujelwa moya ezilishumi (cruise imijukujelwa) P-70. Njengoko umoya efunekayo ngwenya unamandla! Iinqanawa zehlabathi ukuba ukuntywila kwaye ukuba ukusebenza phantsi kwamanzi, naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko ayikwazanga kuba "clones" okhuphisana.

Ukuze umsebenzi umdla nkqu amakhulu, kodwa amawaka iingcali, bonke wasayina isithembiso ukuba bangavezi iimfihlo karhulumente. izisombululo zoyilo isetyenzisiwe, itshayelwe bucala kwaoko: ngwenya wazalwa elizayo. Bagxila phezu enomjukujelwa uluhlu cruise kunye negama elihle "neametiste". Mncane - asibhozo km. Ukuze ukulingana ngonyanzelo ngwenya kwakudada phezu kumgama zokuchopha ukuhlasela ukuze ukulobola nge-high speed izakhono (kubalwe inomzimba).

Uphawu-rich ergonomic

Xa umoya uxinzeleko kunye imfihlakalo wazalwa ngwenya ilungileyo. Ehlabathini kwaye kweli lizwe, akukho mntu wayesazi igama umphathi weprojekthi. igunya zingenakuphikwa esayensi, ukunyusa specialist shipbuilder Academician UNikolai Isanin (njengoko ngelo xesha ke lowo wengcibi yokuluka ezaziwayo-kakuhle iziphekepheke "Vostok" Sergei Korolev) lo ungumzekeliso ozise ezithathwa kakhulu. Phantsi ekuqaleni yakhe ngqongqo kwaye obungqabangqaba weqela asebenza imini nobusuku. Kwinqanaba elithile, inkokheli yathatyathwa UNikolai Shulzhenko. umsebenzi odinga nzima kuye iziqhamo esisityebi.

NgoDisemba 1960, iprojekthi ngwenya elizayo wayekulungele. Inani kwezisombululo zobugcisa avant-garde "off isikali" - 398: ivili lokuqhuba ngathi moya, remote control, ikhamera, izixhobo, yaye, ke, umzimba titanium eside kakhulu, nto leyo evela kwi Severodvinsk "Sevmash" ngo-1962. K-162 ngokwayo yasekwa kwi kwishishini efanayo ngoDisemba 1963 (serial number 501). Indima ebalulekileyo banikwa ergonomics.

Ezine amandla Ehlabathini Lonke

Energy ezinikwe eKhubheki ezimbini yenyukliya. Project 661 kuquka iyunithi paroenergeticheskuyu-isikhondo ezimbini (40,000 enjini nganye, ngo-2-goca ngaphezulu kuzo zonke "oogxa 'basekhaya angaphandle). Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba oku iphumelele isihloko "ngwenya ngokukhawuleza." Kweli hlabathi apho i-atom zoxolo baziinkosi zabo kuphela, izixhobo wesampula kumqukumbelo yintsomi wamnika sithembele lizwe.

amafutha Nuclear e zamandla wanele ukuba umjikelo ngomkhombe ezine (at ukusebenza ephakamileyo kunye nokhuseleko). "Biography Uboniso" zangaphambili ngokufutshane: ngesikhephe (ukususela ngoJanuwari 1978 yaye adweliswe phantsi inani Committe K-222) wavalelwa emanzini ngo-1968; eMali 1988; Ekugqibeleni ngo-2010 kwi "Sevmash".

Ingxolo akukuhle

Ngwenya kakhulu ehlabathini ayikwazanga ngobuninzi wavelisa kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. case titanium Cool ukuntsonkotha ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ngawo. Ekupheleni kwale 80s zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ke imijukujelwa lixesha P-70 "neametiste" (i kwezikhali enkulu). Utshaba agciniweyo liqulunqe izixhobo ezintsha ubhaqo. inkqubo Hydroacoustic nge iziqinisekiso eliphezulu isidanga ngokulula ufumane indawo ye K-162 (K-222). Le meko nzima ingxolo eliphezulu "Anchar".

Kwaphuhliswa anti-ngwenya moya. Xa kukho isiphango, "whale" Ulwandle (oomatiloshe Soviet zibiza kunye ngesikhephe briskness ebizwa ngokuba "izikhokeli") okuba basinde na. Kubonakala, ukusetyenziswa, eyaqala ngo-2008 - isiganeko eqhelekileyo. Uluntu kusungulwe umatshini motion ongunaphakade. Wonke umntu uza azisalungiseki. Kodwa lowo intshatsheli kuphela, ngubani ube museum impumelelo yoyilo, zobunjineli. Not usindiswe.

bylem yene

K-222 baya ezilahliweyo nomenzi ukhuko umhlwa okanye ubudala. Kwaye le ngwenya, baxhotyiswa nenkqubo "yiSigma-661" (vseshirotnaya), "rada-1", "Nichrome" (into kuchaziwe bobabo kwimeko ethile), inkqubo sonar yenethiwekhi "Ruby"! Ukuba ndimaphule - hayi ukwakha ... Kukho uluvo namhlanje sandise ukuthandwa umkhokeli ekuyiwa emangalisayo.

Emva kokuba ubukho elide imfihlelo ezithile "wathi" eninzi izinto ezinomdla yokuhlala enzima bakhe ngwenya kakhulu ezinamandla. Akukho imimangaliso emininzi kangaka, njengoko kubonakala. Abathandi art bakholelwa ukuba "Anchar" wayengomnye izinto ezininzi engaqhelekanga kunye nezimo. izakhiwo Amava titanium isasetyenziswa nangoku kwezinye izicelo (685, 705, 945, 945A, kunye nabanye.) Yaye "neametiste" enomjukujelwa isekhona luncedo kwizikhephe "Skat" (wakha phantsi iprojekthi 670).