Isemoyeni An-2 iinkcukacha, injini, cabin, isantya, photo nexabiso

Lo matshini waba ezininzi abachasi kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kwemfazwe. An-2 indiza lixesha nokuba ke, xa abasemagunyeni aphezulu Aviation wayengazi yabo indlela ukukhangela ubugcisa bale mihla. Biplane with "ekudambiseni" impumlo kunye braces ubonakale oyidingayo ezidlulileyo pre-imfazwe, wakhumbuza of ngamaplanga U-2, kunye naye ngoko nangoko "wanamathela" isiqhulo "corncob" kusisithuko (i ndimyeke moya uqeqesho oluncinane provoevavshy yonke iminyaka emine enzima kwi ngaphambili). Ngubani wayesazi ukuba lo moya ayithandeki kunabo yagxekwa, yaye ixesha elide ...

Antonovskaya umbono

Oleg Konstantinovich isemoyeni benza kuphuhliso zothutho emoyeni. Esi sihloko yayize kuye kumgaqo ngaphandle. Attack moya, ekuhlaseleni kunye abalwa ngexesha lemfazwe babekhathazekile abayili owaba ubutyebi amava ekudaleni izixhobo zomkhosi, zaba sisiseko mvume zoPhapho PS-84 (eyaziwa ngokuba Li-2, amaxwebhu kunye nezixhobo zemveliso zaye zathengwa eUnited States banesifo). Isemoyeni, umfana (kancinane kwama-30), inxaxheba neziwuza emoyeni ezahlukeneyo umthamo. Kunyaka ngaphambi kwemfazwe, ecetywayo-moya kwase AN-2. Ukucacisa azenzi ulawulo umdla, kunye nesezantsi isantya biplane yabonakala malovmestitelnym. Oleg isemoyeni wabuyela kuyilo ebikhona wobugcisa, kodwa musa ukulibala malunga umbono wabo.

ukuqaliswa

Ngo-1945 urhulumente waseSoviet wayiqaphela progressiveness agroobrabotki aerosredstvami kwenziwa. Zivelise imbewu processing iikhemikhali usebenzisa ndiza ivamile eMelika, kwaye zonke ubuchwepheshe obubalaseleyo lo monakalo post-imfazwe ifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo, kukho lobunzima kweli lizwe. Ukongeza, i moya encinane esikwaziyo ephethe neshumi elinesibini abantu okanye imithwalo ngetoni okanye emibini, yaye imeyile, yaye phantse kuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho, ingakumbi ukuba ukukhonza kwiindawo ezikude. iimfuno ezisisiseko ukuba umatshini omtsha eziye zavela kule ngokwemiqathango yamagunya: kufuneka awasuse kwiisayithi ningekalungi, ukuba akwazi ukusebenza ezininzi zemozulu olubanzi. Isondlo akufuneki ukuba ubuchwepheshe ekhethekileyo. Kakade ke, kufuneka kubekho umsebenzi ethembekileyo lula. Zonke ezi mfuno ziyangqinelana ngokupheleleyo AN-2, nekopi yokuqala owazeka angabikho naseNovosibirsk endle zeemvavanyo ngo-1947. Lo mbono iminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo iye isetyenziswe.

Made in the USSR

Iminyaka emihlanu, lo moya senziwa omncinane (ubuncinane kuba USSR) amanani, iziqwenga babengamakhulu nje ambalwa. Emva kokuba 'uyise abantu "lokufa N. S. Hruschev, awonisa iqela elo lizwe liye lasungula ukwanda imveliso ye kulo matshini. An-2 moya ungena ingqiqo kwesicelo jikelele kwamachiza kunye nophuhliso kwezolimo, phambi ezimisela umsebenzi olubonakala 'ukubamba up zikufumane "lelaa ehlabathini iphambili USSR - eUnited States. isiseko Production ekuqaleni Kiev Inombolo Aviation izityalo 437. iinguqulelo Ezolimo-ngqo kwi salathiso "M" yakhiwa Dolgoprudny. Ukuze ukumangala O. K. Antonova, abakhweli babe phantse injongo ephambili An-2. iimpawu zobugcisa moya ayikho intuthuzelo "buffeting" sendiza umthwalo kulindeleke ngenxa 'uphahla' ephantsi, hayi kuthi. I elingaphakathi baxhotyiswe ngendlela elula, sibeka ecaleni emacaleni kunokuba izitulo emxinwa. ithandwa kangaka of yokuluka yakhe jikelele indalo wathi tartly ngokwaneleyo, embiza "tin unako na enamaphiko." Noko ke, umfanekiso An-2 kunye Aeroflotovskie "amaphiko", le nasemkhenkceni kufuphi Iiyurt Chukchi, kwimvelaphi ezintabeni, okanye nje endle yezolimo, ubesakubutha kwi eendaba yiSoviet loo minyaka. Ixabiso itikiti wayethobekile, maxa wambi engange ezintathu andizele kwiziko lesithili eselumelwaneni, intuthuzelo ukungafuni elidumileyo, kodwa abantu babethetha "Annushka 'ezishushu kakhulu.

Intombazana ngo ...

De-1963 i-An-2 kuphela moya eSoviet. Ngowe-1958 ngamaxwebhu imveliso yalo intsebenziswano epheleleyo yobusoshiyali wehlabathi wanika ePoland, ngokuthe ngcembe uyekelelo mveliso eSoviet baqalisa ukuba lungasebenzi. inkampani Polish PZL-Mielec wabeka "phezu iphiko" phantse 12 lamawaka biplanes, leyo zithengwa becala eSoviet Union (ngaphezu kwama-10,000). Imigaqo unikezelo kwi "kwilizwe wembali 'ezazichazwa kwangaphambili, yaye izixhobo abaseleyo zasetyenziswa kumazwe yali kunye neminye imimandla umhlaba, apho wayeyixabisa lo moya ikhethekileyo.

oomatshini isemoyeni Design Bureau awongwa e-China. Kukho kakhulu ukuvelisa AN-24 kwi-mvume (wafumana index Y-7) kunye An-2 (Y-5). Inani lilonke eveliswa ehlabathini, "Annushka" iimeko ngaphaya ishumi elinesibhozo lamawaka, 2012 kuzo zikwimeko entle zobugcisa khona iziqwenga 2300. An-2 moya ngokutsho Guinness Book of World - mvume osindileyo-irekhodi, yavelisa ngaphezu kwamashumi ngaphezu ezintandathu.

Xa eqeqesha "Annushka"

Zonke pilot abanamava yokuba ulingo biplane (ngokuzenzekelayo, inkulu), phawula "hexa" zalo ezahlukileyo. Le ndawo umphezulu isalamane enkulu ephethe phantse ishenxisa lo mhlola krakra njenge "svalivaemost". Kunye nomoya ku-50 km / h An-2 Kusenokwenzeka "akuxhome spot", phezulu kwindawo esisigxina zomhlaba. Oku kukhokelela ubuchule ukucwangcisa ikwimo icinyiwe okanye injini kakuhle. Simple, kodwa-yenzelwe kakuhle kakhulu waqhekeza, ezifanayo nezo zisetyenziswa ngeelori, ukunciphisa bahlule emva kokwehla, yaye iimfuno moya lunemiqathango kakhulu. An-2 Cab intuthuzelo ezizodwa ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kunjalo tofotofo, nabaqhubi zimbini ngokusondeleyo sithuba saneleyo. Injengokubengezela uye uqikelelo ukwenzela ukuphucula ukubonakala.

ongakhetha kukho

Kwisisu semoto ayenziwanga icocwe, leyo, Kakade ke, nayo le ngongoma ashukimisayo lwembono, okubi, kodwa egqibeleleyo ngokwemiqathango kukuthembeka. kwimpompo womoya ungakwenza, ngaphandle kokushiya indawo ngaphambili, kukho isiguquli eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Ukongeza namasondo eqhelekileyo ezikwesi sihlomelo rhoqo enyusiweyo nasemkhenkceni ukuze ukusebenza ebusika okanye iimeko arctic okanye eYafo ezizodwa efana izikhephe, kayaks, Bulelani apho moya ajike hydroplane.

Bembethe isixhobo ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kokufaka, ngaphandle impompo kwamafutha, ekwaziyo yetha ukusuka imiphanda ngqo kwiitanki.

Ukusetyenziswa An-2

Ezo elula zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza wenza lo moya sele kwiimeko ezininzi. Kuye isetyenziswe njenge laboratory ephaphazelayo, yezigulane umoya, ezinamaphiko, truck umlilo. Ngaba ukuthandwa omkhulu An-2 kwi iiklabhu Aero, Iimbaleki ezininzi parachute wenza jump yabo yokuqala, yena wangena ucango oluvulekileyo ye biplane. version uye wadala ukuba isaveyi kwesimo kwemozulu endlwaneni olongezelelweyo empennage phambi tyaba. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, lo moya unako kuguqulwa-moya ukuhlasela ultra-ukukhanya, ngokumxhoma Nursi kunye iibhombu. Yena, ke, kuya kuba nesezantsi isantya, kodwa ngokuchanileyo liya kubonelela kwizikrelemnqa.

iimpawu

Flight nokusebenza kwale Umshini kangangokuba ukuza kuthi ga kwezinye iimeko, akukho moya replacement AN-2. iimpawu Technical kulo kwaye namhlanje kakhulu elungileyo ukuba iklasi izithuthi ukukhanya. Uhambo Weight -. Iitoni 5.5 kunye payload 1.5 isithuba tonnes awayisungulela impahla ubude elilinganiselweyo 1.8 m, 1.6 m ububanzi, 4.1 m yokuhlala elide Normal -. 12. Ukusuka ground ngokwaneleyo pad eemitha 235 ubude, nangenxa lokutyala - 10 leemitha ngaphantsi. Yophahla - 4200, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo lipasisa ebhabhela phansi. Le AN-2 isantya ingami yi-180 km / h, ubuninzi ufikelela 235 km / h (umthwalo opheleleyo). Lo matshini inokubhabha non-stop phantse ophosa.

iingxaki zale mihla

Nabani na, nkqu mzekelo ngempumelelo ubugcisa, yalupheleyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Akukho ngaphandle kunye AN-2. Iimpawu Kuhle, kodwa iimfuno zethu ngexesha le mveliso itshintshile. Ngelo xesha xa gazvoda eziqhelekileyo zibiza ngaphezu ipetroli, tu ihlawulwe ingqalelo encinane. Oku yaqhubeka ixesha elide, kodwa ke nokonyuka kwamaxabiso iimveliso zepetroliyam yabangela ukuba aphinde.

Injini isemoyeni yase-2 isiBeki, tysyachesilny, oluthembekileyo kakhulu, kodwa ke ifuna okhethekileyo ... ipetroli, jet, kuyabiza. Kwaye ke kuselelwe kuyo elikhulu kakhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, ingakumbi e-Canada nase-United States olu hlobo ntaka akuvumelekanga. Noko ke, abaqokeleli kwaye kukho ukulungele ukufumana i An-2. Ixabiso kwesiqingatha sesigidi engange kunye ngasentla aziyi kuyeka abo bafuna ukufumana ulonwabo lokwenene ukuba ulingo "moya iidiliya."

ulutsha yesibini AN-2

CB O. K. Antonova wayengomnye bokuqala ukufaka iinjini turbine ujije uthutho kunye ezithwala. Ezi eziluncedo ezininzi: amafutha - separafini, ukuthembeka ophezulu, ukusebenza, ukuncitshiswa ingxolo. Kule amahlanu, i-ofisi yoyilo unikezele ukwenza inguqulelo ye An-2, mayixhotyiswe turboprop (kwiinqwelo-nenjini injini), kodwa iinkokheli iinzame kushishino lweenqwelo bakhetha ukuthumela kwiiprojekthi eziphambili iinqanawa zodidi medium of, ukuba ibekwe endaweni Il-14 Li-2, owayesebenza ngelo xesha zonke iindlela zengingqi. Ukongeza, ubukhulu efanelekileyo iinjini ngelo xesha engalunganga. Kodwa ngasekupheleni-70 iingcali injini evela eOmsk wakha HPT-20, kufanelekile ukuba "Annushka". Ngowe-1990 waba wayekulungele AN-3, kunye engenayo ukulawula phantse ngokupheleleyo i "ilifa" yi AN-2, kodwa a powerplant eyahlukileyo. Kolu thotho, akazange aye, iingxaki zoqoqosho kumthwalo. Le projekthi yaqalwa ngo-1997, ufaka avionics mihla. Le ndawo nathembisayo ngokwala maxesha "Annushek" njenge "remotoring" moya ukugcina ubuncinane isiqingatha-sempilo.

Imisebenzi kweli cala aphantsi indlela eUkraine, apho kusetyenziswe injini MS-14 "Motor isinxibelelanisi". Kukho enye indlela (naseNovosibirsk) Ukuphuculwa biplane eziziingangamsha, ibandakanya lofakelo injini American Honeywell kaThixo mihla. Le ukuguqulwa ogama AN-2ms.

Kuzo zonke ezi meko, ukufakelwa kwe-injini elisombulula ingxaki ingxolo, ngokugqithiseleyo amafutha kwaye iqinisekisa eli ligatya le "100" brand zepetroli ezibizayo. Kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo, i AN-2 - imoto enkulu. Kukho isizathu ukucinga ukuba uza kuba ubomi obude esibhakabhakeni phezu emahlathini, amasimi kunye nemizi.