Nitrate Chilean: ifomula kunye neepropati. nitrate ifomula Chemical

izinto Uphando lwakutshanje nga ukuvula amathuba amatsha kubo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa izicelo eziphambili. Umzekelo, kwezolimo kukho amakhulu izichumisi ezahlukeneyo ukunceda izityalo zezityalo ekukhuleni kwezityalo fruiting. Nje enye kwezi a nitrate Chilean, leyo yavulwa kwinkulungwane XVIII.

izihloko Izithethantonye

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo into enye maxa wambi luphawulwa yonke uthotho lamagama ezahlukeneyo. Eneneni abanye abantu ekhaya, lo gama ezinye zivela iidipozithi, imithombo yesithathu eyiyo iikhemikhali nokuhlelwa of iikhompawundi.

Le nto yenzeka nge mba. nitrate Chilean unawo izithethantonye zilandelayo igama:

• sodium nitrate;
• sodium nitrate;
• soda nitrate;
• sodium nitrate;
• nitronatrit.

Ngamnye kubo ibonisa naluphi na ulwazi malunga nalo mba. Umzekelo, sodium nitrate, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze bathi ezimbaxa, yaye ke ngoko kubonisa uya kuba yintoni na nitrate ifomula imichiza. Ulwazi olufanayo basinike ezinye ntonye. Igama elithi "Chile" liyichaza ngokucacileyo eyona mithombo iphambili le dipozithi bezimbiwa.

nitrate ifomula Chemical

Ukwakheka elemental zenkqunto luphawulwa macandelo alandelayo: a-atom sodium, omnye nitrogen atom kunye athom ezintathu neoksijini. Ngoko ke, sinokugqiba ukuba zombini kwinqanaba eekhemikhali umbono uya kukhangela ngathi nitrate Chilean. Ifomula iya makabhalwe nano _3. Ipesenti ubume ezisemgangathweni iya kubonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 26/16/58% ngokulandelelana.

Crystal isakhiwo emkhusaneni beemolekyuli sodium nitrate yi rhombohedrons trigonal. Ezi athom oxygen ziyajongwa ngokwamaqela ezijikeleze nitrogen esembindini, bamgcine intsebenziswano covalent malunga ezibandayo. Ngaloo abunjwe elinye ion _NO-3 ^- ekuthiwa ukuba abaseleyo asidi. Ngoko kwinkalo zangaphandle kakuhle ityala sodium zesiqinisekiso Na ^+. Ngoko ke, phakathi amasuntswana oppositely ityala, bethandana electrostatic. Ngenxa yoko zokubumba i iqhina ionic.

Crystal uhlobo iyafana naleyo feldspar (calcite). Ngoko ke, isakhiwo onjalo kuphela nitrate Chilean. Ifomula imichiza imele nje ezimbini iintlobo neentambo kwemichiza kule molecule:

• covalent polar;
• ion.

Kwakhona zibonwa ngokucacileyo ukuze neentambo atomic kwi molecule, ngokulula ngokunjalo ifomula ukubala valency kunye karhulumente igcwala njengoko athom kunye ion.

Iklasi of anemichiza

Phakathi khompawundi ezingaphiliyo kukho ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, bonke bephela lungohlulwa lube kwiiklasi ngokwendlela ukubonisa iimpawu kunye neempawu zesakhiwo kunye nesakhiwo eziphilayo.

Akukho ngaphandle kunye nitrate Chilean. Formula nano ₃ ubonisa ukuba umchiza - esiveza nitric ityuwa acid. Isiqalelo setyuwa, nto leyo iquka zesiqinisekiso metal kwealkali kukho amasalela asidi enye arhente oxidizing zinamandla.

Ngaloo ndlela sinako ngokukodwa ukuqinisekisa elinxulumene nitrate Chilean - iklasi ka ezingaphiliyo iityuwa eliphakathi.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Ngokutsho parameters ukwimo lowo ichazwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo.

1. Enemibala, maxa wambi bulubhelu nokuba zifuna ukuba ngqombela ithinti grey oluqinileyo crystalline.
2. Le ziikristale luqulathe isakhiwo elide, inaliti-like.
3. Esha.
4. Incasa neze, izinto kakhulu enetyuwa.
5. Iqondo lobushushu yokunyibilika ngu 308 ^C.
6. Xa utshiwe ngaphezu 380 ^{° C,} ke, njengazo zonke nitrate, nitrate Chilean abole ukwakha nayitrayithi intsimbi kunye neoksijini.
7. Amanzi iyachithakala kakuhle ngokwaneleyo (at 100 ^C 176 grams yetyuwa, ^kwi-0 ° C malunga 77 grams).
8. Kwakhona ke iyachithakala ngokwaneleyo kakuhle ammonia kunye hydrazine, kwaye kukho nesinyibilikisi zendalo ezifana ethanol, methanol okanye pyridine ukunyibilika kunciphisa kabukhali.
9. Xa unyango ezithile isiba umonakalo, kodwa ukusebenzisa nitrate kunzima ngenxa elungileyo kakhulu hygroscopic.

Ukuqwalasela i parameter yokugqibela, sodium nitrate agcinwe kwiingxowa zeplastiki ngokuqinileyo etywiniweyo, musa ukufunxa ukufuma. Unako ukufumana nitrate kuzo iingqayi iglasi emnyama kunye bavimbe emhlabeni. The main imeko - uthango ekukhanyeni ngokugqithiseleyo, nobushushu nokufuma. Ukuba yonke imiqathango ithotyelwe, iyeza igcina crispness koma, le ziikristale zincinci.

iipropati chemical

Njengoko sele sibonile ngaphambili, i-nitrate Chilean - udidi iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo, nezaziwa iityuwa. Iipropati zemichiza iya kumiselwa kweli phawu ethile.

1. ikhono oxidative Imiboniso lokunxibelelana kunye nonmetals (isalfure, carbon). Ukusabela sivavanywe ngokushushubeza lo mxube.
2. Ibola kwiqondo lobushushu ngentla 380 ° ^C.
3. Uyaxabana uhlobo abelane nabanye iityuwa ngenkcenkce, xa wabona ulawulo Berthollet indlela (eboniswe igesi okanye kwenze kuyilwa into malodissotsiiruemoe).

Ukuba iimpawu chemical ikakhulu achaze iimpawu zokusetyenziswa sodium nitrate.

Industry ukulungiselela

Kukho iindlela eziliqela, nto leyo kunokubangela kukwenziwa sodium nitrate.

1. intsebenziswano ngqo sodium metal kwealkali kunye oxidant (nitric acid). Isiphumo yokusabela endaweni, nitrate kuyilwa yabelwa igesi nitrogen, kwenitrojeni, II kunye nam, amanzi.
2. Reaction phakathi oxide sodium kunye ne-nitric acid. It wafumana sodium nitrate kunye namanzi.
3. Intsebenziswano ye soda okanye sodium hayidroksayidi kunye kwenitrojeni I no II (umxube igesi oxide yaziwa).
4. Unxibelelwano exchange phakathi calcium nitrate kunye sodium sulfate. Ngenxa yoko kwenze calcium sulfate kunye nitrate isisombululo kakuhle emanzini.
5. Enye indlela elebhu - indlela phakathi nitrate Ammonium kunye nesoda kwealkali okanye baking.
6. Kuyasetyenziswa indlela elebhu - intsebenziswano exchange phakathi indlela nitrate yesilivere (ngokuqhelekileyo lilitye lesafire) kunye ityuwa rock eqhelekileyo, ngamanye sodium chloride.
7. indlela Industrial okanye ubuchule esetyenziswa imigodi - into ukuhluzeka kuloko crystallization ekuhambeni iidipozithi, leyo iqhutywa indlela miso.

Njengoko namhlanje - nto zonke iindlela apho kunokwenzeka ukuze ufumane imali eyaneleyo sodium nitrate.

Production kunye zasendle

eziphambili Le iidipozithi ukwimo ngawo:

• Chile;
• Ntshonalanga Afrika;
• California.

azikho kwezinye iindawo sisityebi kangaka kumxholo compound. Eyona omkhulu intengiso ukuthunyelwa izinto ekrwada usoloko izibandakanye Chileans. Oku kungenxa elinye lamagama sodium Nitrate.

nitrate Chilean ngowona mthombo nitrogen nezityalo, ukususela kwindawo yayo ephambili isicelo ngokwembali lusekiwe - kwezolimo, apho isebenze njengesichumisi.

izicelo

Kuba okokuqala le nezichumiso ichiza wonder laziwa ngo-1825. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli nitrate iye akafunyanelwanga umthengi wahlala esikhohlakeleyo. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, kwakusetyenziswa ukuba ukuncedisa kwesityalo okokuqala kwaye zezo iziphumo. Ukususela ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso iye wangena mass. Ngo-1870 liye lafikelela neetoni ezili-150 lamawaka ngonyaka!

Namhlanje, ezolimo ayikho indawo kuphela apho nitrate eyimfuneko Chilean. Ukusetyenziswa iye kakhulu kwandiswa imida yayo.

1. Njengoko ukubola lwenyama neemveliso kwishishini kokutya.
2. okubonakalayo ekuveliseni ngumgubo abamnyama kunye nezinye iziqhushumbisi.
3. imboni Metal.
4. Production ezaqanjwa zokugcina ubushushu.
5. Ekwenziweni yeglasi.
6. Ukuze kuveliswe umxube saltpeter - refrigerant ityuwa indalo.
7. Le propellant.
8. Iimveliso pyrotechnic.

Kucacile ukuba isicelo sodium Nitrate kakhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ixesha elide iye wahlala phantse umthombo kuphela Yindibanisela nitric acid. Namhlanje, ngenxa yale njongo ke ayisendim kusetyenziswa, ekubeni acid lukhutshwe iindlela ezizezinye zokwenziwa.