Igazi kakhulu: Oonobangela

Ukonakala ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini, makwazeke abaninzi. Into yokuba zonke izicwili umzimba zifuna amandla ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imali eyaneleyo ioksijini ezifunekayo iiseli. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi inyama kunye nentliziyo ebuchotsheni. Ukunqongophala oxygen iiseli kuvandlakanywa kwegazi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kwesi sifo. Ezinye zibangelwa yi bekhubazekile, ngoxa abanye babe ngenxa ukwaphulwa ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, isibaluli esisisiseko zonke kwegazi kukunqongophala haemoglobin egazini. Ngu zokubonisa kwesi sifo yayanyaniswa pallor, utshintsho parameters elebhu kunye namaqumrhu hypoxia.

Yintoni igazi?

Igazi - isifo kwenkqubo hematopoietic, ngenxa yokunqongophala mpilo. Ngokwesiqhelo, le protini kufuneka kugcinwe kwinqanaba elithile (120-140 g / l kwabasetyhini, umlinganiselo amadoda - 140-160). Kusilela in ngehemoglobin kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Enoba kutheni kwakukho anaemia, oko kukhokelela kwimo hypoxia. Eneneni, ihemoglobin ifunelwa zothutho oxygen onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo. Ngoko, ukungabi oko kukhokelela into yokuba iiseli basilela O _2. Kuba uhlobo ngasinye kwegazi uphawuleka zabo zemifanekiso lwezonyango kunye zaselebhu data yayo. Kodwa athwala zaneleyo egazini isoloko sifo. Amaninzi, ianemia kurhanelwa phambi iimpawu ezifana pallor kulusu nokudinwa. Esi sifo kuqhelekile kakhulu phakathi abafazi abakhulelweyo. Ukuhla omncane ngehemoglobin kwiimeko ezininzi ingeyongozi kwaye lula yalungiswa ukutya kunye namayeza. igazi kakhulu ingakhokelela yanyhashwa. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba ukunika uncedo olungxamisekileyo ngenxa yakhe.

Ebukhulwini kwegazi

3 Nika amandla kwegazi. Ahluke ntetho zonyango kunye ezahlukeneyo kwinqanaba mpilo egazini. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Anaemia sandla wobulali. kule step isiqulatho haemoglobin ka 120-90 g / L. Le ngezifo luphawulwa iingxaki ezincinane hemodynamic. Kwezinye iimeko, loo nto ayithethi ukuzibonakalisa. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho isiyezi, sinciphise uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukwanda izinga intliziyo, ukuba nesiyezi.
2. Igazi ubungqongo oluphakathi. Kweli nqanaba, isixa haemoglobin ilingana 90-70 g / l. Iimpawu ucaca ngakumbi. Okungakanani niphele, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo kunye nokucinga, ukozela.
3. Anaemia aqine kakhulu liyasetyenziswa kwinqanaba mpilo ngezantsi 70 g / l. Kuyingozi ukuba urhulumente umzimba. Oku kukhokelela yokuwa zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kukunqongophala ngokukhawuleza oksijini.

Iintlobo igazi kakhulu: yokuhlela

igazi kakhulu ukuze aphuhlise kwisiqalo yazo naziphi na iintlobo esi sifo. Loo isifo senziwa ngokuzimeleyo unobangela ngezifo. Isibaluli kubonakaliswa athwala ngentsilelo - ngaphantsi kwe-70 g / l. Noko ke, ukuba ukwahlula enye kwenye uhlobo kwegazi ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngapha koko, le ukhetho unyango ixhomekeke. Ucalulo kwezifo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ukungabikho mpilo okubangelwa deficiency yentsimbi (Ida). Olu hlobo esi sifo kwenzeka qho ngaphezu kwabanye. Oku kubangelwa malabsorption ngentsimbi okanye inani eliphantsi lwesi sakhi kunye nokutya.
2. Xa _{igazi-12 ezinqabileyo} kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa vitamin intswelo. Idla eyenzeka kubantu abanengxaki gastritis esinganyangekiyo.
3. igazi Aplastic sinzima. Oku kubhekisela ezimbi angaphakathi.
4. igazi Hemolytic. Le ngezifo kubhekwa isifo samathambo. Kunokuba abe naso okanye lufundiwe.
5. Fanconi igazi kakhulu. Isifo ibhekisa bekhubazekile kwinkqubo hematopoietic.

igazi kakhulu: Ubangela Pathology

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungakanani kunye uhlobo, ianemia, zange kubonakala ngokwayo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukuze uqale unyango leengxaki, kuyimfuneko ukwazi oko kwadala sifo. Eyona ixhaphakileyo anemia ayoni yinto kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. inani elingonelanga lweemveliso eziyimfuneko. Oku kubhekisela kutya zizityebi yentsimbi. Iimveliso eziqulathe le element - le nyama, isibindi, nomrharnate, ama-apile, etc ...
2. Malabsorption yesinyithi emathunjini. Yenzeka ngenxa yokusilela ngenxa enqanda okanye izifo ezingapheliyo le lokugaya.
3. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukopha. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ukuqokelela imbali yamanina (ixesha kunye esexesheni enzima), ufumanise ukuba hemorrhoids na. Ngenxa yezi zifo bavame anemia ezingapheliyo eziqatha. ukopha Acute ukuba luthe kwingxaki lwesifo Peptic isilonda, ukuqina kwesibindi, pregnancy, apoplexy ovarian kunye cyst komsipha.
4. Walimala.

_{I-anaemia-12 ezinqabileyo} kwenzeka xa izifo zesisu (ezingapheliyo gastritis atrophic), iziko resection ngenxa ezimbi umhlaza egqojozwe isilonda.

Ezinye izinto ezibangela mpilo intswelo - naso kunye samathambo nokutshatyalaliswa igazi ihlumelo elibomvu, hemolysis (intshabalalo) iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Indlela yophuhliso igazi kakhulu

Kutheni ukuphuhlisa igazi kakhulu? Oku kwenzeka kakhulu xa isigulane akuthethi uqaphele utshintsho ezenzeka kwi ukuswela engavezwanga mpilo. amaninzi kakhulu into enjalo ibonakala ukulahleka egazini ezigulo ezondeleyo. Njengoko umzimba womntu kokuba uqhele i "hypoxia" gqolo, uyahlawulwa ezahlukeneyo iindlela (ukwanda umsebenzi intliziyo). Ida liphuhlisa ngenxa deficiency yentsimbi. Ngenxa yoko kwemolekyuli haemoglobin akhiwa kule mali efunekayo. Xa kwi iivithamini anemia _{12-ezinqongopheleyo} aziboniswanga wendele phecana zesisu. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokukrala okanye ilungu resection. igazi kakhulu kuxhaphakile iintlobo iziphene kwesi sifo. Baba ngenxa luhlaza kunye hematopoiesis. A isixa esikhulu izihlunu adipose lufumaneka umongo wethambo.

Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango igazi kakhulu

Xa ukuwa kwinqanaba haemoglobin ngezantsi 70 g / l kwafunyaniswa degree kakhulu sifo. Kulo mzekelo, neendlela zembuyekezo zingekho ndawo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ioksijini ukunqongophala ziviwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo ukwakha:

1. pallor Severe.
2. ukwazi kwamehlo. Xa igazi kakhulu bangafumana ukozela, ingatyhafi.
3. imenyu wegazi.
4. Iyangongoza.
5. Nesiyezi.
6. ubuthathaka obukhulu. Kule meko, abantu abakwazi ukufumana nokuphuma ebhedini, xa ephakamisa intloko kukho nesiyezi, niphele kunokwenzeka.
7. Ukuphelelwa umoya.

Ukuba akukho xesha, ukuze angafundisi nokusebenza kwamalungu ebalulekileyo kunye neenkqubo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oko sivame ukusilela etsolo kwezintso, ukothuka cardiogenic.

Anaemia ekukhulelweni: features

Anaemia ibhekisa iimpawu ezidla akhalaze abafazi abakhulelweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ukongeza emzimbeni kamama, ioksijini kusafuneka okungakumbi yaye umntwana. Ngenxa nokubonakala i zethala ezongezelelweyo (beendawo) sivame ukuncipha mpilo. Ngako oko, icandelo eqhelekileyo yokukhulelwa - 110 g / l. Kunye nokwehla okukhulu kwinqanaba haemoglobin kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunika uncedo olungxamisekileyo. igazi kakhulu ekukhulelweni kuyingozi hayi nje kuphela ngenxa unina kodwa ngenxa umntwana. Amaninzi yenzeka ngenxa iingxaki ezifana abruption placental okanye ukuphuphuma kulogo. Ngoko ke, xa kwimeko ukopha ukusuka iphecana zangasese kufuneka ngoko nangoko ubize ugqirha.

Iimpawu sokuxilonga kwegazi

Ukuze wenze isifo, "anaemia", kwanele ukuba ukujonga uvavanyo lwegazi. izifo ezimandundu ambona kumphakamo mpilo ngezantsi 70 g / l. Iimpawu Clinical ziquka pallor, nokuphungulwa uxinzelelo lwegazi, tachycardia, isiyezi, kunye niphele. Soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho igazi kakhulu, ukulahleka igazi. Ukuchonga unobangela ukuhla kwinqanaba ihemoglobin, kuyimfuneko ukuba babambe uthotho nemvavanyo zaselaborathri. Kuba lokufunyaniswa ayoni anemia ucazululo zengqo- igazi. Ngelo xesha kukho utshintsho ezifana ukunciphisa izinga zesinyithi serum kunye nokwanda TIBC. Kuba lokufunyaniswa ezinye iintlobo kwegazi kufuneka wenze uhlalutyo ngemikroskopu igazi neencindi fluid. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho empontshwa.

Ziziphi izifo umahluko igazi kakhulu?

Kwezinye iimeko, igazi syndrome uyaqapheleka izifo kwinkqubo hematopoietic wesibindi. athwala Ukwehla ihamba phantse yonke umhlaza ngezifo. Eli imihlaza yegazi ngakumbi okwenyaniso - wegazi. Ukwahlula kwegazi kunokuba ukutshintsha nezinye iparameters kwi pat. Ezi ziquka: Amanqanaba yehlise zegazi kunye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ESR lunikezelo. Kwakhona, kukho umahluko kulo mfanekiso lwezonyango (fever ephantsi-grade, iindawo nkovu idumbile). syndrome siyagula ndikho esibindini kwesibindi, kohlobo. Kuba lokufunyaniswa kwezi ezimbi yenzelwa ultrasound esiswini, iimvavanyo ezizodwa elebhu.

igazi kakhulu: unyango lwesifo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba oonobangela kwegazi xa imfuneko enkulu yokuba igazi okanye iiseli ezibomvu wapakisha. Ukongeza, uthomalaliso nomqondiso. Kwimeko zokugxojwa electrolyte eseleyo amalungiselelo saline elawulwa equlethe potassium. Ukuba unobangela kwegazi yaba ukopha, kuyimfuneko ukubamba likaxakeka yokungenelela yotyando. Ukongeza, unyango ngamachiza kwenziwa. Ngenjongo hemostatic ezilawulwa etamzilat isodiyam aminocaproic acid. Xa igazi aplastic kufuneka esinye umongo wethambo. Ukuba isizathu xana wa ha pfumala vitamin B _12, yabamba kwanonyango replacement ubomi.

Imiphumela igazi kakhulu

Kufuneka bazazi iingozi ezinokubangelwa igazi kakhulu. Imiphumo yale meko - kuba mothuko cardiogenic, ukusilela etsolo kwezintso, kwakunye ukuphazamiseka namanye amalungu abalulekileyo. Ezi iingxaki kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Ngoko ke, nokuba ukopha minor kwangoko kufuneka udibane nogqirha.