Emali - oku ... Oonobangela kunye neziphumo emali koqoqosho

Liphala emali - into eyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yaso nasiphi na ilizwe, yaye akukho namnye omzimba kuyo. Emali ngexesha elifanelekileyo "bayagula" phantse onke amazwe ehlabathini, nkqu nabo namhlanje iinkokeli njengenkqubo yoqoqosho yehlabathi.

Kweli nqaku siza kujonga kuphela unobangela emali, kodwa ifuthe layo kuqoqosho karhulumente.

Yintoni emali?

Kuqala kufuneka baqonde ukuba kwamanani ezo ngokubanzi.

Buthi, Ilizwi eli of imvelaphi Latin (inflatio - ukudumba). Le yinkqubo ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ukuba iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Xa abantu, ukuba nayo udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "uphelelo imali." Nge emali ngokuhamba kwexesha umntu ukuba inani elifanayo lemali bakwazi ukuthenga impahla eninzi.

Kufuneka kube nayiphi na ukunyuka elifutshane elide amaxabiso impahla ethile kuthiwa emali. Ngapha koko, le yinkqubo ixesha elide, nto leyo ibandakanya imarike yonke.

Isichasi kwamaxabiso yinkqubo ebizwa deflation kuqoqosho. Le ukuhla jikelele kwinqanaba amaxabiso kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. deflation elifutshane elide eliqhelekileyo kwaye lubonakala, njengoko umthetho, ixesha lonyaka. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ixabiso amaqunube ngoJuni kakhulu nesinokuba ukunciphisa ngenxa ubunzima abakhenkethi yayo yokuqokelela. Kodwa deflation ixesha elide - isenzeko kunokuba inqabile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umzekelo ezo kuchazwe deflation Japanese ngaphandle ngonyaka kwisithuba ekhulwini elinye.

iintlobo emali

Ithiyori kwezoqoqosho mihla kunika kwamaxabiso evulekileyo ezifihlakeleyo. Le yokugqibela ibe ngokuqhelekileyo amazwe kunye kuqoqosho umyalelo-ecwangcisiweyo (ingakumbi, kuba USSR), apho la zilawulwa ngokungqongqo ngurhulumente.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukunyuka kwemfuno kunye nonikezelo, elungelelanisiweyo esingangqinelaniyo, nenokuthekelelwa emali engalindelekanga. Noko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuhlelwa amandla iimpawu. Ngokwale typology, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokuqhelekileyo avelele:

• izilwanyana;
• liphala;
• kunye emali.

Njengezinambuzane (kakhulu azinabungozi) kwamaxabiso lubonakala ngokuba ukunyuka ngcathu amaxabiso (zingaphelanga ngaphezu kwe-10% ngonyaka). Ezinye iingcali wenza bakugqala uphuhliso entle, njengoko kukhuthaza uphuhliso ngakumbi kwamandla zemveliso. kwamanani enjalo ngokuqhelekileyo ilawulwa lula ngurhulumente, ke, nangaliphi na ixesha kukho umngcipheko lokuba iza kuya ikhula ibe kwemilo yayo lunzima kakhulu.

Ayagqabadul kwamandla emali kunye emali eziyingozi kakhulu kuqoqosho. Kule meko, urhulumente kufuneka athathe oluntsonkothileyo amanyathelo anti-kwamaxabiso.

Emali - le ...

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwale fomu emali?

Emali - kule meko kuqoqosho, nto leyo sikhatshwa ukunyuka eliphezulu kakhulu kwamaxabiso - ukususela 900% ukuya kwizigidi ekhulwini ngonyaka. Amaninzi, oko kukhokelela ukuwa olupheleleyo yorhwebo kunye nenkqubo-mali kweli lizwe kwaye lukhatshwa yokungabikho okukhulu ngokwethemba labemi ngohlobo lwemali kazwelonke.

Ngexesha emali, imali unako kwaye ifuna imisebenzi yayo engundoqo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo kude kangaka ukuba zikhona xa eli xesha imali unaniselwano indawo (ekuthiwa-unaniselwano). Okanye indima yabo edlalwa nayiphi na impahla yorhwebo (ezifana nje nisaqala zophuhliso loluntu). Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibe yeswekile okanye icuba. Ngamanye amaxesha emali kwilizwe kunye dollarization - xa currency kazwelonke (ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo) ngenkani ngaphandle zezimali ehlabathini kakhulu izinzile.

Emali - oku, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, kukho uhlobo sisalathisi iingxaki zoqoqosho nzulu sikarhulumente. Ngamanye amazwi, xa sisondela isifaniso kunye amayeza, asikuko "sifo" kakhulu, kodwa ke mnye kuphela zimpawu kabuhlungu kunye ezingemnandi. Ezinye iimpawu elinxulunyaniswa kuvela ingxaki enjalo ingaba phansi enkulu yabantu, imilinganiselo emininzi, engagqibekanga yamatyala lwangaphandle karhulumente, njalo njalo.

Izinto ezibangela emali kunye neziphumo zayo kuqoqosho

ngokufuthi oorhulumente izenzo nokubhala okanye mthetho ukudala na imiqathango yale meko. Xa urhulumente uzama ukuhlawula iindleko zabo ntsilelo mali kunye ngoncedo umba (amanqaku bank umba ezongezelelweyo), ezi zenzo ekuhambeni kwexesha ngokuyimfuneko kukhokelela emali. Ngapha koko, le eziprintiweyo imali exhaswa ngu yokwenene imveliso yorhwebo. Kakade ke, konke oku kuya kubandakanya nokonyuka kwamaxabiso, izinga leyo eza kuxhomekeka kwinani imali eziprintiweyo, kwakunye nezinye izinto.

Omnye unobangela olongezelelweyo emali nako ukurhoxiswa omkhulu kwemali evela ingeniso - efakwa ebhankini. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho, njengoko umthetho, baphawula into eyahlukileyo.

Yintoni ebangela emali? Phakathi yaso engundoqo - ukuhla jikelele kwimveliso, lokuhla imali, kwakunye ekuweni epheleleyo yenkqubo mali kweli lizwe.

Le mizekelo edume emali

Amazwe amaninzi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini abanamava emali. Nazi ezintathu kakhulu umzekelo irekhodi-kukwaphuka kulo mba kwimbali kuqoqosho lwehlabathi:

1. EZimbabwe, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi. izinga kwamaxabiso 230.000.000% ngonyaka ngamnye.
2. IHungary, 1946. izinga kwamaxabiso 42 quadrillion ekhulwini.
3. YiYugoslavia, ekupheleni kuka-1993. izinga kwamaxabiso 5 quadrillion ekhulwini.

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, lo mzekelo iphawulekayo emali luthathwa baseZimbabwe. Kwifoto ngezantsi - ihlelo odumileyo engamakhulu ezigidi Zimbabwe eerandi.

Ekuphetheni ...

Emali - uhlobo kwamaxabiso, nto leyo eye ngereyithi eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhula kwamaxabiso ngonyaka (ukusuka 900 ukuya izigidi pesenti ngonyaka). Ngokomzekelo, eZimbabwe, ngowe-2008, amaxabiso okutya anyuke ngesantya irekhodi - in sisiqingatha seyure.

Kwamandla emali kunye emali (ngakumbi) iye kuhamba anzongonzongo lobunzima kwezoqoqosho, imiphumo oko kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuba kwimo ethile.