Kuqoqosho Armenia esithi: iinkalo zophuhliso

NeArmenia ekuqaleni kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye yaba republic elincinane Transcaucasia, ephakathi imilambo Kura kunye Araks. karhulumente ndawo metres ngaphantsi kwama-30. M. m, kanti labemi -. malunga nezigidi ezi-3 zabantu.

iimpawu ezithile kuqoqosho Armenian

Iimpawu zoqoqosho Armenian kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

1. babenempembelelo enkulu kuyaqhubeka ukuba uqoqosho eSoviet, kunye amandla kunye nobuthathaka yayo. Kula mashumi Republic kuye kwaphucula kakhulu kwinqanaba kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ngayo ithathe amacandelo kuqoqosho USSR ezimbi waza waba yinxalenye kwendlela jikelele ukuba kusekho inganzima kakhulu-ntle eli lizwe.
2. uphuhliso impikiswano mihla (1992) ayiphumelelanga ukwenza kuqoqosho oluzinzileyo iphuhliswe kakhulu.
3. ingxenye Geographic. Uninzi Armenian - iintaba. imihlaba emikhulu yezolimo kweli lizwe bambalwa kakhulu, kwaye ukutya ihlala kakuhle abukhali.
4. imeko nzima neAfrika. Armenia ayinayo ukufikelela simahla elwandle, nangona ifumaneka phakathi Black kunye lweCaspian ziilwandle. kumazwe angabamelwane okanye babenobutshaba (Azerbaijan, Turkey) okanye kuye akukho umthambo kwizithuthi (Iran). Ngenxa yoku, ubudlelwane kumazwe-yokungenisa eziyintsinda yaye bade ayiphazamiseki.

iingxaki zoqoqosho

izizathu ezahlukeneyo ezikhokelela yokuba uqoqosho mihla Armenia (inkalo) olubi baqinisekisa ezabo izixhobo eziphathekayo ekrwada,%-20 kuphela, kunye ukwanda kushishino kwamashishini, ukuzilungisa izinto (a okwakufudula kusenzeka mandulo Soviet). Nangona ubukho sisimbiwa ezahlukeneyo, nezemarmore, rock ityuwa, ukuba anike iintlanga mboni awukwazi kwaye ikakhulu kusekelwe izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada. Kukho ukunqongophala kwezixhobo ukutya ngenxa yokungabikho komhlaba, kufuneka yokugubungela ukungenisa, kunokuba uthengise kushishino iimveliso. imeko neAfrika kukhokelela ukugqiba ukuxhomekeka amaqhina lwangaphandle zorhwebo, ababalulwa ngokohlobo amandla bodwa zothutho ngenxa iimeko ezingquzulanayo kwi Transcaucasia.

amazinga okukhula kwiminyaka yokuqala kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye

(. Kwi-1994-2017 biennium) Kumaxesha yakutshanje luphuhliso olungathethekiyo loqoqosho - phantse elinesihlanu amaxesha (billion-10 zeerandi). Nangona kunjalo, la manani enomtsalane zakhula, ngokuyintloko esebenzisa mboleko yonxulumano zemali yamazwe ngamazwe, utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kuqoqosho Armenian. Ukudluliswa kuphela zabucala neArmenia 2010 ifikelele isixa-mali esingaphezu ezigidi zeerandi, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba isiqingatha-mali karhulumente. Ngaphezu koko, kwafika phantse yonke imali Russian Federation.

utyalo Foreign kuqoqosho eArmenia ngowe-2009 yaba ukuya kwizigidi 4703,2 zeerandi. A umtyali phambili (isiqingatha isixa mali) kunye umniniyo lwangaphandle yaye uhlala Russia. Eyona intsimi kwemali zotyalo Russian enxulumene kushishino, ezemali, amajelo eendaba.

Kwangaxeshanye kukho utshintsho ngokwesahlulo kweendawo yoqoqosho Armenian. Kwi-post-eSoviet era share kwimizi-GDP wawa ukusuka 44% ukuya kwi-15%, lo gama isabelo lweenkonzo linyuke ukusuka kuma-25% ukuya 42% (nemiba iyonke GDP - ngezantsi kwigrafu). Lo mkhuba iqinisekisa uzinzo ombane kule kWh 5.5-6.3 billion, nangona uqoqosho weRiphabliki Armenia uyakhula. Okt amandla ukuvelisa amashishini kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo ngcembe yokwehla.

imboni

Industry of Armenia, kwakunye uninzi ziiriphabliki eyayisakuba yiSoviet, bafumana uzimele kuyo kwisigaba ukuhla elibukhali. Nangona emva kwexesha elithile kubekho ukunyuka kwemveliso mveliso, kodwa kwakubonakala kuphela xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka ntlekele edlulileyo. Production bhunxe sehla amaxesha amaninzi, yaye uninzi lweemveliso ngokubanzi uphazamiseka. Inani lilonke labasebenzi kunye iinjineli lancitshiswa izihlandlo ezihlanu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kombane kwiindawo zoshishino - phantse kathathu.

ukuziqhelanisa ongalawulekiyo yeemeko ezinzima kusenokukhokelela kwiinguqu ezibuhlungu zesakhiwo lula isakhiwo sesebe mboni. Isabelo ngaphambili namasebe eziphambili zobunjineli ukukhanya kushishino uwile ukusuka kuma-34% ukuya ku-24% ukuya 1.6% no-1.2%. Isabelo yokudla wavuka 16.3% ukuya kuma-52.9%. Percent kushishino metallurgical (ikakhulu semi - imixutywa yobhedu molybdenum) inyuke ukusuka 2.8% ukuya 19.9%.

imveliso yezolimo

Kwenziwe 1990 ekuqaleni. utshintsho kwezolimo baye iziphumo kunokuba ezibi, ubuncinane kwixesha elifutshane. iifama emikhulu ezazinawo, endaweni yazo akhiwa 340 lamawaka iifama ezincinane lezolimo labucala ikakhulu ezweni 1.4 hectares. umonakalo ebalulekileyo kwabangelwa kubume imveliso yezolimo.

Ngenxa nomthamo emxinwa lamakhaya seamed ezisemaphandleni kwinkulungwane xxi. evela entsimini lomsebenzi lezolimo ngaphandle nama-40% umhlaba yenkcubeko, iphele kakhulu indawo ziqhelekile inkcubeko Armenian. Phantse 50% yokunkcenkceshela yancitshiswa lwezolimo izihlandlo eziliqela lehla nokusetyenziswa kwezichumiso izimbiwa kunye zinambuzane, musa ukusebenzisa crop rotation. Kutshanje, ngenxa yokuthengiswa kwakhiwa ezinkulu zomhlaba ukuba yakhutshwa ngokupheleleyo imveliso, nangenxa abanini elandelayo, babuya yaba imveliso yorhwebo.

mboleko imali eninzi, uncedo loluntu buthathaka ukunciphisa ifuthe kwicandelo lezolimo, nto leyo eba amazwi yoqoqosho zendalo. Ngenxa unikezelo amahlwempu domestic of Armenia iimveliso ezithile kwaye ungenise eliphezulu evela phesheya, ukwanda komsebenzi kwicandelo lezolimo iya kuba ngumsebenzi ophambili kufutshane elizayo.

namanye amazwe

Eli candelo loqoqosho yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho Armenia. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane wamashumi amabini ananye, ingeniso yaba phantse 5.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka, kodwa ingxaki ngo-2008 kakhulu mandundu le meko. Ingeniso bawa phantse $ 1 billion. Phakathi yorhwebo ngaphezu kwama-60 eziphambili abahlobo ashishinayo Russia kunye Germany (39% kunye 21.5%, ngokulandelelana). Enye iqabane uhlala eUnited States, nangona ibalulekile kakhulu kakhulu.

Ingxaki ephambili namanye amazwe kukho intsilelo eliphezulu zorhwebo. Iintengo ezikhulayo ngezinga elikhulu izinga xa kuthelekiswa eziliqela izihlandlo kwamanye amazwe. Umnqweno ukutshintsha meko njengenye yeenketho ezingundoqo ekomelezeni uqoqosho elilungileyo kweli lizwe.

kwamatyala angaphandle

Ixesha latest iphawulwa ukunyuka okukhulu ityala likarhulumente lwangaphandle Armenia. Kangangeminyaka eli-15, ukusukela ku-1995 ukuya ku-2010, eli nani lenyuswa laya malunga likriwa 10 ukuya 3,495 billion zeerandi, no-44% ye-GDP. A isiseko kumazwe mxinwa kwaye imfuno yenkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo banyanzelwa ukuba ukwandisa rhoqo ityala lwangaphandle. iindleko ezizinzileyo iintlawulo kwamatyala ukuya ubunzima kwemfuneko uqingqo-mali.

Iindleko loluntu kuphuhliso Armenia

Kubonakala iindleko ebonakalayo kakhulu lwentlalo yophuhliso. Kwiminyaka yokuqala ukuzimela, inkoliso yabantu bafumana ngokwayo kwimeko enzima. Kuphela ngeli xesha, ngenxa yokuba ubomi nzima kunye nokunqongophala kwamathuba Armenia eziseleyo ngeenxa 700-750 amawaka. Abantu, okanye isihlanu yabemi.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-2010s. intlawulo Umyinge ifikelela $ 270 umntu ngamnye, yomhlalaphantsi - 80 zeerandi. 34% yabantu ingeniso engaphantsi kwe $ 85 ngenyanga. To Armenia yanamhlanje iphawulwa sisesisizwe esahluleleneyo apho kwenye uninzi kakhulu ulihlwempu, yaye kwelinye - an igcuntswana oligarchic.

Ngenxa inani elikhulu iingxaki yabemi Armenia lifinyele, leyo ibonakala ngokucacileyo kule grafu ingezantsi.

uqoqosho SaseArmenia kule minyaka izayo

Ikamva kuqoqosho Armenia i kunokuba awaqinisekanga ngenxa yenani elikhulu gqitha izinto ezahlukeneyo.

mqobo enkulu Ukuqiniswa kwezoqoqosho Armenia i wedwa salo ihlabathi ngaphandle, yabangela iingozi ezinkulu kwaye ukukhula ilahleko imithwalo. ukubaluleka enkulu kakhulu intsebenziswano Armenian-Iranian entsimini kweendlela imithwalo kunye namandla. Kunye ne Iran wamisa indlela asisifutshane edibanisa Iran kunye namazibuko Georgian. Baleka wegesi kunye nombhobho oyile phakathi kwamazwe amabini.

Ukomelezwa noqoqosho Armenian iya kuthintela kakhulu ukwanda abasisigxina intsilelo yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Kuba ukunciphisa intsilelo yorhwebo kuyimfuneko ukumisela ngokuvela nkqubo kwezoshishino ejongene yokunyusa ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zoshishino kunye kufakwe yokungenisa, kwakunye kwicala lomgaqo-nkqubo wezolimo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza yezolimo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza imisebenzi enxulumene kwimithombo yangaphakathi yokunyusa kwezoqoqosho, ukulungiselela ukuveliswa lweemveliso zolimo, ukuba babheje ezinokwenzeka okusingqongileyo ezizezinye eneji. Zonke iziyalezo kuphuhliso loqoqosho eArmenia kufuneka aphuhlise ngonyanzelo, kungenjalo lizwe lingaya lisehla ngokwehla.