Ummandla koLwandle Black kunye nezinye iimpawu zayo ezindawo

Black Sea - enye yeendawo ezininzi ezintle kwilizwe lethu, ukuba wahlukile kwaye iimpawu zayo umdla.

indawo

Yeyona Sea abamnyama kumazantsi eli inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. Ecaleni kwaso kukho udederhu ezintabeni neAsia.

I-Sea Black le erhangqwe kwi imaphu kumazwe aliqela. Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey. Ummandla kuLwandle Black awele umda phakathi eYurophu Asia. Le imisele yolwandle, ungabona kuhlukumeza indlela ukuya emantla losingasiqithi iCrimea. Idibanisa nisibophelele eLwandle elincinane Azov ngokusebenzisa Kerch Strait.

Overview

Ummandla oLwandle Black mkhulu; kukholelwa ukuba ilingana 422 ophosa square. Eli xabiso kulinganisiwe, amanye amanani kwezinye iindawo. Ummandla oLwandle Omnyama endaweni yembutho. km. - 436400 (eminye imithombo). Ubunzulu iphezulu kweemitha 2210, lo gama i-avareji - 1240.

Ulwandle i kwisisu ekwanti wabumba phakathi South-Eastern Yurophu kunye Asia Minor. Ummandla oLwandle Omnyama njengoko yahlulwe kubini, ukuba kuvuselele encinane, nto leyo eyinxalenye losingasiqithi iCrimea. Le emntla-ntshona inxalenye kwithala incopho ebanzi. Coast of Turkey kunye Georgia, kwimiwonyo ezininzi nemixawuka eyingozi. nzulu Large ezi kumanxweme ziqala asondele kakhulu kunokuba emantla. Unxweme oLwandle Omnyama - 4077 leekhilomitha. Ulwandle isuntswana ngathi ubude esisangqa kweekhilomitha 1148, ububanzi 615.

Kukho zimbalwa iindawo yaye phantse akukho ziqithi. Oku kungenxa yokuba inqanaba lamanzi esoloko kuyanda. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba kwiminyaka eli-100, kummandla kuLwandle Black ezonto ngokweesentimitha-25. Kubonakala ukuba isantya incinane kakhulu, kodwa ke lona ulwandle sele wakwazi ukufunxa ezinye umzi.

kwi emzini Sea Black

kunxweme Russian uzele zokulala. Kukho kwakhona umzi, inkulu kubo - Sochi, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk kunye Anapa. Kutshanje, ngensimbi Russian usebenza kuwo umzi kuLwandle Black, ibekwe eCrimea (Kerch kunye Sevastopol).

Sochi - ndawo ishushu woLwandle Black eRashiya. Kukho iweb eninzi kwelanga, nokufuma kakhulu kunye nohlaza sehlathi.

E Sevastopol, kakuhle walondoloza isixeko antique samandulo Hersonissos. ezikhumbuzo abaninzi lunikezelwa Ukoyisa Omkhulu.

Umendo ukususela elwandle ukuya olwandle

Black Sea kwi mephu ubonakala kude kolwandle, edibana ngayo lwangaphakathi, kodwa kokwalowo i-Atlantic. Ukudada ukuba kuyo apha, kufuneka wenze ngendlela elide kakhulu ukusuka kuLwandle Black ngokusebenzisa Bosphorus ukuze zifike Marmara uze ngokusebenzisa i iDardanelles ukuze zifike Aegean kunye kuLwandle lweMeditera, yaye kuphela emva kokuba uyakwazi ukudlula Gibraltar kungena Atlantic Ocean.

sezulu

Isimo sezulu yezwekazi. Iimpawu ezinxulumene imeko yayo yangaphakathi yolwandle. ECrimea kunye elunxwemeni Caucasus akhuselwe nxamnye imimoya ebandayo emantla, ngoko ke imozulu unomoya ngakumbi, lweMeditera. Impembelelo ye-Atlantic Ocean kuchaphazela imozulu. Ukusuka emantla nasentshona kufika iinkanyamba, idla bazise imvula. Maxa wambi umoya wasentla lomelele kangangokuba, iintaba ungabi umqobo kuye. Ibizwa ngokuba "boron". KwaYena kubanda. Le basekuhlaleni babembiza "Nord-Ost".

Biota

Elwandle kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo lisiza. Yinto omdaka, oluhlaza, obomvu kunye nabanye, yaye ezingama kweentlobo-270. Kwakhona apho unako ukufumana malunga 600 iintlobo izilwanyana. Xa amanzi ubomi-ekuthiwa noctiluca scintillans - le ubulembu, leyo iqulathe phosphorus.

Izilwanyana kuLwandle Black ayinakuze ithelekiswe kunye izilwanyana lweMeditera. Kuyinto likhaya leentlobo 2,500, iMediterranean - 9000 Izizathu zasendle ihlwempu: emanzini kubunzulu kakhulu, amanzi abandayo ngakumbi kunye noluhlu enkulu lumtyuba. Ngoko ke, i-Sea Black kuphela ukungafuni izilwanyana ezihlala emanzini. Emazantsi ephilayo iimbaza, iimbatyisi, pects, saselwandle esineqokobhe rapana. U-Shell rhoqo kuzisa ukuya elunxwemeni. Phakathi amatye ubomi oononkala, Shrimp zifunyanwa. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze jellyfish - Aurelia kunye Rhizostoma. Phakathi zeentlanzi eyaziwa kakuhle: mullet, mackerel, flounder, nguyá ulwandle, Black kunye Azov herring. Iintlanzi kakhulu eyingozi a dragon ulwandle. Ezanyisayo zimelwe iintlobo ezimbini dolphins: eku xhulumaneni okuqhelekileyo eku xhulumaneni bottlenose - kwakunye porpoises kunye itywina emhlophe-bellied.

Ukubunjwa amanzi olwandle

Amanzi oLwandle Black emtyuba, kunye kuba krakra. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukongeza sodium chloride kwi ekwakhiweni iquka chloride nezinki sulphate. Ngaphezu koko, amanzi uneekhemikali 60.

Inxalenye enkulu umthamo iqulethe emanzini. Ngokubanzi, ikhoyo nokubakho amanzi anzongonzongo kakhulu (iimitha-150). Emanzini ukhandwa le yokubola eziphilayo zaselwandle. Sea Black olwahlukileyo abanye ukuba amanzi anzongonzongo kakhulu ukuba akukho lona lisiza okanye izilwanyana zasemanzini. Phila khona kuphela iintsholongwane nesalfure. uyakhululwa Ngamanye amaxesha ebudeni emanzini uqhwithela hydrogen, ngoko ke abemi bonxweme nga va ivumba elibi.

Black eLwandle iintlanga ezahlukeneyo

I-Sea Black ubizwa ngokuba abantu abaninzi kangaka, nangona abangasekhoyo ezingenakubalwa imozulu ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka eluhlaza mnyama ukuya blue ukukhanya. AmaGrike amandulo wayithiya ezikwelasePonto Axinus, Oko kuthetha "negostepreimnoe" okanye "emnyama." Kwakukho ubunzima navigation kunye elunxwemeni ehlala abantu bendawo ezinobutshaba. Kufika ziyafikeleleka ezibi zemozulu, ezifana inkungu uqhwithela. Xa amaGrike ekugqibeleni kakuhle le ulwandle, oko kwazeka ukuba Pont Euxine, oko kukuthi "wokubuk '.

Encwadini yeembali Rus yamandulo ebizwa ulwandle Russian okanye amaxesha bamaSkitiya. Kwezinye imithombo ungenza ulwazi malunga oko kubizwa ulwandle abamnyama uyafumana, oluBomvu, ukuba mhle.

I Turks ebizwa i Karadengiz ngayo - 'eziyingozi kakhulu ". Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesizathu efanayo naleyo yamaGrike.