Ngqesho kunye noMthetho Okun kaThixo

Intswela-ngqesho ngenkani yabasebenzi, ezivela ngenxa lizama rhoqo iziphumlisi phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno kwi kwimalike yabasebenzi. Kokuba ezichongiweyo ezifana phambili izimvo zalo, njengoko a ngokuzithandela (frictional), zesakhiwo, nokungazinzi koqoqosho, zobugcisa, ngamaxesha athile, kunye nezinye ezifihliweyo.

Ngenxa izinto ezahlukeneyo, inqanaba izinga lentswela esemthethweni akusoloko kunjalo, kuba ngqesho efihlakeleyo (kolu didi nazo ziquka abavela kwimimandla uphuphume) kwisikali liphezulu kakhulu xa lithelekiswa namanye zonke iintlobo. Kwangaxeshanye, amanani ezisemthethweni musa ithathele ingqalelo kwinani labemi abangaqeshwanga abo bayeka ukufuna umsebenzi (musa kubhaliswa kwi exchange yabasebenzi), kwakunye nabo abafuni ukusebenza (abantu abanjalo malunga nezigidi 1-2 kumazwe ezinkulu imarike kuphuhliswa ). Aba bantu bamane azikho kuba manani ezisemthethweni. Konke oku kuchaphazela Izithetha enkulu ngqesho.

Ukubaluleka ekubaleni izinga lentswela-ngqesho. Esi sixa kuqikelelwa ukuba ukugqiba isixa zilishiye eli Domestic Product yesizwe uqoqosho ngokunxulumene nayo. Kuba zezoqoqosho, umthetho Okun kaThixo uvakalisa ongekenziwa GDP kanye ukusuka inani lalo.

American Scientist A. Oukenu wasilela lokubonisa ubukho ubudlelwane phakathi umthamo kwimveliso iyonke nentswela-ngqesho. Le ubuhlobo yaziwa umthetho Okun kaThixo. Ngokwalo mthetho, imihlaba lwemveliso yesizwe bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo inani labantu abangaphangeliyo kweli lizwe. Ngokukhula ngqesho nge-1% ixabiso lwe GDP lokwenene kuncitshiswa ubuncinane-2%. Ekubeni ngqesho yendalo uba sezintlungwini kwaye abasisigxina, kuba ukubala ukusilela lemveliso yesizwe ingqalelo kuphela ngqesho ngokugqithiseleyo. Le mbono yokugqibela, ngasendleleni, namhlanje ekuso ukuba amazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu.

Ukuvavanya inqanaba ngqesho zendalo wavuma ukuba ixabiso elingana-6% yenani lilonke labantu eyomeleleyo. Ngaphambili, malunga 30-35 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, wazimisela-3%, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukushukumiseka zabasebenzi liye landa (oku kukhokelela ekwandeni ngqesho ngokuzithandela) kunye nezinga NTP nokwanda (oko kwandisa kwemisebenzi). Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, izinga lentswela lilonke Kudla ngaphezu umlinganiselo zendalo, apho, ngokutsho uMthetho Okun kaThixo, ekhokelela ilahleko GDP of imarike yelizwe.

Kwangaxeshanye, uMthetho Okun kaThixo ubonisa lobudlelwano. Umongo yeyokuba, ngokuxhomekeke ngonyaka kwi mveliso kazwelonke ubuncinane 2.7% yenani labantu abangaphangeliyo baya kuba efanayo kwaye ziya kudlula amaxabiso zendalo. Ngoko ke, ukuba yoqoqosho olukhulu parameters abakwazi onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo ekhulwini ezintathu, izinga lentswela-ngqesho kweli lizwe ukhula.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uMthetho Okun kaThixo asingomqathango engqongqo, nto leyo eyenziwa phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Kunoko, eli okunentsingiselo anazo kwilizwe ngalinye kunye nexesha ukulinganiselwa ixesha.

abangaphangeliyo unawo neziphumo ezibi zilandelayo: kukho underutilization, ukwehla izakhono zabasebenzi kweli lizwe, umgangatho wobomi iye isihla ngokomgangatho, uxinzelelo ixabiso umvuzo, ukwandisa imali yoluntu ukutshintsha iingcebiso ngomsebenzi okanye ubume zobungcali kwimo, inani amatyala.

Imiba ephambili echaphazela izinga lentswela-ngqesho, zezi zilandelayo:

- sombutho kunye noqoqosho - nemeko kweziseko kwimarike, abasebenzi, ukutshintsha iindlela lombutho kunye esemthethweni imibutho kunye namashishini, uthengiso, utshintsho kumaziko kuqoqosho;

- Economic - kwamandla emali kunye namaxabiso, isantya ulwandiso, urhulumente apho umsebenzi wotyalo-mali, inkqubo yezimali kunye ikhredithi, kwaye imveliso lwesizwe;

- kubugcisa nakuqoqosho - ngesantya NTP, umlinganiselo yonikezelo kunye nemfuno kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwimalike yabasebenzi, utshintsho kumaziko kuqoqosho;

- yobalo - ukuqhama, ukufa, ubudala kunye nesakhiwo ngesondo abantu, iminyaka yobomi, imiyalelo kunye nemiqulu lokumpompoza yokufuduka.