Ioann Zlatoust

Ioann Zlatoust wazalwa phakathi BC ngenkulungwane yesi-4. e. usapho zamaKristu zizityebi. Imfundo le nkwenkwe nangoko wakhokelela unina Anfusa. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, waba ongumhlolokazi, akazange aphinde atshate kwaye wazibandakanya nonyana kuphela. Okokuqala uYohane ukubunjwa-mthetho jikelele yaye nenkolo azoba kuyo. Kamva wafumana izifundo elocution eLebhanon, neciko ke ethandwayo. UYohane waba umfundi wakhe yaye hit zonke obuciko yakhe. Emva kokufunda, waba ligqwetha. Life High, nto leyo olwenziwe ke umfana, alulibaziseki ngenxa yoqeqesho lwakhe intshukumo zonqulo. Emva kokusebenza kangangexesha elithile igqwetha, uYohane waziva ukunganeliseki. Wayeka umsebenzi wakhe waza wacinga nokwamkela monasticism. Umama akwazi ukumthintela isenzo esinjalo. Ke Ioann Zlatoust nje utshintshe indlela yobomi, waqalisa ukufunda iZibhalo kunye yabo, kwaye esikolweni phantsi kobunkokheli Flavian kunye Diadora.

Kanye ngelo xesha kwakukho ukubambana phakathi Orthodox ne Arians. Ioann Zlatoust ngokuzinikela kwakhe kunye nemfundo umdla ingqalelo Orthodox. Bambuza ukuba athathe isikhundla esiphezulu ngubhishophu. UYohane ingqalelo ngokwakhe akalutho ukuba babe esilolu hlobo yaye akazange. Ngelo xesha wabhala ama ngendlela babe ngababingeleli, wada wamenza abadumileyo. Emva ngokushiya ibhishopu Ioann Zlatoust wayehlala eMonastri kufutshane Antiyokwe wahlala khona iminyaka emi-4. Apho waqhubeka ukubhala, eli xesha malunga monasticism. -34, uYohane makasingelwe umdikoni. Ahleli kweli sikhundla, waqhubeka ukubhala. Ngokomthetho kwaba uphononongo lokuba New and Old Testament, kwiNcwadi ka-ABagwebi, iincwadi zoMthetho, uYoshuwa, kunye nabanye.

Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, eSt Ioann Zlatoust wamiselwa presbyter. eqalisa ukushumayela ngenkuthalo ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili. Icawa ephambili Antiyokwe ubunzima abantu bathontelana ukuva intetho lobubingeleli entsha. Uye ebhalwe kule minyaka Ioann Zlatoust utoliko inani leencwadi eZibhalweni Ezingcwele, kuquka uninzi oonobumba Njengompostile uPawulos, kwakunye kwiincoko ezininzi. Wasibamba isikhundla kungabi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi - engama-32. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe uphawu wemibhalo.

Xa wafa 398, uBhishophu, uMlawuli Arcadius eConstantinople linqwenela ukubona kule post Chrysostom. Into yokuqala aqale ongcwele - lo umlo ngoncedo iintshumayelo kunye kwinqanaba elisezantsi yokuziphatha phakathi abefundisi bendawo.

Ukunyamekela umhlambi wakhe, yayinqamlela ixesha ezinkonzweni, leyo kamva waziwa ngokuba inkonzo Ioanna Zlatousta. Wahamba minyinyiva ezininzi ukuze ubuKrestu phakathi kweentlanga. Ngoko ke, wavumela ngamaGoth ukukhokela unqulo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, yaye ithole ububingeleli. Kwakhona Ioann Zlatoust wathumela abathunywa bevangeli kwamanye amazwe, kuquka kummandla Russia yanamhlanje. Ngokuqhelekileyo, soqobo enjalo umsebenzi ukhala abantu abaninzi ibandla. Yena ngokungqongqo yibo abefundisi ngenxa yokuziphatha ongaqeqeshwayo, wasola amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu ubomi bengasebenzi. Xa iintshaba bajoyine ikwangabo aba abo ndinekhwele ukuthandwa Chrysostom yaye wayefuna ukuba endaweni yakhe, yaye uKumkanikazi Eudoxia, ngubani wathabatha ukukhalinyelwa ngeendleko zakhe.

Kanye eConstantinople yaba iimonki emine ekhala uTiyofilo, uMphathi Alexandria, ayendityhola nabo Origenism. Chrysostom ngenkxaso yabo, apho amangalelwe ngayo qhekeko efanayo. Odumileyo of abalandeli bakhe bahlanganisana Cathedral, apho bagqiba limshenxise Ioanna Zlatousta. Mthetho zisayinwe nguMlawuli kunye Arkady, ngenkxaso uKumkanikazi Eudoxia. Kungekudala emva kokuba isigqibo kwafunyaniswa ukuba mthethweni, noYohane babuyela kule post, kodwa ayizange iphele maqhinga eentshaba apho.

New Cathedral, ikhokelwa ngu Akaki Seviriana waza wamalela ukuba ashumayele eConstantinople. Lowo wathunyelwa eArmenia, kodwa akukho akazange ayeke ukukhonza uThixo. Ngoko bagqiba ukuba bayithwale Chrysostom kwikona zikude kunye zikwanti bukhosi kunxweme kuLwandle Black. UJohn wafa indlela eya kule ndawo kunyaka 407. yezinto ezingcwele yakhe 438 zaye angcwatywa eConstantinople.