DSLR-camera - yintoni na le nto? Ushwankathelo, iimpawu, amathuba kunye neempawu

Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba amandla eyakho icamera compact Wabutsalela kuwe, kukho izizathu ngokwaneleyo ukuze sinikele ingqalelo DSLR-ikhamera. Ezi zixhobo zale mihla kunye nabenzi boluvo ezinkulu image, ngokukhanya awongamileyo, ulawulo robust manual, ukuphucula indlela umfundi aqhuba kunye nsimbi lenses interchangeable. Noko ke, konke oku extra kusebenza iyabiza, kwaye ixabiso SLR kwicamera yesuntswana angakhula, ingakumbi emva kokufunyanwa lwezincedisi ezongezelelweyo.

Ukongeza, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba imali ityalwe DSLR-camera. Ukuba isixhobo yokuqala yaba Canon, kusenokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba esilandelayo iya kuba ngumzekelo evela kumenzi enye, sihlale nako ukusebenzisa iilensi abadala kunye nezincedisi. Nazi ezi miba ibalulekileyo ukuqwalasela xa uthenga SLR kwicamera yesuntswana, kunye nezintlu imifuziselo top-rated namhlanje ezikhoyo.

ubukhulu isivamvo Ukuqonda

Uninzi SLR yabathengi usebenzisa abenzi umfanekiso, imilinganiselo yakhe nangona eziphezulu kakhulu ukuba khamera digital eqhelekileyo, kodwa incinane kancinci nje isakhelo umboniso 35mm. Kusenokuba Edidekile xa bethetha entsimini Ngenxa ikhamera, njengoko ubude zingumgqaliso ukuba kwizivumelwano badla kuthelekiswa ezilingana-mm 35. isivamvo Standard APS-C ibe likriwa-1.5 "factor izityalo". Oku kuthetha ukuba ilens 18-55 mm ukuba iza DSLRs ezininzi ligubungela intsimi 35mm ngembono elilingana 27-82,5 mm. Oku uthelekisa nge 3x zoom lens ikhamera zesiqhelo ubude-28 mm.

Xa woluvo elikhulu ineendlela ezininzi. It ikuvumela ukulawula ngcono ububanzi befildi umfanekiso - into zikhawulezelwe adale imvelaphi imfiliba. Le isiphumo ubizwa elide Japanese "bokeh". Its njengokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa, kodwa ulawulo jikelele kukuba nokukhanya ngaphezulu iwela isizalo ukuba ngamanani evakalisa emngxunyeni uvalo okanye inani rhoqo f, imvelaphi luzizi ngakumbi zingafumaneka. Lens nge wenyoka ubuninzi f / 1.4 ukutsiba- ukukhanya izihlandlo 8 ngaphezu f / 4, kwaye ukudala ubunzulu nzulu befildi kwi ezesini ubude kunye ukudubula umgama ngokulinganayo.

Esinye isizathu esibangela ukuba kuyimfuneko ukumisa ukhetho kwi zincwadi Womenzi enkulu - kukunciphisa umfanekiso ingxolo. 20-megapixel DSLR iye pixels ezininzi ngaphezu kokuba ikhamera aqhelekileyo kunye efanayo isisombululo. Oku kuvumela pixels ezinkulu wamisela nobuzaza ngaphezulu woluvo njengoko kulinganiswa ngendlela yedijithali njengoko ISO, kunye nomfanekiso yengxolo asezantsi. Okuhle kule ndawo enkulu kobuso amanga neqiniso eguqula umbala okanye ukukhanya ngcembe ngaphezu kwi "isepha". Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphumeza i imifanekiso lemvelo kunye bazingce ubunzulu.

iikhamera full-isakhelo

Abanye SLR DSLR-ikhamera (Canon eos 6D) bayakwazi kunye nabenzi boluvo ababanikezelayo ayalingana ubungakanani 35mm. Ezi zixhobo full-isakhelo ngokubanzi ibiza kakhulu kuyaphi kunezixhobo zabo APS-C matrix. Ukuba kwixesha elizayo injongo ukuya kwisakhelo ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka silumke xa uthenga lenses. Ezinye zazo yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa APS-C. Canon ubiza line yayo EF-S APS-C-lens, kwaye ilens egubungele isakhelo ngokupheleleyo, ebizwa EF. Nikon DSLR-iikhamera basebenzisa indlela efanayo, ukumakishwa "zalungisa" optic ukuhlanganiswa DX, isakhelo ngokupheleleyo - FX. Sony lens zabo APS-C wongezelela isiqu DT, kunye Pentax DA ubabiza.

Ukukhetha ikhamera

Kubalulekile ukukhetha ikhamera ukuba ukhululekile esandleni. Nangona uninzi DSLRs ziyafana ngobukhulu nokusetyenzwa, isimbo yokubamba, ulawulo indawo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokusebenza zinokwahluka kakhulu.

Le DSLR kwicamera yesuntswana ezikhethiweyo kufuneka ibe bekhululekile kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuba kakhulu ezikhulu okanye ezincinane ukuze bonwabe, ukuba ulawulo azinikezelwanga kubekwe ukuba angathanda lo msebenzisi, maninzi amathuba okuba uya kuba nako ukonwabela sokudubula ngokupheleleyo.

lens reflex angeli

Ngu definition DSLR ine- viewfinder enombala ezivakalisa umfanekiso yathinjwa kwekhamera, kodwa hayi bonke twatse. Isipili uyalela ukukhanya ukuya kwenye iindidi viewfinders ezimbini. Eyokuqala kuzo - pentamirror - idla kwizixhobo entry-level, ezifana Canon eos Ntw SL1 ezixabisa 549,00 zeerandi okanye Nikon D5500. Kule hlobo imifanekiso viewfinder zisetyenziswa ukuba batshintshe nezipili 3 iliso umfoti, ubuyeleyo phezu kwayo ukuze ujika ube echanekileyo, njengoko kuchasene umfanekiso zocaphulo kwi woluvo ebomini.

pentaprism

Uhlobo lwesibini viewfinder DSLR-camera - a pentaprism. It is a iglasi prism eqinileyo, neyenza into efanayo pentamirror. Okokuqala, njengokuba umthetho, usinde kuneyesibini eliqaqambileyo. ukukhanya jikelele lula ukuba nokubiyela imifanekiso likuvumela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba umfanekiso ingqwalasela. Pentaprism idla ziqala ukuvela kwi iikhamera SLR yee-uluhlu ezifana eos Canon 80D ixabiso 1199,00 US dollar, kwaye umgangatho izicelo yobungcali afana Canon ama-1D X Mark II (5999,00 zeerandi). Pentax K-70 - omnye iimodeli entry-level ezimbalwa kunye viewfinder hlobo, nto leyo eye bengxelo ikhulu ekhulwini. Le khamera ezifikelelekayo iye encapsulation ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa ngemihla lemvula okanye nekhephu.

Kufuneka kwakhona ayiqwalasele ukunyuka ngokwepesenti isakhelo kunye inshorensi, njengoko kunika uluvo lokuba ubungakanani ngqo emfanekisweni ubonisa indlela yomfanekiso wathimba kuyabonakala. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, kubhetele ukukhangela inani eliphezulu.

Enye indlela: EVF

A Inani elincinane khamera SLR kwimarike inikeza viewfinder ukhetho sesithathu - elektroniki. Sony DSLR-camera kunye yezibuko semitransparent esisigxina, ezifana Alpha of 77 II, maxa wambi wabhekisela SLT. Endaweni ukuthumela imbalelwano ukukhanya emehlweni akhe, yena ucinga woluvo focus auto. Ukuba umsebenzisi lingakulungele ukuya viewfinder woqondo, ezi iikhamera kuhle ukuba siziphonononge. Nkqu ephambili ngokupheleleyo-isakhelo Sony Alpha 99 usebenzisa ixabiso ka-1998 zeerandi EVF oled, eschewing a pentaprism iglasi, eqhelekileyo kwezinye iikhamera SLR ngokupheleleyo-isakhelo. Ukuba olu khetho efanelekileyo, unako kwakhona ukuhlola kunye nekhamera mirrorless - engazichazanga ongumzekelo ubungakanani woluvo efanayo naleyo i DSLR-AIDS, kodwa ngaphandle isipili okwenza umfanekiso ongena ikhamera yakho ngexesha lenene.

ukudubula okuqhubekayo

Xa kuthelekiswa nemithi izixhobo yedijithali DSLR-camera - kukwayinto entle ngesantya esiphezulu. Ixesha phakathi ngokucinezela shutter iqhosha kwaye bathatha umfanekiso, ekuthiwa shutter lag, kunye nexesha phakathi kuqhume basoloko ingxaki iikhamera compact. iikhamera SLR badla ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ezisisivalo lag kubo phantse imperceptible. ukudubula Continuous ulinganiswa ngesekhondi. Kufuneka sijonge ukuba ikhamera ukuba adubule 3 s k /, nangona abafoti emidlalo kunye zemvelo kuya kufuneka isixhobo kuthimba ukuzila 5 K / s.

speed ukuxhomekeka

Kakade ke, inkqubo focus auto kufuneka uhlale izinga isakhelo. iikhamera SLR Basic ezifana Nikon D3300, ngokufuthi nje ezimbalwa iingongoma AF, iyenza nzima ukulandela izinto ezihambayo.

Xa iikhamera isiphelo eliphezulu- Canon 7D Mark II kunye Nikon D500 AF amanqaku zifikelela inxalenye enkulu yesakhelo, awenze zakho lwabasebenzisi abazibandakanya nokufotwa iziganeko zemidlalo kunye zasendle. Continuous Ukudubula AF uhambe isandla ngesandla, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba sijonge ukuba ikhamera ukuba unalo intsebenzo ozilingeneyo ezo parameters ezimbini.

Emehlweni kwikhusi kunye HD-yokuzonwabisa

ukurekhodwa Video ngoku inkalo esemgangathweni iikhamera SLR. Kufuneka sijonge ukuba lowo egcina ukuxhomekeka ngexesha ukurekhoda. Kufuneka kwakhona ujonge isantya focus auto xa sokudubula kwimo umbono ephilayo, njengoko zinako uko- olucothayo kakhulu. Canon wenze inkqubela ekwandiseni isantya ukuxhomekeka xa ebhala ngokukhawuleza vidiyo imifuziselo T6s no 70D, ikhamera Sony ngco urekhodo lwevidiyo, kwakunye naxa nokufotwa. Ukuba umsebenzisi uceba ukusebenzisa le vidiyo rhoqo, kubalulekile ubukho lombhobho yegalelo jack - ngaphandle uya kuwutshisa ngcono kakhulu yakhiwe.

iTelephoto lens

Uninzi abasebenzisi SLR yedijithali zoncedo ezintsha asizi ukuthenga ngokukhanya ezongezelelweyo, kodwa kukho abo bathi kuyimfuneko ukwandisa umgangatho. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ukongeza ngomgangatho 18-55 mm iTelephoto lensi ikhethiwe. Lusetyenziswa, njengoko umthetho, usondeze bume, ukuqala ngo-55 mm kwaye awugqibe ne-200 mm okanye 300 mm eza kuvelisa ngaphezu kuqhume eyiyona elide. iindleko Plan for ngokukhanya kumele zinike 200-300 US.

35mm lens

Enye uhlobo ethandwayo ngokukhanya eyiyeyona ikhawuleza kakhulu, kunye imo yekona lens oluqhelekileyo yinkulumbuso. Phambi kokuba iilensi zoom zithandwa, iikhamera film SLR basoloko banikwe ngokukhanya 50 mm f / 2. Ngenxa woluvo ezincinane SLR kwabathengi namhlanje, oku lihambisana f 35 mm / 2.

angle Standard unika intsimi lwembono, eseyiphantse enzima emehlweni abantu, kwaye uvumele fast umngxuma sokudubula kwiimeko ekukhanyeni low, kwakunye ekwahluleni into ngokuthi usaba imvelaphi. Kuxhomekeka DSLR-camera ixabiso ezi lens kunokwahluka, kodwa ke kulindeleke ukuba ibe kuluhlu ukusuka 175 ukuya 350 US eerandi.

flash yangaphandle

Ngaphandle kokuba iikhamera SLR kwabathengi bazikhanda flash eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, abafoti abaninzi bakhetha izixhobo ezinamandla ngakumbi lwangaphandle. Wenze ukukhanya ngakumbi, ukuba akuyichazi imvelaphi inga siwa ukuvumela yokucacisa into yokuba ukusetyenziswa kubonakala ukukhanya. Bhampisa flash off kwesilingi kukhanyisa igumbi lonke aokusetyenziswa ngoncedo isixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kodwa musa tsala-nkqubo DSLR-camera. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno amandla yokutshaja ixesha kunye namathuba zokutshintshelwa flash yangaphandle 150 ukuya 500 US eerandi.

isihlangu yangaphandle

Iliso for DSLR-camera ishenxisa umda yekhusi encinane kwiqela lenjongo ngasemva bekhamera, leyo akavumeli echanileyo agxile ngexesha nokudubula, ukuba ugcine amagqabantshintshi isaziso isantya kunye izithunzi, lungisa Ibhalansi emhlophe badubula kwindawo engile enkulu.

somfanekiso

Kungako DSLR-camera - isixhobo eziya kunciphisa intshukumo okungafunekiyo. Umzekelo, a triaxial một Ronin-M kunye ekunqunyanyisweni yekhompyutha ukuze iikhamera ukukhathaza ukuya ku 3.6 kg. Inika inkululeko epheleleyo umfoti ngelixa besebenza kuqhume iiyure 6 - eli xesha, ubomi bebhetri kwi ngentlawulo ibhetri enye. Kwanele ukuba ukulungisa ikhamera endleleni, kwaye iprosesa eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi uya kuvelisa izicwangciso ezinqwenelekayo. Ukuchaneka 0,02 ° ukwanelisa iingcali eyona inzima.

Ukongeza, ulawulo somfanekiso kude nge Bluetooth yaye izicelo iOS. Ezixhaswayo umnqongo một LightBridge ezithwala ividiyo kumgama km 1.5.

bag

Enye into kwi kuyimfuneko - a nangxowa DSLR-camera. Sony LCS-BDF, umzekelo, icala lula kwaye compact uzibambileyo camera, zoom lens kunye yokukhanya ezongezelelweyo. iipokotho nylon ngaphambili ziyilelwe yokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa ezahlukeneyo zosasazo, izihluzi njalo njalo. N. Kukho ipokotho olongezelelweyo ngasemva kunye nomlenze umtya kunye mqukumbelo ethambileyo asuswayo.