Dormition Holy Monastery of Sviyazhsk

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XVI, kunye acuteness othile eRashiya Alwa umzabalazo kunye nommelwane wakhe ndlongo - i Kazan Khanate. Impi efunekayo ngenkxaso isiseko ethembekileyo, yaye ngenxa yoku, ngowe-1551, ngaphambi nje kokuba kuthinjwe Kazan Ivanom Groznym, yasekwa idolophu inqaba Sviyazhsk. Indawo ekhethiweyo ngokuba yena emlonyeni Sviyagi. Kungekudala, lo mzi wakhula waba iziko wesithili, kwaye ngo-1555 ukuba Wamisa cloister emishini, kamva owabizwa ngokuba kwingcinga Sviazhsky Monastery.

Isiseko yosisi Kazan kunye weemonki

Unyaka isiseko woonongendi kwaphawula esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo kubomi mmandla - nokusekwa Kazan eso sithili. Oku kwenziwe imibulelo ukuba kwimpumelelo esemthe- ezukileyo iingalo Russian, faka isiphelo kolawulo Tatar khans ngasechwebeni iVolga. Kulo mba, woonongendi yasekwa apha kufuneka ibe liziko izinto zokomoya, ezemfundo kunye wevangeli. izithunywa zakhe phezu kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo, bethwele ukukhanya Orthodox kuwo wonke ummandla kuMbindi iVolga.

Owaseka woonongendi kunye Ngqonyela yawo yokuqala Archimandrite Herman (Sadyrov Field). Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe woonongendi wakhula waza wazuza amandla. Times baba ezinzima kakhulu. Broken kufuphi Kazan AmaTatar saa kwaye zidityaniswe zibe nemigulukudu ayihlasela kwiilali. Hayi kanye waba nabafiki kwi cloister, oluphazanyiswa umthandazo, ukusebenzisa izixhobo.

Le wayengazibandezi ulonwabo olukhulu, Archimandrite Herman

ngendlela emangalisayo kakhulu ngumshumayeli, wegqitha Archimandrite Herman. Ukushiya nabo kwexesha-based Sviazhsky eMonastri, wayiqhubela zonke Kazan eso sithili, abe ubhishophu yayo yesibini. Ngowe-1566, ngokuyalelwa Ivana Groznogo, wafika e Moscow, apho wacelwa ukuba benyuke baye eMoscow isebe lwenqila endaweni bawela umusa yobukumkani Metropolitan uFilipu.

Noko ke, ukusuka imbeko omkhulu onjalo, waza wala, ngakwicala ubhishophu ngehlazo wazisola ngokungaguquki ezigwenxa obenziwa somfundisi tsarist. Okude evela kwibhotwe kamsinya, Archimandrite waligqiba ikhondo lakhe lasemhlabeni ngo-1567. Iimeko yokufa kwakhe isahleli engacacanga. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye wabulawa, yaye kwelinye - ufile ngexesha bhubhane isibetho.

Emva kokufa kwakhe, umphathi wokuqala woonongendi uzukisiwe kobuso abangcwele, yaye ngowe-1592 izinto zakhe, loo ndawo yonqulo ephambili yale weemonki. Xa iincwadi kwingcinga Cathedral, apho ke wangcwatywa, kwaba lula ukufunda ezininzi iirekhodi, wayingqinela imimangaliso wazityhila kuthi imithandazo amarhamente kunye esakhiweni ngokwabo.

Iminyaka nempumelelo ngenxa weemonki

Le abenzi bemilingo ye woonongendi kufuneka kuqwalaselwe XVI-XVIII eminyaka. Ngexesha la iinkulungwane ezimbini Sviyazhsk Monastery ke bazizinhanha lonke kuMbindi iVolga ibe phakathi ezimashumi kakhulu nempumelelo eRashiya. Akumangalisi kucingwa ixabiso yesixhenxe Archimandrite sikarhulumente. Kumhlaba yi woonongendi ukuya phakathi kwinkulungwane XVIII, baphila baza basebenza 7.200 amafama eyindoda. Inani elifanayo kubo babephuma ezinye yoonongendi ye Kazan sithili kunye.

Ukwazi, yaye ezi nkcukacha: Sviazhsky weemonki balihlutha umatshini wokushicilela, eyaqala ukupapasha iincwadi zonqulo phambi kokuba waqala ukwenza eMoscow nguvulindlela Ivan Fyodorov. iimveliso zabo ezahlukeneyo iindleko eli lizwe. Xa ngo-1764 kuBukhosi Russian eyayibanjelwe utshintsho emishini, i Sviazhsky oyiNgcwele Dormition Monastery Kongezelelwa kwiklasi yokuqala, egqalwa enyangweni. Loo kulilungelo unikwa kuphela nguye yedwa zonke yoonongendi zonke Kazan eso sithili. Kuphela emva kweminyaka engamashumi amane anesibini umahluko efanayo hola Virgin Monastery e Kazan.

Ixesha of secularization zamazwe ibandla

Ngenxa yotshintsho ngentla ziyaphunyezwa uCatherine II, phambi kokuba ukwehla yaqala abazizityebi liqhuma yokuhlala. Kakhulu wadlala indima waza waphawula kweli xesha, imeko yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho isixeko Sviyazhsk, kwaye ukudinwa yoko yabemi. Noko ke, esona sizathu lwaqhutywa yi uRhulumente secularization amazwe emishini.

Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe uCatherine II waphum nkqubo ejolise ukubandezana ithuba ngempembelelo zecawa kwimicimbi karhulumente. Enye indlela ekufezekiseni le njongo yaba ukunciphisa kwezoqoqosho umgangatho wokuphila kwiitempile nezigodlo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le kupapasho-yapapashwa Februwari 24, 1764 njengako apho onke amazwe ibandla ocande ngumnini karhulumente.

Iminyaka yokwehla kwe woonongendi kunye ekuqaleni revolution

Bevalelwe yoko izinto eziphambili imali, ngokuthe ngcembe Sviazhsky ingcamango Monastery waqala ukuthatha kwizikhundla zabo. Kwanele ukuba ndithi inani yabemi balo, kanye angaphezu kwekhulu iimonki kunye monki, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX lancipha ukuya emashumi mabini anantlanu, waza ke inqanaba engenayo ngaphantsi kwezinye yoonongendi ye Kazan eso sithili.

Kwiminyaka emva revolution, weza kubo kwiinkathazo yaseRussia iCawa Orthodox lonke. I kwakungekho ngaphandle kunye Sviyazhsk Monastery. Ngqonyela yakhe yokugqibela, uBhishophu Ambrose ('beeps) umfana othile kwisihlwele abahambela amajoni. Emva kweminyaka emininzi, xa ilizwe ndabuyela ezingqondweni kuye impambano yokungabi, yena lamiselwa, yaye ihlabathi wayesazi ngaye nkolo entsha Ambrose.

Period beqhawe yokungabi

Ebudeni beminyaka edolophini korhulumente kubukho Sviyazhsk waba kwindawo kwinkampu esiqinileyo. umzimba emishini ezikufutshane kubo iitempile ziye baphangwe nomhlaza kunye ezingcwele ukungonakali St. Herman zavula uzihlambele. Kule isigodlo iminyaka emininzi wabeka koloni neenjubaqa abasebatsha, lo yabagula ngengqondo ngamageza. On top of iingxaki, indawo enkulu ezikufutshane umzi emva kokwakhiwa Kuibyshev ichibi yayinomkhukula kunye Sviyazhsk abe siqithi.

Ukuvuselelwa woonongendi

Kuphela nokufika mihla, xa ibandla ukuba akangebuyi ngokungekho mthethweni kususwa impahla yakhe, zonke izakhiwo, eziquka Sviazhsky weemonki babuyiselwa amakholwa. YayinguYesu kuphela inxalenye encinane, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye lwembali-reserve. Kuye waba kumhlaba ochumileyo ukuvuselelwa mzi. Neetempile wambuyisela kuqaliswe kanye emlonyeni iinkonzo ecaweni waza wadada phezu komlambo Sviyaga yokukhalisa ezintsimbi weemonki.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo isigodlo

Ingqikelelo Holy Monastery Sviazhsky idume kwawo engundoqo - i-St Nicholas Church endala. Yena ke obu efanayo njengoko uninzi woonongendi kunye nolwakhiwo yayo busuka emva kunyaka 1756. Limise of lekalika aqingqiweyo lemiguvela iinkosi Pskov ekhokelwa Ivan Shiryaev. Emva konyaka, intsimbi enqabeni yakhe Walekelwa ukuphakama imitha-43. Isakhiwo Icawa iseli apho babehlala wokuqala umphathi woonongendi - eSt Herman. Ukususela memoirs abemi babesakuba woonongendi kwakusazeka ukuba kwanangaphambi Revolution kwayo, wasigcina elakho.

Le Cathedral ezikufuphi kwingcinga yakhiwa kwiminyaka emihlanu kuphela kamva, St Nicholas Church. Ngaphezu kusebenza siziinkosi efanayo Pskov. Ezinye utshintsho owenziwe phakathi kwinkulungwane elandelayo. Ukuze oku kongezelelwa isabelo refectory kunye lombhobho igubu umnqamlezo libe candelo. Ngaphambili ukuba lwale isigcina-ezimile salandelwa zichatshazelwe ngakumbi, njengokwenziwa kwe Ukrainian ezimbejembeje. Nokuba a kweminyaka engamakhulu kamva kwesakhiwo eqhotyoshelweyo nevaranda.

Noko ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka engundoqo ibandla sigcinwe kulo esekelwe era Ivana Groznogo. ukwazi loo Kapa kuphela kwindawo enye - kwi yecawa kwi kummandla oyiNgcwele Kumbi Monastery e Yaroslavl. Abagxeki ukuba imizobo eludongeni eli thuba zinqabile kakhulu.

Kukho iisampulu ngaphambili ndinibhalele kwenkulungwane kamva, kodwa ngenkulungwane XVI uye wasishiya kulo mba ilifa omncinane kakhulu. Ukongeza ixabiso zembali bezobugcisa esekelwe Cathedral kwakhona abe semvelo iimpawu kuphela kubo peculiarity: phezu kodonga ngasentshonalanga, apho athathiweyo ukumela kwelabafileyo zonke iimpawu zayo, xa Cathedral ye kwingcinga beqabe kwiparadesi ndawo, nto leyo kudala mood entle kwi kumbukeli.

Compound Lwamabhinqa Sviyazhsk Monastery

Kwisixeko, ngaphandle eMonastri, apho kwaxoxwa, laliphakathi enye - yinkazana Sviazhsky Ivanovsky Convent. Uye kuye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Le ise intliziyo Sviyazhsk e Cathedral Square. Noko ke, kwafuneka ukunyamezela uthotho lomlilo ngamandla, kwaye nongendi bafudukela kwenye indawo, ngokubanika igumbi ekule zapheliswa phambi Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery.

Namhlanje sigodlo khange waphila ngohlobo olulo ngoku, kwaye kuphela John St. kukho mfazi Compound Baptist Sviyazhsky monastery eyindoda. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iinkonzo ibandla ziqhutywa kuwo kangangoko emiselwe charter ukuba iCawa. Ngapha koko, akukho akaluyeki Ukubuyiselwa Izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye zetempile. Ubomi wabuyela woonongendi amandulo, nasezindongeni zayo 'iindwendwe silindele bonke abanqwenela ukuza ageze ngokwakho kwihlabathi umdla zakudala Orthodox.