Clavicle: Liphi na ke anatomy, umsebenzi, isakhiwo

Ekhaya ilungelo womntu - ehamba tye. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa kwiinguqu ezimandla kwinkqubo yenkxaso kunye nentshukumo, equka skeleton kunye nezihlunu. Onke amasebe kufuneka kukhubazeko ilungileyo ezisebenzayo kwisikhundla nkqo umzimba. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ukukhutshwa kwesebe eliphezulu lokuthatha inxaxheba intshukumo yomzimba kunye uquko kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo umzimba: ukugcinwa nokwenza ngqo izinto kunye nezixhobo, ukuphunyezwa izenzo yabantu. Imizekelo zazo ukukwazi ukubhala, ukudlala izixhobo zomculo, ipeyinti, ukuthunga, ukuluka, njalo-njalo. D.

Kweli nqaku liza siya kugxininisa iimpawu isakhiwo umbhinqo imilenze eliphezulu, nto leyo equka yakudubula kunye collarbone. Uphi na, yintoni imisebenzi lenza indima yalo kwinkqubo musculoskeletal woMntu?

Indawo clavicle kuphahla yabantu

Bone, inxalenye umbhinqo kwesebe eliphezulu edibene kwentamo nge sternoclavicular ngokuhlangeneyo. Inxalenye zisecaleni clavicle ezinxulumene igxalaba - acromion. Kweli nqanaba, ithambo unalo, umphezulu benqumla rough ukuze kufakelwe ngokobunene igxalaba izihlunu izixhobo lungu ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo. Ukuze deal nesibakala ukuba collarbone enjalo, cinga isakhiwo omnye amacandelo kwenkqubo musculoskeletal - nemilenze umbhinqo.

Clavicle njengenxalenye mlenze umbhinqo eliphezulu

Ukuba ingalo amathambo ziye edibene namanye amalungu omzimba, kuphahla yabantu kukho isebe okhethekileyo, eliquka amathambo bafundelane ngezibini - blade elingunxantathu kunye collarbone. Njengenxalenye yomzimba wakhe umbhinqo umkhono, kuquka clavicle, sele ezinomqolo, ukususela abameli kule superclass Pisces. Kubhaliwe ziphuhliswe kakuhle kwi ezanyisayo ezisebenzisa ngemilenze yabo kwinkqubo wokukuqonda ixhoba okanye intshukumo brachiation ngendlela (umzekelo, gibbons). Cinga ngakumbi, apho collarbone kwaye le yinxalenye yomzimba. It has ifomu ye-Latin oonobumba S, enxulumene inxalenye yayo yangaphakathi kwentamo, kwaye ngaphandle - umhlakulo; kuba amandla ezi ndawo ngakumbi amalunga nemisipha.

Ngexesha intshukumo nkqo wethambo amagxa lijikeleza phezu axis ezifana iqhosha kwi nhla, ke igama layo - le collarbone. stop Okulandelayo kwi imisebenzi yayo emzimbeni.

Indima amathambo imilenze eliphezulu kwinkqubo yenkxaso ibhanti kunye nezithuthi

Ngaphambili, siye ezichongwe kwi ngamathambo omntu, apho collarbone. Anatomically, elidityaniswe kuyo intsimbi kunye breastbone, ngokubonelela ngenkxaso apho imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ihumerus. Ubume loo compound-lever kwandisa kakuhle awo lweentshukumo esandleni. Le clavicle isebenza isithixo sisenzo ngomatshini ye esiphelweni eliphezulu ukuya esifubeni kunye lomqolo. Apho ezinye izihlunu ezibalulekileyo ukudlala zombini indima static kunye neguquguqukayo eqhotyoshelweyo. Anatomy of the clavicle, imisebenzi ukuba ikhona, isakhiwo ikakhulu lwangaphakathi ngenxa. Siye sajonga ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Histogenesis ithambo

Kwi sithuba uphuhliso osandul of maleko osandul 'ukusekwa iintlobo iseli zasesekondari ezifana fibroblasts, chondroblasts kunye osteoblasts. Of ukuba kuphuhliswe ngakumbi loo zomzimba oyinxalenye amalungu yenkqubo musculoskeletal, ezifana nokuqina, intlala bone. Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: yintoni collarbone ngokubhekiselele kubume lwangaphakathi, khumbula ukuba kukho amathambo ukuba ezibizwa imigqakhwe ngamathambo omntu. Bona zenziwe imiba ngokuba imvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-clavicle senziwa inxenye kwizicwili, kweyi idluliselwe ngaphandle ukuyilwa intlala, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa chondrocytes, leyo ukuqonda inkqubo kwamathambo.

Zeziphi izihlunu zincamathele umbhinqo imilenze eliphezulu

Zonke iintshukumo zomzimba kwenziwa ngendlela amathambo inzame yamxhel'omnye ngamathambo nemisipha, nemisipha nca kuzo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ziqale nemilenze kwi kwegxalaba, izihlunu deltoid lifinyele. Masikhumbule apho collarbone emntwini kwaye kumiselwe indima yayo intshukumo kwezandla. Kubalulekile ukuya kwikona ephezulu ngaphambili ithambo, inxalenye umbhinqo imilenze aphezulu, deltoid apha. Ukuya kwikona elingasemva clavicle usebenzisa trapezoidal kunye trapezoid etsobhileyo nemisipha ukujoyina umsipha sternocleidomastoid.

Eyokuqala kwezi statically ibamba komhlana kwindawo tye, owesibini inika ipani kunye nokujikeleza intloko kwaye inxaxheba iintshukumo sokuphefumla.

Njani na lokusekwa clavicle in embryogenesis

Ukuze ucacelwe kakuhle ukuba yintoni na collarbone, cinga indlela lweebhukmakhi ithambo. Ukwenziwa amathambo kwi Umbungu uqala kunye kwiiveki 5-6 uphuhliso ezingekazalwa, kwaye inkqubo kwamathambo. Kwaye ithambo yokuqala amiliswe ngaphakathi kweyi - i collarbone. Yena uya kuba ngomnye yokugqibela kwakhiwa ngokupheleleyo, ogama kwamathambo ihlala ukuya kwiminyaka-21 yobomi bomntu. bembonakalo yayo luqala hanya zasesekondari germinal iseli layer kwiqela ezinxulumene emithanjeni anatomically mbungu.

Icandelo kunye nohlenga kweeseli mesenchymal ephambili iphela kunye ukubonakala kwimicu eyenziwa fibroblasts. Emva koko bandisa ukwakheka kollagenopodobnoe nengqwebo yawo - osseomukoid kwaye uthabathe ngohlobo imicu. Around kwabo kukho osteoblasts - iiseli ephambili esiqwini ithambo iqalisa ukuvelisa izimbiwa. iintambo ezinezikhondo buzane iityuwa, ngamandla okubuyela kwimo yaye unamathele. Senziwe iiseli bone oqolileyo kunye emithanjeni ezingqongileyo iipleyiti ithambo, ukuba uhlobo amakhonkco concentric nesilinda. Umaleko ongaphandle fibroblasts similise okwaloo periosteum egubungele collarbone.

Pathology amathambo alo mlenze umbhinqo eliphezulu

Siye ichazwe ntoni collarbone kwaye eziveliswe ngayo ngexesha kuphuhliso osandul woMntu. Le mgaqweni zenzeka ngenxa clavicles uphazamiseko kweyi kwi umbungu kwaye wenza yofuzo zabantu.

Ngoko ke, hypoplasia, apho impawu nokungaphuhliseki okanye engekho clavicle kuhlanganiselo kwesebe umbhinqo eliphezulu, isiphako ngenxa isakhi ibekwe autosomes kwaye sikarhulumente lubalaseleyo. Ezifana uphazamiso traumatic dysostosis clavicular zibonakale ukungaqheleki amacandelo zobuso kwaye cranial kwaye lukhatshwa iincakuba zophendlo lwezifo ukuhamba kunye clavicles, kunye dislocations kwi joint acromioclavicular. Lidla eliphezulu yalityatya ngokwamathambo umbhinqo ngezifo kubhalwa kunye nezinye izifo lwesakhiwo amathambo, ezifana kwi Goltz syndrome ukungaqheleki kuphuhliso తీసివేయి Susa, kwemfuneko bala lintsundu kuyondelelaniswe kolusu trophic obudibene hypoplasia le clavicles.

Kweli nqaku, senza kwakhona isakhiwo, umsebenzi kunye ngezifo le clavicle, eyinxenye ye uqhwemesha amalungu aphezulu ngamathambo omntu kunokwenzeka.