Eyona umkhosi sisidleleli seengcongconi. Umjikelo wobomi, isakhiwo, lokwanda sisidleleli

Nangona ukuphuhliswa amayeza, sesinye sezifo ixhaphakileyo ngomhla mihla imalariya. Nangona ngoku kukho amalungiselelo ukulungiselela unyango yayo nempumelelo, kodwa kuthatha ubomi babantu abamalunga nezigidi ezibini ngonyaka ngamnye. Malaria bobabo sisifo protozoan kwaye ibangelwa sisidleleli elincinane - imalariya Plasmodium. Yena umjikelo ubomi, yaye kukho kuphela kumzimba yenethiwekhi. Ngoko ke, ungakwazi ukufumana wosuleleke yimalariya ngokuthi isilwanyana esinayo silume umntu yingcongconi. Le umkhosi ephambili sisidleleli seengcongconi. A ndoda umkhosi wayo intermediate.

Yintoni i-Plasmodium falciparum

Disease lwegciwane - omzimba kwiseli enye. Ku fanele ku elibangela Subkingdom, izinambuzane squad. ezine kuphela iindidi inani elikhulu kwezi zinto ziphilayo ezi olwaye lwamfimfitha kwi umzimba kunye ezibangela seengcongconi. Le Isidleli lisukela emva Sporozoa igazi suborder njengoko iphindaphindeke iiseli egazini, utya haemoglobin kwaye sisasazwa igazi. Ingakumbi elula kuba iya kuba iseli enye, kodwa isebenze njenge liqumrhu elizimeleyo. Ngubani na lo falciparum Plasmodium? Isakhiwo nto ifana naleyo iiseli eqhelekileyo, kodwa ezinobunzima nje kancinci, ekubeni kuthatha indawo nekwakuyinto eyayisenzeka ebomini bakhe manqanaba. Le ephilayo ayikho kuphela mbaxa, kodwa litshintsha imilo, kukhuliswe ize iphinde izivelise kwakhona ngokwesondo asexually.

Iintlobo kunye nesakhiwo yezinambuzane

ezine kuphela iintlobo isifo seengcongconi kubangela izifo ebantwini. isakhiwo kunye nobomi babo umjikelo efanayo, kuphela umahluko kwiindlela ukwenza izinto sifo. Ngako oko, zibizwa ngokuba:

- i-arhente causative lwemalariya tropica;

--arhente causative seengcongconi falciparum;

- a seengcongconi pathogen imini-ezine;

- pathogen Khan-imalariya.

Ngubani na lo falciparum Plasmodium? Ubume yale ephilayo yahlukile kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ekhula. Tapeworm ngohlobo Plasmodium sporozoida - vermiform ecikizekileyo kweseli ubude ephilayo of microns 5.8 kuphela. Emva kokuba ukuqaliswa kwe-iiseli ezibomvu, kuthatha emilise amoeba, kukhuliswe alitshabalalise iiseli ezibomvu. Kusenokubakho sisidleleli ngohlobo iiseli gametocytes ngokwesini, yaye ingcongconi, ukuba bahlanganisane ukuze sporocysts.

Umjikelo wobomi Plasmodium falciparum

Le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Ngexesha Ukudaleka sisidleleli iye siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba sibenokuphila kuphela emzimbeni ezinye izinto ngokukhetha iinginginya ezimbini: indoda iingcongconi. Ngoko ke isifo seengcongconi kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngenxa kukho umthamo isinambuzane okanye ngqo ngegazi. Kukholelwa ukuba umkhosi bokuphela sisidleleli imalariya abantu. Ngapha koko, waba iimpawu zesi sifo kuzibonakalisa ngokwabo, yaye aluthathi nokuziphawula ingcongconi leyo yenethiwekhi. Kodwa enyanisweni oko emzimbeni yayingooqongqothwane na ukuzala ngokwesini sisidleleli. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba abantu - oko ke umkhosi esiphakathi kwe sisidleleli seengcongconi. Yintoni na umjikelo wobomi ipasisa sisidleleli?

1. Xa usana igazi kwi ingcongconi kungena ubuntwana iiseli lwegciwane Plasmodium. Nantso apho ayaqhama waza eqhotyoshelweyo isisu yingcongconi, aqale ukukhula. Iyonke sporozoidov amaphelo unako ukufikelela amakhulu amawaka, kukho inani elikhulu kubo ibekwe kwamadlala amathe le ingcongconi. Ngoko ke isinambuzane - ke umkhosi ephambili sisidleleli seengcongconi.

2. Xa kukulunywa iingcongconi sporozoidy kungena egazini labantu. Apho, ezimfimfitha ucanda ngezigaba ezibini yophuhliso. Lohlulwe esibindini, ukwakha merozoites, uze emva koko ungena iiseli ezibomvu, apho ivavanywa ukuzala maqanda.

Eyona womkhosi sisidleleli seengcongconi

A inaso esi sifo na ingcongconi nemazi kweentlobo omnye - ohlala kwimozulu eshushu. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba uphuhliso Plasmodium falciparum kunokwenzeka kuphela kubushushu ngentla degrees 16. Kwaye kunazo esebenzayo, le nkqubo kwi degrees 25-28. Uvaleleke emzimbeni yingcongconi iiseli kwintsholongwane i-Plasmodium kungenziwa aqhamileyo khona kuphela. Kakade emva kwemizuzu 10-15, kukho elilodwa kwenziwa leyo aguqulwa ukuba prikreplyaetya sporocysts kwaye udonga olungaphandle isisu izinambuzane. Apho uyaqala ukuba bazohlule. Xa sporocyst omnye wambumba amawaka aliqela sporozoidov. A iiseli ezinjalo aqhamileyo kwi ingcongconi ingaba isixa esikhulu. Ngoko ke, lo sporozoidov inani unako ukufikelela amakhulu amawaka. Baya kuthunyelwa wonke umzimba yingcongconi, baba phakathi kwamadlala zakhe amathe. Ngqo sporozoidy Plasmodium falciparum ukungena egazini labantu.

Ubomi sisidleleli emzimbeni womntu

Ngokuthi isilwanyana esinayo silume yingcongconi ethwele silwanyana Plasmodium falciparum ongena egazini abantu. Ezimfimfitha igazi emzimbeni udlula ngezigaba ezibini yophuhliso: ilaphu kunye neeseli abomvu aqoqiwe. Kwaba ngexesha Inqanaba lesibini Plasmodium Nokubengezelisa iimpawu seengcongconi.

1. Isigaba sokuqala kuthiwa ijwabu schizogony. Bangangeni kwizisele isibindi sporozoid iqala ukukhula, ukwakha ukuya ku-50 merozoites tysyach. Bona baya kungena egazini zingene iiseli ezibomvu. Eli nyathelo ibangela akukho iimpawu kwaye ithatha iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwali-16. Kwezinye iimeko, ezifana ngexesha usulelo trednevnoy Plasmodium seengcongconi, inxalenye sporozoidov ahlale lingahlala esibindini, ebangela likakade kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu sifo.

2. Xa Plasmodium uvela kwesibindi egazini, ingena iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kwaye iqala inkqubo yovandlakanyo of erythrocyte schizogony. Ukudla, ihemoglobin merozoites ukuphuhlisa kunye nabelane ukwenza iiseli ezintsha: schizonts maqanda kunye ngokwesondo - gametocytes. Kokutshabalalisa iseli ebomvu igazi, baya kungena plasma yegazi. Ngelo xesha umntu uqala uhlaselo fever. Xa kumiswa gametocytes, iba ngumthombo losulelo, kwaye iqatsela yingcongconi Plasmodium engena umzimba isinambuzane, kwaye iqala apho ukuzala egazini labantu.

Uphuhliso sisidleleli egazini labantu

Kutheni kangaka eyingozi isifo seengcongconi zabantu? Veliswa ukuba lumenza igazi lomntu kokutshatyalaliswa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ezi seli yegazi amaphelo ivavanywa uthotho utshintsho: i merozoites akuguquki trofozoida nqanaba utya ngehemoglobin kwaye likhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko schizonts kwakheka. Ke ande asexually ndiwatshabalalise iseli ebomvu igazi. Kulo mzekelo, igazi lingena neprothini langaphandle, iintsalela potassium ityuwa kwiiseli luyatshatyalaliswa ize yokucolwa yemveliso izinto sisidleleli. Koko ukuhlaselwa fever, le nkqubo ubangela ukuphazamiseka wesibindi, udakada, oko kukhokelele ekwandeni kwizicwili kuzo. Sokonakalisa iiseli ezibomvu kunye abangele anemia. Amaxesha amaninzi ingqondo ochaphazelekayo, oko kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda capillary permeability.

Iimpawu imalariya

Esi sifo ngokuba "kumgxobhozo umkhuhlane" liye kwaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. It yasasazwa kuwo onke amazwe emvula. Kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-17 baqalisa ukuba aphathe ngempumelelo esi sifo usebenzisa amaxolo lomthi cinchona. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwafunyaniswa ezimfimfitha seengcongconi. Kwaba kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20, umjikelo wobomi sisidleleli seengcongconi sele kufundwe iinkcukacha, wadala amachiza asebenza ngokuphatha esi sifo. Ngaphandle koku, kodwa kumazwe ashushu ukufa yimalariya nyaka ngamnye abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300. Malunga nezigidi ezibini amatyala kuphela ekufeni. Esi sifo luphawulwa izigaba ezine:

- The okuthatha apho kukho ubuthathaka, intloko ebuhlungu.

- Inqanaba lesibini, bomkhuhlane. Kuthathela kukungcangcazela. Ngeli xesha, ubume ophilisayo, ukunyuka koxinzelelo, kwaye isigulane akakwazi kufudumala. Emva kweeyure 1-3 yi ubushushu kakhulu - ukuya degrees 41, wabona waphazamiseka, ukugula kunye yintloko. Emva koko, lo amathontsi ubushushu, ekhatshwa ukubila enzima.

- Emva kokuhlaselwa 10-12 usulelo luphela kwaye kukho ixesha lesibini angasebenzi.

- Ukuba unyango engalunganga, ngoko emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa ukwenzeka sifo. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke kwimeko wokosuleleka olunye uhlobo lwe-Plasmodium ebangela imalariya tropica. Inxalenye sporozoidov le amaphelo uhlala esibindini yabantu esimeni sokulala.

Yintoni na ingozi yesifo

Ukongezelela ephindaphindekayo amaxesha umkhuhlane, imalariya kukwaphula zonke iinkqubo kunye namaziko. Inokuphuhlisa engabalulekanga muscular, neuritis, migraine, nephritis, thrombocytopenia kunye nezinye. Ngamandla echaphazela kwesibindi kunye nezintso. Kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo esingapheliyo kwaye nzima ukunyanga. Basengozini ungenwe nabantwana - izinga lokusweleka phakathi kwabo liphezulu. Kude kube ngoku, esi sifo kuqhelekile kakhulu e-Afrika, Australia, Umzantsi Melika, kunxweme yoLwandle oluBomvu lweMeditera, South-East Asia ne India.

Treatment kunye nokuthintela seengcongconi

Nokuba kuluntu lwanamhlanje abakwazi ukumelana nesi sifo. Ngapha koko, umnini eyintloko Plasmodium falciparum - le ingcongconi. Kumazwe yimvula, ingakumbi xa imozulu ulophu, ezi zinambuzane eninzi kunene. Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni izifo - ukuze bazikhusele impovane. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa iminatha ingcongconi okanye Izigxothi. Ukunyanga esi sifo xa abosulelwe ngoku usebenzisa eninzi iziyobisi :. "Hlorozin" Mefloquine, "" Primaquine "," Akrikhin "aziwayo ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19" Umkhwinini "Abazange ngokukhawuleza isikiwe iimpawu kuqala ukuhlasela, kodwa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo sisidleleli. abantu abahlala kwiindawo emvula kwaye wabandezeleka ngenxa yokugula, ukufumana omzimba zohlobo pathogen, kodwa kunokuba abathwali usuleleko. yaye abo baza ukuya kula mazwe, kucetyiswa ukuba ukuthatha rhoqo anti-nemalariya.