China Navy: ukwakhiwa iinqanawa neempawu

China Fleet amasiko kuba iingcambu zawo kumaxesha amandulo, baye kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kunye zeminyaka. Kodwa namhlanje, impumelelo elidluleyo bambalwa abantu abanomdla, mhlawumbi mbali. Namhlanje, iklabhu lwamazwe kunye awona mandla aselwandle iquka China. Ubenesinqanawa ilizwe, njengako uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo, kule wesithathu (kwiinkalo ezithile - elinesibini) indawo apha ehlabathini. Njengoko yeetoni jikelele ngayo yesibini kuphela i US Navy, kodwa combat emva Russian ubunakho. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uyaqhubeka ubuntshatsheli kwinani labasebenzi. Oku Zinjalo yonke imikhosi exhobileyo, ebizwa yaBantu Liberation Army of China.

wenqanawa yaseTshayina e kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX

Emva kokuba wahlulwa Japan ngo-1895, eli lizwe elaqala ibe zembujiswano isidumo elide. Ilizwe yehlelwa ixesha backwardness yobugcisa kunye nezentlalo, wayeziva imincili, imvukelo, nangenxa indima ephambili amandla yomkhosi wamanzi nako ukudlala kulo mmandla. Le mali yayincinane, imikhosi exhobileyo ayengenazixhobo indlela buthathaka. Umzamo maxesha lwenziwa ngo-1909: endaweni ezine azinakulawuleka (Northern, Canton, Shanghai kunye Fuzhou) baba emithathu - North, Central noMzantsi. Njengenxenye ngamnye kubo inqanawa enye kwaye ezininzi (ezisixhenxe) cruisers, apho inkoliso ukukhawulelana nemigangatho ye gunboats. Yena zingaguqulwa, phofu ecothayo-, inkqubo yolawulo kunye nezibonelelo. Government Yade injongo ukomeleza Navy kwaye iye yasungula ngayo iinqanawa mihla, kodwa linge aluphumelelanga, kwakhona, ngenxa yezizathu zebhajethi. It ikwazile ukwakha ezintathu kuphela cruisers kunye kubabulali. Emva koko, lo kwezithuthi kwakhona kanye kuphela, xa ndingenamsindo irikhwizishini ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, iinqanawa Austria-Hungarian kunye nesiJamani, ngempazamo watyelela China. Ubenesinqanawa lizwe ngenkankulu yala maxesha ukususela ngelo xesha kude kuye ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Formation of China Navy

Isibakala sokuba China waba nesinqanawa enamandla kwaye mihla, wayengenamdla ehlabathini post-imfazwe, akukho lizwe, ngaphandle yiSoviet Union, kholwa elisandul 'ukusekwa China ally yayo yengingqi eAsiya. iiyunithi yakhe yokuqala kwaba njengelifa Navy of the Republic of KMT iinqanawa ugugile, kuquka sokwemba i yaseJapan wavusa kunye gun boat kwalungiswa "Yena ukuve-." Navy China wakha ngokutsha, kwaye ngaphandle uncedo amazwe ukuba akwanelanga. Namaqabane ayo eSoviet waba. Amawaka sabacebisi zomkhosi, abaqeqeshiweyo babe namava ulupwa, wenze yonke into ukuze kukhule abasebenzi abanobuchule. Xa ekwindla ka 1949 amaGosa Dalian Naval School yasekwa. Ngaphandle kokuba sekisa inkqubo yokwakha yokulwa, yokuqala ngokwesiseko projekthi yaphuhliswa USSR. Emva kokukhutshelwa kwicala Chinese ka ePort Arthur kwi kulahlwe Pla yaba isixa esikhulu izixhobo zomkhosi, kuquka iinqanawa. Ekupheleni yaseKorea kweMfazwe baseMerika kwanyanzeleka ukuba bayavuma ukuba le ngingqi ibe yinkokeli entsha - China. Navy ilizwe wamaKomanisi de wokulwa amandla obuphantsi kakhulu ukuya kwizithuthi ze-USA, ngokusekelwe kwi eHawaii, kodwa ummandla wonxweme kuyingozi.

Chart umbutho

isakhiwo Fleet yamkelwa emva ngo-1909, iingcali zeSoviet yathatyathwa kangangoko. Waye ngokwemibandela uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu: North, South kunye East kunye kumazibuko ezinkulu esekelwe e Qingdao, Ningbo kunye Chzhantyane ngokulandelelanayo. Kule mizi lunezakhiwo zolawulo kunye nezibonda. Ukongeza, ngokomlomo nqanawa ngamnye (ngokususela semkhosini), nangona subordinated kulawulo lulonke Pla. Kuye yakhiwe phezu kwamanzi, kunye neendawo kwamanzi yonxweme mboni. iinqanawa Navy Chinese kakhulu eSoviet-yakhiwe, ngoko ke ulwazi ulwimi Russian ukuba igosa yomkhosi wamanzi baba enyanzelekileyo. Yokulingisa ukuze Soviet emkhosini ibonakaliswa zombini imbonakalo.

Form negxalaba iirholithi

iiyunifomu Soviet emkhosini II xesha, ingakumbi ulwandle, features panache ethile, leyo nokuba kuthiwe endala-mbuso. epaulets Gold, ibhatyi abamnyama kunye iziziba zamagxa kunye ikhanya ukumqumbisa libuyiselwe umva amaxesha prerevolutionary yaye yavusa noqhankqalazo ookhokho ezukileyo. Officer nakumfuzelo Navy of China ilifa eli pozdnestalinsky chic. Ezizibeni zamagxa, kwakunye eSoviet, kukho izikhewu, amagosa aphezulu ezimbini, kunye womncinci. Indawo sprockets kunye nexabiso lazo ekwafanekisa le yamkelwe kwi Navy isikhundla uLieutenant ku Admiral. Abanye identity kazwelonke wagcinela kumabakala abancinane. gaba Military le Navy of China ezahlukeneyo ukusuka eSoviet kunye Russian ngenxa iimpawu transcriptional, kodwa isakhiwo lulonke abaphathi-mkhosi sigcinwe.

abantu

Form abasebenzi aselwandle wacela le Navy of China iphantse ngokupheleleyo uyaluphinda Russian. Engaphantsi efanayo, kodwa a band eliphezulu ebanzi. ikepusi kwakhe, kananjalo, ziyafana kakhulu, nangona imibhalo obhalwe. Akwaziwa ngayo ibhulukhwe buttoned: oomatiloshe Russian ukususela kwixesha uPetros amaqhosha ngokwemveli athungwe emacaleni, apho kwi iblukhwe eziqhelekileyo nepokotho. Kunoko, oomatiloshe Chinese iinkcukacha ezinjalo ayaziwa, njengoko ixabiso imivumbo ezintathu khola-jack. Baya - imbeko ngokuphumelela amathathu Russian lwaphela (Hanko, Chesma, Sinop).

Chinese lwaphela Lihle kakhulu, imilo ehleli phezu kwazo izihlangu elungileyo likhazimliswe, ubhedu isiqhoboshi esinokukhatyelwa ezipalini. Bonke nolwethu. Zimpawu ezahlukeneyo kancinane chevrons fomu.

UMphathiswa Imisebenzi uQabane Lin Ben

oomatiloshe Chinese becala wakwazi ukuphepha iinkqubo entshabalalo, kwi "Cultural Revolution" wahlasela lonke China. Navy wathabatha inxaxheba abathintela kwimvukelo of Wuhan ngo-1967, kodwa indima yakhe zolwaphulo Maoist limited. "Mkhulu omnqakathi Phambili" ndingungantweni, yaye ngoko nangoko emva imigudu yakhe yokugqibela asiphumelelanga yomPhathiswa wezoKhuselo of Lin Ben waqalisa yotshintsho isiseko zobugcisa. Malunga isihlanu yonke le mali yasemkhosini eyayichithwa kwizithuthi. Ebudeni beminyaka elishumi yesixhenxe kwenkulungwane XX inani lweenqanawa ezintywilayo likhule kumakhulukhulu (ngo-1969 kwakukho 35 kuphela), inani lweenqanawa ezintywilayo (baba ngamakhulu amabini) zanda phindene kalishumi. Uphuhliso nkwili zikhali.

Eli yaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso amandla Chinese yomkhosi wamanzi, kodwa wahamba de ngendlela omkhulu.

yee-

Injengele Navy of China Liu Huaqing, ababambelela isithuba ukususela ngowe-1980, waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni uQabane Den Syaopina. Wakwazi ukulukuhla de facto intloko likarhulumente kwicala jikelele qhinga yomkhosi wamanzi kufuneka utshintshe ngobunto kwicala umgangatho langoku yomkhosi wamanzi eTshayina. Kuyabonakala ukuba Ukubunjwa iinqanawa ezininzi wakhangela gqitha, kodwa enyanisweni ke kwakunzima bakhuphisane ne-US okanye eSoviet abagungxuli mihla kunye cruisers ngezikhali. Inqanaba lemfundo yeenjengele zaselwandle kufuneka inyuke. Ukuqhelaniswa imfundiso efunekayo ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze babuye kwimisebenzi nje eselunxwemeni ubabalo kwiilwandle ezivulekileyo. Oku kufuna imijukujelwa Sanduluka ngeenqanawa, uhlobo eziye azinakulawuleka USSR kunye USA. kuphehlelelo sokuqala ICBM ukusuka ibhodi umjukujelwa Chinese lwaqhutywa ngo-1982. Ngowe-1984-1985, iinqanawa Navy Chinese watyelela utyelelo enobuntu kumazwe amathathu angabamelwane. Impumelelo uthobekile, kodwa inkqubela kwabonakala.

Ixesha post-Soviet

Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yesithathu yeminyaka, ihlabathi unenzondelelo iinkqubo ukuba awuyitshintshanga le eseleyo iyonke ngamandla. Ukuba ngexesha Mao Kitay wabonisa neentshisekelo zikhula ngokunxulumene eSoviet Union, emva ekuweni ngobunzulu mabango phantse ubunile. Phakathi izizathu ezininzi yokwenza nokuncipha uxinzeleko kwi kwimida olusempuma eRussia ukukhula ephambili olukhulu kwezomnotho eTshayina, nezithe kule mihla "umasifundisane ehlabathini". Kwaneliswe le kwiiplanti zeekhemikali ezisongela ukuba abe naweebhombu eyenziwe ngumntu imizi enabantu abaninzi, umthamo sandayo kwimveliso kunye nezinye iimeko eziye zakhoke- utshintsho imfundiso zomkhosi kweli lizwe.

Kwi ukuziphendulela, inkokheli Chinese baqhubeka ukuthatha unonophelo, kodwa ugxininiso yayisele phezu iindlela eziphakamileyo-zobugcisa, uyakwazi ukubakhusela eli lizwe, uqoqosho kunye nabantu evela ubungozi. Ukongeza, ingxaki belingqongqo Taiwan kunye neminye imimandla iphikiswayo.

Endlwaneni "Varyag" - moya Cruiser, engafunwanga ngakumbi kunaye nabani na, kwathengwa ngexabiso iimfuno weenqanawa Chinese. Namhlanje luye lwaba yenethiwekhi wokuqala kuphela moya ka Navy of China.

fleet Modern

Okwangoku Navy of China zimelwe yi kula macandelo alandelayo:

Zenethiwekhi - 1 ( "Liaoning", owayesakuba "Varyag", i-Chinese inqanawa inkulu -. Ukubana yayo nama-60 leetoni).

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo enomjukujelwa - 1 ( "xia", iprojekthi 092), kwi kokugqitywa okanye zigqityiwe ezininzi (ubuncinane ezine), "Jin" iiprojekthi (094) kunye "Tang" (096).

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo nomgangatho woposo ye enyukliya - 6 iiPC. (Project "Lahla", "Han" yaye "shan").

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Diesel - 68 iiPC.

imikhumbi ASW - 116 ii-PC.

abagungxuli enomjukujelwa -26 pc.

frigates enomjukujelwa - 49 iiPC.

izikhephe enomjukujelwa - 85 iiPC.

izikhephe inomzimba - 9 iiPC.

Gunboats - 117 ii-PC.

Itanki imikhumbi ukufika - 68 iiPC.

Iphenyane on an komqamelo air - 10 iiPC.

RC kwebiwa leenqanawa - 4 iiPC.

Large hovercraft emanzini "Bison" - 2-PC. (Mhlawumbe ukuze babe kunye 4).

Plus ngaphezu kwewaka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo moya, amacandelo eyama yomkhosi.

Iitoni ezingama-China iinqanawa ngaphezulu kwe 896 lamawaka. Okulahlwayo okuyingozi. Ukulinganisa:

Russian lwaphela - 927 kweetoni eziliwaka ..

US Navy - 3, million 378 iitoni ..

abasebenzi

I-United States kunye Government of Japan kakhulu wavakalisa inkxalabo malunga ngamandla nokukhula kwe-Chinese Navy. Iifoto iinqanawa emgceni kwikholam wake, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ukuhlaziya eloyikekayo ipapashwe kwiijenali kunye sites iindaba zipapashwe. Kodwa ezi patheni kwenzxiwa lixesha kwaye elingezantsi US, zezona bugbear ephambili. Kakhulu inani encomekayo ebonisa inani oomatiloshe yaseTshayina kunye namajoni, zibe phezu kwemimiso elunxwemeni. Ngokutsho imithombo eyahlukeneyo, oko malunga ulingana nabantu 350 lamawaka.

Phakathi kwabo:

Marine - 56.5 amawaka.

Njengenxenye Forces Coastal - 38 amawaka.

Naval Aviation amawaka 34. Isosha.

Kakade ke, lukhulu. oomatiloshe american phi - kukho kuphela 332 amawaka.

abazalwana ngonaphakade - Russian and Chinese?

Ihlabathi yanamhlanje yenzelwe ukuze urhulumente, ukukhusela izinto zabo, kufuneka liwenze "ubuhlobo nxamnye" umntu naye, njengokuba umthetho, nguye yedwa. indawo Common phezu iingxaki ezininzi zehlabathi inegalelo emkhosini Russian kunye nentsebenziswano kwezopolitiko, kunye neTshayina. Russia exercises ngokudibeneyo aselwandle kunye China kunyaka ophelileyo kwenzeka enolwandle ngeenxa zombini ezahlulwe ngokubanzi - lweMeditera kunye Japan. Le umboniso lokulungela ndicela uncedo macala kunye namanyathelo yamxhel'omnye akuthethi ukuba kukho ungquzulwano lizwe emkhosini ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuxhasa enye ngenxa yokungenelela ngqo. Ukuba China ufuna ukuyibuyisela kwisiqithi Taiwan okanye ndiziqhawule yinxalenye yommandla Vietnam (oko kukuthi kwakhona ally qhinga kwingingqi South-East Asian eRashiya), akuthandeki ukuba alinde nje ukhathalelo kuphela, kodwa kwakhona uvelwano ukusuka 'ummelwane esemantla. " Enye into - imisebenzi ngokubambisana elwandle nxamnye Pirates kunye abanqolobi. Kodwa China - lizwe yoxolo-bothando, ezifana eRashiya.

Kutyelelo? Wamkelekile!

Emva oomatiloshe Mediterranean odla Chinese aselwandle watyelela utyelelo enobuntu ilizwe Russian. Chinese iinqanawa Navy e Novorossiysk wambulisa ezingamashumi amabini ananye kunaso ivolibholi, iibhetri eselunxwemeni Tsemess Bay ephendula uhlobo.

Oomatiloshe zombini navies bathatha inxaxheba kwiziganeko leeholide lunikezelwa engama-70 oyise Fascism waseJamani.

A indawo yokuhlanganisana Russian lwaphela iingqwayi amasekela (A. Fedotenkova) kunye China (Du Tszinchenya) yaba 34 chibi isixeko pier. Lo msitho, nangona, ubushushu esemthethweni ezikhethekileyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ezo uhlela "intsebenziswano Sea - 2015" yimpumelelo. Mhlawumbi oku esebenzisa yakutshanje joint yamajoni Navy of Russia, China.