Cathedral of St. Stanislaus ne St. Vladislav, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus kunye St. Vladislav (Vilnius, Lithuania) - ayikho kuphela Umtsalane woKhanketho enkulu kulo mzi, kodwa ke eziphambili Roman Catholic Church kulo lonke elo lizwe. Le sise emazantsi Inqaba Hill, encotsheni apho kumi Tower of Gediminas. Ndwendwela likomkhulu Lithuania, hayi ukubona Cathedral nje akunakwenzeka, enoba utyelelo lwakhe azinakufakwa kwisicwangciso sakho. Yi isikwere yecawa zonke iindlela inxalenye endala komzi. Yintoni Cathedral idume kakhulu, ukuba lowo sinikezelwa? Yintoni ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ngokungena phantsi Iingqameko uyingangamsha? Oku kuza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.

isimo Basilica: kuthetha ntoni?

Okokuqala ukucacisa umbuzo kutheni Cathedral of St. Stanislaus ne St Vladislav kubaluleke olunjalo yonke Vilnius naseLithuania xa amakholwa. Ukususela ngo-1922, itempile wanikwa iwonga sonto. Eli gama livela kwisiGrike "basileus" -imperator ukumkani. Isihloko iitempile amabhaso yecawa zisiya i Pope ukugxininisa ifitsha ibandla. Ke igama elithi "yecawa" kuthetha ukuba ibandla - isixeko esikhulu.

Yintoni ekhethekileyo kangaka Cathedral yaseSt eliyi kunye Vladislav ukuba wabelwa kwirenki omkhulu onje? Okokuqala, kuba lelona lidala kweli lizwe. Okwesibini, kwakukho ibekwa ngookumkani of Great Lithuania. Okwesithathu, xa crypt kwebandla kungcwatywa abathetheli abadumileyo, nabaveleli nezidwangube. Kwaye Okwesine, kwakusekho izibophelele zonke iinkonzo ibandla zibalulekileyo kunye nemibhiyozo zoluntu. Ngoko ke musa ukuya Cathedral ka Vilnius kungaba okungalungile kuye.

Imbali lwesakhiwo

Kudala-dala kule ndawo sayifumana amaqaba. Imbeko uthixo Thunder Umbane imini nobusuku umlilo phezu kwesibingelelo. Le ilitye yafunyanwa abembi ngokwentelekiso kutshanje kwizisele yetempile, ngeli xesha ubethwa. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane weshumi, uKumkani Mindaugas Lithuanian (kwalawula, kuthabathela 1223) wayefuna ukuba acele Livonians inkxaso wamajoni enamandla kakhulu ngelo xesha eYurophu le Knights, ngoko waba ngumKristu. Xa isayithi ye kwitempile yobuhedeni Perun wakha ibandla (cishe kwi 50 kwinkulungwane ye-13). Kodwa kamva umthetheli wabuyela unqulo yakhe yangaphambili. yatshatyalaliswa ibandla, kwaye endaweni yayo wamisa itempile Perkunas i Thunderer.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1387 oko ekugqibeleni wafaka ubuKristu kweli lizwe. Ukususela ngoko ikomkhulu Poland e Krakow weza Vilnius Korol Yagaylo, lowo ngelo xesha, yaye Grand iNkosana Lithuania, yena ngokobuqu ilishwa wetempile yobuhedeni. Endaweni yawo uKumkani yena wabeka ilitye yokuqala Catholic Church. Ngoko Cathedral of St. Stanislaus yakhiwa. Kuye kwakhiwa indlela Gothic ngeendonga ubukhulu kunye enezixhaso. Le ndlu yecawa wema kwada 1419.

indlu ayaguquka

Ukusuka Gothic kwitempile mihla wahlala iziqwenga ndedwa. Cathedral kutshiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo (ngo-1399 no-1419 ngokulandelelanayo, ngokunjalo izihlandlo eziliqela ebudeni kwinkulungwane yeshumi). Ekubeni itempile ibekwe kwi usingasiqithi sisiya waya emlanjeni Neris (Vilija igama yesibini), yena ntonje lixhoba izikhukhula. Kodwa Cathedral of St. Stanislaus rhoqo sakhiwe abemi babe ngakumbi sihle ngakumbi. Ingakumbi kakhulu imali kunikwe kwecawa wanikela Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas kunye nomfazi wakhe Anna Svyatoslavovna.

Le ndlu yecawa kwakhona isimbo Renaissance. Ukuze wenze oku, ukususela Italy Korol Sigizmund Augustus wabhala master nabayili - Bernardo Zanobbi yes Gianotti, yaye kamva Dzhovanni Chini of Siena. Kodwa ke impumelelo enkulu ilitye ayifikelelekanga ixesha lethu. A umlilo 1610 bayonakalisa ukudalwa iinkosi Renaissance. Ukubuyiselwa le ndlu yecawa kwakukho wezakhiwo abangene Vilgelm Pol. impumelelo yakhe watshabalalisa umkhosi Russian, nto leyo 1655 wasithimba ke eso sixeko kunye isiseko itempile yobuciko baphanga. Wayigqiba ukutshatyalaliswa yomkhosi Swedish.

Njengoko isakhiwo iye yafumana ujongo lwangoku

Ngowe-1769, Vilnius salalisa ibonwe isiphango. Yimimoya esinombala wawisa inqaba ngasezantsi etempileni, elangcwabekayo ngaphantsi emathunjini inkunkuma abefundisi ezintandathu. Le ntlekele kwenza ukuba abemi ukuze bakholwe ukuba imfuneko yakhiwe kakhulu ukuba Cathedral of St. Stanislaus.

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esitsha kwi emanxuweni omdala ngqo abadumile umyili Lithuanian Lourinas Gucevičius. Ke wamitha iprojekthi yebhongo - ukudibanisa ibe lomculo enye yokwakha izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo isimbo: nezivalo engundoqo (Gothic), Wena mboni, ka St. Casimir (sobuciko), nezinye Izindlwana (Renaissance). Kwangaxeshanye, umakhi wayefuna itempile ukuhlangabezana umoya era lwanamhlanje. Kwathi ngelo xesha kugcwele classicism. Njengoko ukhawule womzobi, le ndlu yecawa bekumele ukuba zifane itempile yamandulo yesiGrike. Ukubona abantwana babo Gucevičius akuyomfuneko. Kodwa emva kokufa kwakhe umsebenzi waqhubeka zezinye nabayili bezakhiwo, ngokwezigqibo necebo lakhe.

leSoviet

Ngowe-1922, uPopu Benedict oluhlakaziweyo iwonga Second Vilnius Cathedral Basilica. Nokuba ngexesha Second World War zaye zabanjwa kunqulo etempileni. Kodwa abasemagunyeni eSoviet emva nokudliwa Lithuania ingqalelo le Cathedral of St. Stanislaus anti-eSoviet. Icawa lavalwa yaye yaba yokugcina. Ngowe-1950, oko wasuswa eluphahleni yecawa, wabatshabalalisa imifanekiso yabangcwele. Elilawulayo weza ukuba mbi. Izibongozo abemi 1956, Vilnius Picture Gallery wamiswa kwindawo eyayisakuba Cathedral. Sakhiwo wabuyiselwa kwaye ukusukela ngo-1963 ngeCawa etempileni waqala ukusingatha Ikonsathi.

Ukususela ngo-1980, siye saqalisa ukusebenza elikhulu-abasakhasayo okuhlangula esekelwe ezizodwa. Yayiqhubeka iminyaka elishumi. Ngowe-1989 ibandla yanikwa i- Roman Catholic Church. Kokuba ezinzile imiba ipropati kunye nayo. Ngoko ke imyuziyam phakathi kweendonga zetempile wahlala. Ngoku ifumaneka kwi crypt (ongaphantsi) isonto.

Yangaphandle ingaphakathi

Olungaphambili wesakhiwo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo isimbo yamandulo. It is Zazihonjiswe imiqolo eqingqiweyo kuphahla ukusungulwa ukusuka iifoto St. Stanislaus, Kazimir noElena. Xa yayigcinwa uyakwazi ukubona eqingqiweyo abavangeli ezine.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) oluhle ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ezinye omahlanu frescos nemizobo iinkulungwane 16-19 ayivathise iindonga. Oko kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, kuba yingcwele ka St. Casimir. Yakhiwa benkulungwane elinesixhenxe ngokomyalelo kaKumkani eyathatha III Vasa.

Ukwakhiwa kwaziswa umyili Italian K. Tensallo kwakunye nezinto isakhiwo esisetyenziselwa yelitye lentlabathi Swedish naziiperile emibalabala ukusuka Apennines kunye Carpathians. Xa crypt isonto ise engcwabeni, belele apho kwiikumkani ezininzi, kuquka ookumkanikazi ezimbini, umfazi owayesakuba eyathatha Augustus. Le Elizabeth Habsburg nabafazi ezintle ixesha lakhe Barbora Radziwill. Kwakhona ezindongeni zendlu ubuxoki intliziyo kaKumkani Vasa.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) Idilesi kunye nenye ingcaciso eluncedo

Fumana le tempile ilula. Le isembindini kweso sixeko, i Cathedral Square, 1. Funda ngokulula ngokuvuka kufuphi i intsimbi inqaba endala. ICawe kuvulelekile yonke imihla, ukususela ezisixhenxe kusasa kwada iiyure-19. Jonga ngaphakathi alo kweli xesha, ukuba akwenziwanga ngendlela intlama. Iiyure zonqulo zixhomekeke ngeentsuku zeveki kunye neeholide zonqulo.

Cathedral of St. Stanislaus (Lithuania) izibonda imbeko ekhethekileyo abeza apha ukuze banqule uthuthu ookumkani abakhulu. Intlawulo crypt yokungena (4 euro). Ukongeza engcwabeni etempileni nomqolomba imyuziyam yembali. Apho ungabona siyinxalenye akhu- icawa yokuqala nezibingelelo zobuhedeni.