Cape Dezhnev kwimephu of Russia: indawo, imbali, kunye iifoto. Uphi na Cape Dezhnev?

Ngomhla imephu Russia ziindawo ezininzi umdla wazi konke ngazo nje akunakwenzeka. kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo kunye needolophana, iintaba kunye nemilambo. Kweli nqaku mnye, siza kuthetha ngayo inxalenye enjalo encinane, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu yaye umdla kweli lizwe njengoko Cape Dezhnev.

A incinane

Phambi ukuhlola ulwazi kwi-Cape, ufuna ukuqonda encinane ibe imbali kwaye ufumanise ukuba ngubani discoverer yayo, ngubani na kwindoda athanda ukuyibeka embekweni Cape got igama layo. Kubonakala umdla nento yokuba iNtshona de-1879 wabizwa nje East. Kwaye kuphela kunyaka kude xa Ebongozwa le yaseSweden polar Explorer A. E. Nordenshelda sathiywa imbeko ungumphandi Russian abadumileyo yaye yaziwa kakuhle neMpuma Koloni kunye noMntla eSiberia - Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev. Semyon ngokwakhe owayephila ngenkulungwane ye-17, kwaba kuphela abahloli omkhulu, kodwa isikhulu Cossack. Ngexesha ubomi bakhe olo wayechaphazeleka kulo zeenkcuba ezininzi kunye amadabi, ndabe malunga 13 ababuleweyo, ezintathu kuzo nzima kakhulu. Noko ke, oku akuzange ayeke lomqhubi. Ngo-1647 waye wajoyina i-hambo Popov njengoko kumqokeleli uviko. Neqela elifanayo abahlobo waza waya ngasempuma. iinqanawa ezininzi zaphuka olu hambo, kodwa Dezhnev amaqabane akhe ifikelele lexinene phakathi Asia naseMelika, akuba elirhangqiweyo i Chukchi Peninsula ngecala langasentla. Ngomhla kweenxweme ebizwa ngokuba "big Impumlo Chukchi kaThixo" (ngoku kwaye kukho Cape Dezhnev) wayeka iqela lakhe, waba lundwendwe le Eskimos. kwiphulo lakhe Semyon Ivanovich, enyanisweni, wenza vula ezimbini ezinkulu ukusuka kwindawo geographical ngayo:

1. Kwakungqina ukuba Melika - izwekazi ozimeleyo ngokupheleleyo, ezahlulwe ngamanzi.
2. Ndafumanisa ukuba ukususela eYurophu ukuya eTshayina, unako ukufikelela olwandle emantla, ehamba nje eSiberia.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho imibuzo malunga eyafumana Cape Dezhnev. Kwakuba kakhulu Semyon. Kodwa malunga Strait, wathiywa igama uLwandle wethu, t. To. Ulwazi kwiz- Dezhneva eYurophu azikhange (yonke ibihleli in Yakutsk entolongweni). Ngoko ke, lo discoverer zonke-ephambili usekho for V. wethu.

malunga amagama

Umdla kwaye wayeza kuba ulwazi ibalisa amagama Koloni. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kuyo kwathiwa Umlawuli Dezhnev. Ngemihla yomphefumlo umphandi nje ngokuba Big Chukchi impumlo, okanye impumlo Stone. Kwakhona yayisaziwa igama layo, njengoko kuyimfuneko (umz. E. Enye akunakuphepheka). Kwaye ngo 1778, i-IsiNgesi morehodets Cook ebizwa nje eMpuma Koloni (njengoko wayesaziwa ikakhulu eYurophu), amadoda enxibe igama lokuba uyinike igama kwakhona e-Cape Dezhnev.

geography

nga njani ukufumana i-Cape Dezhnev kwimaphu? Kakhulu nje, ukuba ibekwe kummandla Chukotka, kwaye eyona ngongoma yasempuma belizwekazi. Ngaphandle yokuba eyona ngongoma yasempuma mpumalanga Russia, ngoko ke kwakhona kwindawo yempuma lonke Eurasia. Kuba umphefumlo leNtshona ayiloncedo kakhulu, njengoko uluhlu intaba (ukuphakama kwayo ifikelela iimitha 740), esiphela yasuka elwandle. Le ibekwe kwi wethu Strait, edityaniswe kwi Sea Chukchi (Arctic Ocean) kunye noLwandle ukukhumbula (Pacific Ocean). Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi kwaye ilungelelanise Cape Dezhnev. Oku 66 ° 04'45 "kunye. w. 169 ° 39'7 "W. d.

Kwindawo ekufutshane

Kakhulu ulwazi umdla kukuba of Cape Dezhnev (indawo yasempuma Eurasia) kunye neCape Prince of Wales (kwinqanaba yasentshona Intshona Melika - Alaska), malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-86 kuphela. Yaye ngemini ecacileyo apha unako nokuba ubone amagqabantshintshi lizwekazi - North America.

Naukan

Nangona Cape Dezhnev phantse ungafanelekanga ukuba ubomi, akukho usenalo lokukhokhela yokuhlala. neekhilomitha ezilishumi kude ke kwilali encinane Uelen. Kwi ndawo enye kakhulu ekapa ishiyelwa kwilali whaling Naukan olwalukho emva kwi-18-20 kwiinkulungwane th. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha leSoviet, ngo-1958, eli phulo ukususa kubantu Russian ukusuka eUnited States, kwilali ichithiwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwakukho malunga nama-400 abantu, olu sapho lwaluquka iintlobo omkhulu 13. Namhlanje, ezinye iintsapho, oomawokhulu, kakhulu-nootatomkhulu ababehlala Naukane uhlala kude, kwiilali ezikufutshane Lorino Chukchi, Whalen, Lawrence, kunye Eskimo namagxamesi Sereniki, Uelkar, New Chaplin. Le lali ngokwayo kugqalwa lesikhumbuzo zokwakha kwaye ukhuselwe imithetho nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo.

Whalen

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ilali ekufuphi to Cape Dezhnev - zokuhlala Whalen. Umdla kuya kuba le ngcaciso ilandelayo: igama lakhe endala - Ulyk ', Chukchi - Pok'ytkyn, Eskimo - Olyka'. Eguqulelwe konke oku kuthetha "isiphelo sehlabathi", "isiphelo sehlabathi", "indawo igcwale ngamanzi." Kufuneka ke ukuba ngaphambili kude Whalen waba Eskimo ityala, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe indawo Chukchi Eskimos, wangapandle indawo yokuhlala kufuphi Cape Dezhnev. Okwangoku, le lali iyunithi yolawulo ezimeleyo kakhulu. Kukho abe imicimbi yayo, lwamashishini ezolimo, kwisikolo esibhodisayo, esisikhululo zemozulu, iziko loluntu, enkulisa, esibhedlele. Ukongeza zokuphuma ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Eyona misebenzi iphambili kule lali: yokuzingelwa ezanyisayo elwandle. Apha geni itywina elineentshebe, isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade, seals, kwaye kutsha nje China. efanayo Ubomi zaselwandle ngoko balapha kunye norhwebo.

Biota

Yintoni enye isisityebi Cape Dezhnev? Ngoko ke, kukho izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezahlukileyo. Abahlali elwandle: i bowhead neminenga ndiyingwevu, itywina elineentshebe, cod polar, sculpin, flounder, cod nesafron kunye Isakare Arctic. Lidla kukho izilwanyana ezifana wolverine, ingcuka, impungutye, impungutye Arctic, ibhere elimhlophe. Ke zona iintaka, apha ubomi ptarmigan kwaye imhlophe nezikhova, Ingekalili, merlin kunye guillemots.

ezikhumbuzo

Qonda uphi Cape Dezhnev kwimephu ka-Russia, kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukuqwalasela inkcazelo encinane malunga ezikhumbuzo, usebenziso, okanye zombini kwi Koloni, yaye hayi kude kuyo. Yokuqala kunye nomtsalane ephambili leNtshona - lesikhumbuzo iinqanawa Semenu Ivanovichu Dezhnevu. Yakhiwa ngendlela obelisk omhle quadrangular. Ifunyanwa kwintaba ephakame 100 metres ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kufuphi nalapho kukho umnqamlezo enkulu yakudala, leyo, Isimanga ngokwaneleyo, kunjalo ubukeka enkulu. Kuyinyaniso ukuba lali, bay, eso siqithi usingasiqithi ziye ogama lakhe behlonipha Umlawuli Dezhnev. Kwaye Ustyug Enkulu ngowe-1972, Semyon waba lesikhumbuzo. Ngoku kancinane malunga imibombo belele endhawini of Cape Dezhnev:

1. Uelen yamangcwaba. Oku ikakhulu ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokubhekiselele zakudala yamangcwaba.
2. Ekven - Eskimo emangcwabeni, apho namhlanje i lesikhumbuzo zakudala kubaluleke federal. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela zakudala.
3. I Eskimo yokuhlala kakhulu yayikho, nto leyo kamva apheliswe - Naukan.

malunga ubuhle

Emva kwako konke oku kungasentla singatsho kakuhle ukuba kukho into enikisa umdla kakhulu okuyo Cape Dezhnev (ifoto - ubungqina yokuqala yale). Apha ezikhona amathanga intaka ezininzi. Apha uyakwazi kwakhona ukubona zamanzi rookery ulwandle - mbono ukonwabisa, ingakumbi abantu babengayazi oku. A Thombo ke unako nokuba ubone amabhere nabantwana (neendwendwe ukuba ukukhumbula abamhlophe kanye ikhathuni bear Umka kunye nomama wakhe). Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kufutshane kakhulu namanxweme abhabhe iminenga engwevu iminenga ngumbulali ezintle. Yaye ngemini ecacileyo ubona apha, nkqu elunxwemeni i kwilizwekazi ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo - North America.