Ummiselo wethambo ngeempumlo kwiiveki 12: indicators. Norms ye uvavanyo lokuqala lokukhulelwa: ubude ithambo ngeempumlo

amayeza Modern wenze inkqubela enkulu kwimiba uphando abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, nokuba ngaphambili kubhekwe kwanele ukuba bapase iimviwo ultrasound olungekazalwa kunye Kwathi ezinye iimvavanyo, ngoko namhlanje olu didi izigulane kuba phantsi kweliso elibukhali leengcali kunye ivavanywa iimviwo ngamaxesha kunye neenkqubo. Ngokomthetho ke zijoliswe ukumisela ubume bomntwana esibelekweni sikanina kunye uxilongo kwangethuba ukungaqheleki ezahlukeneyo. Ukuquka - cuke iimpawu ubhaqo ezifana umyinge wokuphelelwa ithambo ngeempumlo, eqhutywa emva kweeveki ezilishumi zokukhulelwa.

Imfuneko ukulinganisa ithambo foetal ngeempumlo

Umphunga, ithambo quadrangular ngeempumlo ujongwa ultrasound ngexesha nenkqubo kwiiveki 12 yokumitha. ukungabikho yalo kweli xesha okanye ukushenxa imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo yobungqina kamva ephosakeleyo zophuhliso -natal umntwana, koko, uyakwazi ukubonakalisa ubukho wosana olo syndrome. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, bubulumko uvavanyo mandatory olongezelelweyo.

Ezinye iingcali, besazi imithetho Screening wokuqala, kusetyenziswa amanani othelekiso ezivunyiweyo ngokuthelekisa imilinganiselo zabo iziphumo ze-ultrasound. Kwakhona, asimele silibale ukuba iphambili kwixesha kwiiveki 10-12 zokukhulelwa yinto lobukho ithambo ezingekazalwa ngeempumlo zomlinganiselo akukho sityhila kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba chromosomal ukungaqheleki yokuba kwamathambo kwenzeka kamva.

parameters bone ngeempumlo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo zokukhulelwa

Amaxesha ngamnye eli thole kunye nophuhliso luphawulwa regularities ezithile. Enye yezinto eziphambili parameters ubude wethambo ngeempumlo. Ummiselo wethambo ngeempumlo kwiiveki 12 ezintathu omise ubude. Kamva, le veki 21 th, eli nani ufikelela 5-5,7 eemilimitha, yaye kwiveki 35 - 9 iimilimitha.

Ukuchaneka ngokwemilinganiso ultrasound umbungu kuxhomekeke kuphela kwizixhobo egqibeleleyo, kodwa amava kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Table of the parameters eziyintloko ithambo ngeempumlo

UNorma ithambo ngeempumlo emva kweeveki ezingama-12 uphuhliso ezingekazalwa, kwakunye kwiinyanga ezilandelayo umfazi omithiyo, systematized kwaye lisebenza njengesiqalo ekufundeni iziphumo zophando kunye ultrasound. Ngokwesiseko yonke ingcaciso ayifumene, oogqirha qaphela phezu ekuhambeni siswini utyelelo usana kunye ukubona ubukho okanye ukungabikho mgaqweni.

Ukuba ithambo ngeempumlo akukho libonwa, kwaye ikhola eqinileyo, ngoko kukho amathuba ophezulu kakhulu kosana kunye Down syndrome okanye bekhubazekile ebusweni. Ukwazi oku, abazali abaninzi bakhetha isisu. Ekubeni ukuzalwa komntwana esempilweni - oku ngumsebenzi nje oomama kuphela, kodwa oogqirha, indima ebalulekileyo efana idlalwa izikhombisi ezinjalo njengoko izinga kwethambo ngeempumlo kwiiveki ezili-12. Le theyibhile ingezantsi apha inika inkcazo graphic ungeniselo lwayo ngethuba lokukhulelwa.

Oko uchaza ubude amathambo ngeempumlo na umntwana?

Emva kweveki weshumi yokumitha lokukhulelwa ungenza imilinganiselo iimpawu ezibalulekileyo olungekazalwa. norm bone ngeempumlo kwiiveki 12 ukuhlangabezana parameters efunekayo, kungenjalo kuya kufuneka ucinge kunokwenzeka iingxaki chromosomal kakhulu umntwana ongekazalwa. Hypoplasia ingqalelo uphawu kwezifo ezinzima ezifana Down syndrome, Edwards, Patau, Turner et al.

Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo ngakumbi onyule ultrasound ingcali ezingekazalwa, yaye-ukuqinisekisa kwakhona xa ukuba izinga ithambo ngeempumlo engahambelaniyo ixabiso efunekayo, ukwenza uhlalutyo yemfuza ye fluid. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuvavanya cala imeko usana intrauterine kuba le meko baziqwebele ioksijini, icarbon dioxide, iihomoni, fetal iimveliso izinto zotshintshiselwano, enzymes.

Ukuchaneka kuxilongo lwangoku

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo ultrasound uphethwe ukuba parameters ithambo ngeempumlo ze umntwana ngaphantsi kunesiqhelo, abazali libanike ithemba engapheliyo. Musa nje kusabela, ngenxa yale parameter akwanelanga ngoxilongo syndrome Down kaThixo okanye enye imeko embi zophendlo lwezifo. Kwaye nangona imithetho zokuhlola yokuqala ukusa kumkhamo othile olubonakalisiweyo, kufuneka ukuba silinde ngokuzolileyo ukuze iziphumo nzulu zoviwo-kwakhona.

Kunjalo kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba wonke umntwana ngexesha Palsy yahlukile, kuba imilinganiselo kwiindawo ngamnye omzimba kuya kuba ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ngeempumlo ithambo kwiiveki ezili-12. Kodwa ukuba isifundo mbungu ubonisa iziphene ke lowo izibilini kokunciphisa imilenze, kwezi meko, kukhuselekile ukuthetha ziziphene zokuzalwa.

Yintoni na azalwe ukuhlolwa

siswini - isaveyi eyodwa umama okhulelweyo ukuze ukubona ubungozi iimeko iziphene kwaye ziyafikelelwa zophendlo lwezifo kuphuhliso ezingekazalwa, iziphumo ezo kuthelekiswa amaxabiso avareji.

Xa ezintathu zokuqala (iiveki 10-12), ukuhlolwa osana kuvumela kwangoko ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukwazi mgaqweni kwi umlinganiselo chromosomal esiswini udonga isiphako kunye ngezifo le uvaleke, kwakunye ezahlukeneyo eqhelekileyo nabantwana ngozi jikelele.

Ngokusekelwe kwintsebenzo hCG kunye PAPP eziphawula ukukhulelwa, kwakunye nexabiso nuchal Translations ububanzi kwi ndiseyimbumba, bagwebe umngcipheko iziphene kunokwenzeka. Ukuba imithetho yokuqala zokusikrinwa musa awahambelani ukusebenza wohlalutyo, umfazi okhulelweyo emiselwe ukufundwa yemfuzo umntwana chorionic villus isampuli elizayo.

Yintoni na ithambo ngeempumlo hypoplastic nangeemveku

Ummiselo wethambo ngeempumlo kwiiveki ezili-12 ngexesha ultrasound icebisa ukuba, uphuhliso elungileyo impilo yosana olungekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa ekuqaleni. Ukuba ubude bayo kuphambuka umgangatho yamkelwe kwicala ngokunciphisa, ngoko kukho hypoplasia wethambo ngeempumlo. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko ezizodwa apho inani cha phendla iisaveyi yayo jikelele. Ngoko ke umbuzo aplasia wethambo ngeempumlo, ngamanye amazwi, ukungabi igunya.

Kutheni zenzeka komgomo ezinjalo?

Enyanisweni, oonobangela ezinxaxhileyo zophendlo lwezifo ukusuka amaxabiso eqhelekileyo iperi ubude ithambo ngeempumlo foetal iseti, bonke bephela ezikumila eyahlukileyo. Oku kunokuba, umzekelo, butywala ezondeleyo yomzali okanye iziphumo kakhulu ukutshaya. Abasemngciphekweni zibekwe ngokuzenzekelayo abasetyhini abathe baba umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye izigulo kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Kukwakho nezinye izizathu zokuba izinga ithambo ngeempumlo kwiiveki 12, ingane ayifumani, ezizezi:

• antibiotics kunye nezinye imithi enamandla;
• ukungakhuseleki radiation gamma;
• ifuthe emzimbeni imiba eli bhinqa ingozi kwimo engqongileyo;
• imivimbo;
• nobushushu elide yomfazi okhulelweyo.

Ngenxa yoko, ukongeza chromosomal abanala makhwiniba, yaye kuthiwa njalo-genetic ukuthambekela, yokuphila kunye nempilo umama okhulelweyo kuchaphazela ngqo kuphuhliso yemveku Esibelekweni. Kodwa yesilungu, enkosi iindlela ezintsha sifo, sivumele ekuqaleni ngokwaneleyo xa ukhulelwe ukuba ukungaphili chromosomal nokubeka iliso usana, imiphumo kwakunga Down syndrome. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba ugqirha ngokusekelwe uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo nophando uyakwazi ukumisela uxilongo ntiyiso okanye abekele ubungozi kunokwenzeka.