Konke kwizibizo isininzi: umba elibhalwe ngokumileyo, ukusweleka ngqo, affixes elingaziwa kangako

Le nkcazelo lokuqala yenzululwazi ityala (ngokwe V. A. Uspenskogo) wamnika yezibalo ngegama Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich. Wayekholelwa ukuba oku kufuna ukubandakanyeka kuphela izixhobo olusesikweni, syntactic, kodwa esemantiki. Le nkcazelo mihla ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: case - udidi lwamagama ebonisa yayo indima syntactic kwisivakalisi kwaye inceda ikhonkco amagama athile kwi iyunithi enye.

Igama elithi "ityala", njengoko amagama amatyala, yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini nesiGrike.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zamatyala: ukufa ukufa ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. Ngokuba ityala ngqo ziquka nominative kwaye wesenzo kunye ngqo - nezinye iindidi ezine (genitive, dative, nezixhobo, Izithetha ntonye).

Igama elithi "ngqo" kunye nokufa "ngqo" wabonakala ngolwimi lwethu ngokunxulumene izimvo yamandulo malunga ukuhla nje ukutenxa kuphela elichanekileyo uhlobo ilizwi. Lo mfanekiso lwaqhutywa kunye idayisi, apho ukuwa okanye kwicala ngqo (ukufa ngqo), okanye kwicala ngqo (kwimeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo) nayiphi na incwadi esongwayo.

inkqubo Case eRashiya imelwe amatyala ezintandathu. Ngamnye kubo amazwi abancedisayo, ebavumela ukuba ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo.

1). Nominative - gama kwi nominative esinokudibanisa igama abangabancedani "na."

2). igama abangabancedani "hayi." - Genitive

3). igama abangabancedani "ukupha." - Dative

4). Wesenzo - igama oluncediswayo "akunatyala;".

5). Instrumental - abangabancedani elithi "banoyolo" ( "wadalwa").

6). Izithetha ntonye - igama abangabancedani 'ukucinga (malunga). "

Kwakhona kuba lula, iinkcazelo yabo imibuzo ityala. ityala ngqo ndinombuzo ofanayo ezimbini: iimpendulo nominative le mibuzo: 'Ngubani? Yintoni "Yaye wesenzo -"? Ngubani na? Ntoni? ". Imibuzo ngqo izifo ezahlukeneyo. Genitive phendula imibuzo, "Ungubani? Yintoni "dative -" Ngubani? Yintoni ", nezixhobo -" Yintoni? I "Izithetha ntonye -" Of kubani? Malunga ntoni? "(" Xa lowo? Ntoni? ").

Ngolwimi Russian kwi amatyala azifani kwaye bayathanda izibizo, izichazi, izimelabizo kunye namanani. End of amagama - akukho nto kodwa yindlela yokubonisa ukwehla.

ukufa ukufa ngqo nengxelo- asingabo iintlobo kuphela amatyala, njengoko ibango abaninzi. Kukho affixes ezongezelelweyo:

1). Yokubiza - kuba bekunjalo wesixhenxe kulwimi Russian de 1918 kwaye kusetyenziswa xa wayebhekisela umntu. Imizekelo ityala yokubiza - Katyas, An, Tan, utatomkhulu, docha. Ngoku yokubiza ukusa kumkhamo othile ithatha indawo dative.

2). Nangokobungakanani-eyahlula ukufa - isetyenziselwa kwesibizo, ebonisa inani elipheleleyo ngokuphathelele iinxalenye ezithile, lo gama nazo. Kwinkqubo yesikolo, iintlobo amagama ubuninzi kunye ukufa wokwahlula ulinganiswa le genitive.

3). ityala Locative - ityala Izithetha ntonye, idityaniswe kwindawo. Uphendula imibuzo "Yintoni? Phi? ". Imizekelo: ukuthetha malunga netafile, ukuba le theyibhile.

4). Ablative - kunjalo yesibizo, ebonisa indawo ekuqaleni intshukumo. Umzekelo: Ndahamba ehlathini.

Ngaphandle kwezi zibetho, yimani ezimbalwa: ukubala, zhdatelny yethutyana, ebandakanya, kunye nabanye. Inani ngqo lamatyala akwaziwa.

Kukho ingxaki yokumisa kwimeko yesibizo kwi umba, ukuba wesenzo, Izithetha ntonye okanye yokubiza.

amazwe ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zabo mzekelo, maxa wambi into okudibeneyo Russian morphological, zesimbo kunye nezinye izizathu. affixes phesheya zisetyenziswa ezifana lomhlaba, ukulawula, umthombo, yesikhokelo, lishitelny kunye wesenzo, ablative, dative kunye nezinye.

Kwiilwimi apho kungekho zibetho, ezinye iindlela ukubonisa indima kwamagama kwisivakalisi (ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo kunye postpositions, ngendlela ethile amagama kwisicatshulwa).

Ingaba kufuneka ukwazi affixes? Kakade ke, kufuneka, kuba loo nto bayifundayo, nkqu kwikharityhulam yesikolo!