Biocoenosis - iseti izinto eziphilayo zihlobene

Biocoenosis - iqela ngokwembali izityalo, izilwanyana, umngundo kunye ezincane kulo ndawo enye (isahlulo komhlaba okanye amanzi). Biocenoses kwakhiwa mhlawumbi bebodwa okanye phantsi kwempembelelo yomntu.

Biocenosis, njenge gama wacebisa uKarl Mobius ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ubukho biocenosis nga imiselwe zombini iimpawu zebhayoloji emzimbeni ngeendawo. Ubume, isakhiwo, uluntu eziphilayo, ukusebenza yayo ixhomekeke ezahlukeneyo izinto, ukusukela imozulu kunye nesiphelo kunye nokwakhiwa komhlaba. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo equlunqwe ngayo kunye neempawu biocenosis ezahlukeneyo.

Nawuphi biocenosis - indibanisela izithako zendalo ukuba ube sisincoko ethile. Ngoko ke, masithi, ihlathi biocenose ziya kwahluka kakhulu evela entlango, oko kukuthi, inani kweentlobo yoluntu yetropika eziphilayo kakhulu ngaphezulu entlango. Ukwenziwa ubume kweentlobo ze biocenosis nazo iphenjelelwa yimiba zembali. Umzekelo, uluntu abadala inani elikhulu iintlobo ngaphezu abaselula.

Emva komnye (biocenosis kwendawo isakhiwo) - mpo ilungiselelo phytocenosis kwimimandla komhlaba kunye komhlaba. Isakhiwo biocenosis iye ukuzivala komhlaba. Onke amacandelo biocenosis aneempawu ezahlukeneyo: yokusingqongileyo, seentyatyambo salo, njl longline morphological ichazwe kakuhle emahlathini, apho uwusondeze ..:

• imithi layer;
• nezihlahla;
• ityholwana-ingca;
• kwenqanaba of ubulembu kunye ulele.

Xa inani biocenoses kwakubalulekile zezi:

• elula;
• ezintsonkothileyo.

Biocoenosis - yinto oluntsonkothileyo eziphilayo, apho kukho unxibelelwano ziqhu, ebizwa trophic okanye ukutya. Ngokusekelwe kuwo, yakha isiphaluka supply amandla. Trophic isakhiwo uluntu eziphilayo uthatha imbonakalo amakhonkco ukutya kwezo kwiimeko apho izinto ze eziphilayo bondliwa yi lomzimba lomnye iintlobo okanye iimveliso zawo metabolic. Kuqhagamshelwano olunjalo kuthiwa ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo. iibhondi ngqo kwakheka ngenxa kukufakwa umzimba omnye uhlobo olunye abameli. uxhulumaniso ngokungathanga kwakheka ngenxa eziphilayo ukhuphiswano iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezimbini zokutya.

Biocoenosis - na isakhiwo esiguquguqukayo. Kunokuba bangenele utshintsho ixesha elide kwicala elinye, akhokelela ngokuhlanganisa iimpawu zakhe, kwaye kwakhona ukuba kufakwe omnye komnye biocenosis. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngokulandelelana. Successions zahlulwe eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. kuvela successions Primary kwiindawo hayi abantu phambi kokuba nayiphi na biocoenosis. kuvela successions Secondary endaweni biocenoses ezingekhoyo okanye yatshatyalaliswa. Inqanaba lokugqibela ubomi phytocenosis ekuthiwa exesheni. Successions zingahlulwa ngokwala ngeentlobo zilandelayo:

• syngenesis (utshintsho kwenza izityalo japan vzaimovozdestviya);
• endoekogenez (utshintsho ngenxa ebalulekileyo ngqo phytocenosis);
• ekzoekogenez (utshintsho olubangelwa sisenzo iimeko zangaphandle kokusingqongileyo ukwenzela phytocenosis).

iindidi zedata ke zihlukaniswe:

• climatogenic;
• edafogennye;
• zoogenic;
• anthropogenic.

Zakuphenjelelwa suksessy phytocoenosis ezinzileyo ukuze kuncitshiswa okanye eyakhiwe noma, icala, ukuba umva.

Imiba okuvelelayo engqongileyo zibangelwa imimandla ukwahlukana kulwabiwo amaqondo okukufutshane kunye nemali ye kwezulu. Ngenxa yokwanda umgama ukusuka ikhweyitha kukho utshintsho lwemimandla zendalo. Phakathi kwiindawo zendalo kukho iziphumo, ebizwa extrazonal kunye intrazonal, leyo kumiselwa impembelelo mphandle, iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nezinye izinto.

Abanye ababhali kugxininisa inyaniso yokuba phakathi amaqela ezityalo kukho imida ecacileyo. Kodwa kukho imbono yokuba izityalo uye phambili ethile.