Thomas Malthus theory kubemi

Thomas Robert Malthus ngumphandi elikhulu loqoqosho eNgilani. Yakhe imisebenzi zapapashwa ekuqalekeni XIX kwenkulungwane, kwaye kwabangela a lot of mlonyeni kwezesayensi ngezangqa. Noko ke, ukusa kumkhamo othile, iimbono zakhe andilahlekwanga ukufaneleka kwayo yaye.

Qala uphando Malthus

Thomas Robert Malthus wazalwa mhlaba usapho nempumelelo kufuphi eLondon. Uyise ngumfo ikrelekrele kakhulu kwaye afundileyo, owathetha kunye nenani zobulumko noqoqsho ixesha lakhe. Ekubeni uTomas yaba umntwana omncinane entsatsheni, ngenxa yesithethe, kwafuneka ukuba athathe umendo career ngokomoya. Emva kokufunda e College kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge, wamiswa waza waba ngumbingeleli wasekuhlaleni.

Ngaphandle koku, uThomas Malthus, owayesakuba usoloko akakukhathalele zophando lwezenzululwazi, kwangaxeshanye siqala ukusebenza utitshala ekholejini. Phantse lonke ixesha labo lokuzonwabisa ayigqiba noyise wakhe iincoko abazinikele ukuzalana iimeko zendalo kunye noqoqosho.

Yintoni Malthus wafunda?

Njengamanye Abahloli elidlulileyo entsimini ezoqoqosho, ndaba isifundo sakhe Malthus wabona iindlela zokwandisa ubutyebi, kuthetha kwemveliso eziphathekayo. Yena uzama ukuba unxulumanise imiba yabemi kunye nokukhula koqoqosho.

Siseko Abemi ngu Thomas Malthus yaba sisiseko emisebenzini izazinzulu ezifana Charles Darwin, Ricardo kunye nabanye. Kwaloo Ingqiqo lowu ngakumbi Malthus kwincwadi yakhe. Indlela ingongoma ephambili enxulumana ngayo imfundiso yakhe ukuba inani labemi kunefuthe elingqalileyo-ntle yoluntu.

Inani kweentlobo Homo sapiens, utsho Malthus, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba ukukhula iminyaka malunga 8 namawaka kuphela eyadlulayo, xa ozingela ntlanganiso indawo yi ukuphila umzimba. Ngelo xesha, kulo lonke ilizwe, kukho malunga-10 ezigidi. Man. Ngoko ke inani labantu behlabathi liqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Sele 1820 kulo mzobo ifikelela bantu billion omnye. Ngo-1959 waye inani labantu eMhlabeni sele malunga neebhiliyoni ezintathu. Okumenza eyi-13 ubudala wazalwa abantu abahlanu Billion.

Ingxelo emfutshane le mbono

UMthetho Thomas Malthus uthi ezizezemvelo, ekho kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, ebanyanzela ukuba ukwanda ngokukhawuleza - ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kokuba angeniswe kwi nokulahlwa benkampani ukutya nezinto ezibonakalayo. Iziphumo yalo mthetho kwaye anikezelwe umsebenzi wakhe.

Malthus wabonisa ukuba, nangona drives mvakalelo xa umntu ilizwi isizathu kubangelwa. Ngapha koko, mhlawumbi akayi kuba nako ukondla bonke abantwana bakhe. Ukuba umntu uyamphulaphula core obengo, oku kubonakaliswa Thomas Malthus, apho kuya kubakho "ngeendleko zobuhle." Ukuba uthe wakuva ilizwi yenzala ezizezemvelo kwaye zizala - labemi uya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba uvumelekile imali ekhoyo yaye, ke ngoko, aya kuqalisa ukunciphisa. Izazinzulu uqaphele ukuba ukunqongophala ukondliwa kufuneka ulungise inani abantu baseRoma.

Incwadi yokuqala wakhululwa Tomas Maltus, ukuba angaziwa. It yapapashwa ngo-1798, yaye wenza omninzi ukugxekwa kunye nokuhlasela. Ukwenzela ukuba akwazi ukuphucula yakhe indalo, Malthus siqhubeka uhambo imizi Europe. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, yena kwakhona khupha eli hlelo - kodwa phantsi kwegama lakhe. Xa iyonke, ngexesha ubomi Malthus kwafika incwadi yakhe izihlandlo ezihlanu, kwaye ngexesha ngalinye le zethala ukwanda.

Lula Malthusianism

ingqiqo yakhe ufumene impendulo enkulu sele ngesizathu alula yaye akazange afune unyango lwe izibakala ezintsonkothileyo okanye neengcamango uthelekisa. Konke oko kuye kwenziwa yi Malthus - nokwakhelwa neengxaki zobomi. izigqibo zakhe kubacacele: akuyonyaniso ukuba isikhundla ukuba umntu ande maqondana kuphela kangangoko unako ukondla inzala? Thomas Malthus wabonisa ukuba ukukhula kwamanani oluntu yi ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwa zejometri progression, ngoxa ukwanda iinzuzo zoqoqosho - in arithmetic.

Resources empilo Malthus ezichongiweyo kunye nokutya. Ngokutsho ingqiqo yexesha lakhe, ukwanda ngokukhawuleza amandla emveliso akunakwenzeka. Eneneni, ukuphuculwa iteknoloji kwaye kusaqhubeka kancinci kakhulu, yaye ubutyebi bendalo zisoloko kangako.

theory bendlela

Kulo mzekelo, Malthus, wayeqinisekile ukuba ingqukuva inzuzo naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko Ayikwazanga ukubuyisa lonke ixesha siyehla okuza lomhlaba wenzala. Ukoyika indlala - oku imeko kuphela umthwalo umntu yokuzalela olungalawulwayo, uthi uThomas Malthus. Ngoko theory Abemi waba iintsilelo ezininzi kunye amanqaku efanayo. Umzekelo, zokucwangcisa abaphandi cinga "okubi", kwaye izicelo zazo ebizwa ngokuba 'azamkelekanga phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. " Ezininzi Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba lwezibalo izibalo yakhe theory akemi ukuya zicinywe enokwehla nezalathisi baloo maxesha.

theory Malthusian namhlanje

Kukholelwa ukuba ingqikelelo uThomas Malthus kunokuba luncedo ukuba yophuhliso lulonke. Noko ke, ukuze ucombulule etsolo zentlalo iingxaki, ngelishwa, cishe ingamampunge. Kukholelwa ukuba izazi mihla, ingxaki ukwanda kwabantu namhlanje ukususa umsantsa phakathi yokoqobo nemali ngokupheleleyo yabemi. amanyathelo ayimfuneko nkqubo loluntu makuhambelane zokusonjululwa isikhokelo wenzala. Ukongeza, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba ukwanda kwabantu yinto yokuqala efunekayo ukuze ukukhula kunye nobutyebi.