Philippics - yintoni na le nto?

Philippics - intetho somlilo, tirade ekugxekweni ingxelo. Eli binzana ngokwembali ezinxulumene nezithethi ezimbini abaziwayo behlaba- bamandulo - Demosthenes ze Greece kunye uCicero baseRoma.

ulwazi lwezembali: Philip II

Omnye wabalinganiswa ephambili BC kwinkulungwane yesi-4, uAleksandr Makedonsky kukuthi, kubhaliweyo ngaye, kukho ezininzi iincwadi eshukumayo ezininzi iyaqhutywa ebhaliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ethandwayo ngaphantsi eyayingamonwabisanga uyise, uPhilip II (382-336 BC. E.), waba naye Ngubani igorha enkulu wamacebo. Macedonia yaba kumazwe kumntla-mpuma losingasiqithi zawo. Empumalanga, emdeni kunye bakhona-Thracians, ibekwe phambili umganyana frighteningly silwe wasePersi. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba indawo yayo okuyo kwi nabaseMakedoni kwasekwa nesi ethile ulwimi isiGrike, apho kwakukho amagama amaninzi amaqaba.

Macedonia yayigqalwa nesimo ngokuqhelekileyo oluphucukileyo, wayihlasela, bonke kuphela amavila. Ukuba abazange indelelo Philip II, livela uhlobo wookumkani Mbasa Macedonian, eli lizwe ange nje lakrazuka kubini. 23, waba ngukumkani waba negama abe ngumlawuli onamandla. Indawo Waziqinisa yi kukuba kukuphumelela amazwe wayithimba eAtene kusasa, babahlanganisa umkhosi enamandla, waza waqalisa ukuhlasela abamelwane yayo.

Yintoni philippic?

Abanempembelelo Demosthenes neciko baseAthene (384-322 BC. E.) Ekubeni inkanuko ezifana nomsindo kwabenza imisebenzi kaKumkani uPhilip eMakedoni, owayelutshaba idemokrasi baseAthene, oko igama lakhe isiseko zokuthiywa "protivomakedonskih" ukubonakala "diatribes". Aba baba nomsindo kunye diatribes. Eli gama liye utsale kwaye edumileyo neciko yamaRoma - uCicero ukuba intetho yakhe ibala nxamnye uMark Antony , kakhulu, yaziwa ngokuba "philippics".

Iintetho Angry of Demosthenes

Isihloko sokuqala yaba diatribes somlilo kubiza baseAthene ukuxhathisa. Demosthenes wabongoza baseAthene ukuba balungele imfazwe, ezama ukuboyisela ukuba baye bahlupheka ngenxa yeempazamo ukungafaneleki kakumkani Filippa Makedonskogo. Wamelana ukusetyenziswa mercenaries emkhosini Athene, kunye nenye iphayiphu ecetywayo nokudalwa amandla bhetyebhetye wamajoni ukuba wayeza kuhlala eMakedoni ezichasile umkhosi kaFilipu. Philippics - intetho ndiyazingca yaye nomsindo, nto leyo iba nefuthe enamandla kumphulaphuli. Le isityholo esinzulu nxamnye nokumkani Macedon waba ukuba waphula imiqathango isivumelwano soxolo iminyaka 346.

I (okwesibini) philippic elandelayo - kwaba impendulo ukuya hlaselo ngoFilipu kunye nabaxhasi bakhe Athene namahlakani umzi. Entetho wesithathu ngumsindo Demosthenes wasebenzisa amandla ngokupheleleyo bubuciko wakhe, wafuna bezimisele nxamnye uFilipu kunye nomzi elindelekileyo amandla abantu baseAthene. KwabelaseMakedoni eAthene babesele de belligerents njengezinto ezilungileyo okanye ezingalunganga. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo uFilipu wokuqala lowo waphula uxolo.

philippic wesithathu - oku kweentetho best zopolitiko Demosthenes, abaziphatha njengoko wezopolitiko inelona futhe baseAtene yaba suzerain ndima- baseAthene yezopolitiko, inkokeli neqhayiya of ngokweyelenqe anti-Macedonian, nto leyo ebizwa ngokuba kwimvukelo baseAthene nxamnye uFilipu.

philippic wesine kwakhona kubalelwa Demosthenes, ibonisa ikhwelo ukuthumela i wozakuzo eAthene ukuya amaPersi, kodwa kukho ezinye amathandabuzo malunga negunya layo. Modern Ozhegova Dictionary ichaza ingqiqo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: diatribe ngumsindo. Kamva Igama elisetyenzisiweyo Ababhali Russian ezifana Chernyshevsky, Turgenev, Saltykov-Shchedrin, yaseChekhov kunye nabanye.