Artist Vasily Polenov: biography, ubuchule

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 yaba zebhola yokudweba Russian. Enye abameli kwabeMi amagcisa ebalaseleyo eli xesha Vasily Polenov, ogama imizobo bagwayimbile ngokoqobo kunye nomnqweno 'ukunika ulonwabo novuyo. " La mazwi okugqibela zezethu ngumzobi kwaye sisaci umsebenzi wakhe nobomi, njengoko kuboniswa biography wegcisa.

abazali

I elizayo artist idumileyo wazalwa kweenkcubeko beliqela kwintsapho yeengcungcu osisityebi ngo-1844. Uyise, ngokuba nguDmitry Polenov, wayesaziwa zakudala size bibliographer. Umama, Maria A., nee Voeikova, wafunda ukupeyinta nokubhala iincwadi zabantwana. Yena ke intombi ka-Vera Nikolaevna iingonyama ukuba emva kokufa ekuqaleni kwabazali bakhe waza wakhulela umtshato kusapho Derzhavin.

ebuntwaneni

Polenov nguVasili Dmitrievich wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe eSt Petersburg, kodwa nentsapho yakhe amaninzi aye ihlobo kwi Olonets Territory kunye kwilifa kwiphondo Olshanka Tambov, babephuma uninakhulu wegcisa. Vera baqubuda abazukulwana, wabathanda ukonwabisa kubo, esithi epics, amabali kunye iintsomi. Kwakhona wayeqhelene kakuhle imibongo Russian kanye zaseYurophu, ke ngoko, wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu ekubumbeni incasa imifanekiso a Vasey encinane. Njengoko ngokuba imvelaphi uthando lwakhe yokudweba, yafaka nabantwana ababandakanyekayo mama. Wacela ukuba iqabane usiqeshileyo njengabafundisayo Basil nentombi omncinane Helen. Njengotitshala, wamenyelwa Chistyakov, ngelo xesha, wafunda the Academy of Arts Fine. Okuhamba, le nkwenkwe waya esikolweni wabonisa unenzondelelo enkulu ngenxa ekufundeni.

studentship

Ngowe-1863 Vasily Polenov kokugqiba isikolo kwaye, kunye umninawa wakhe uThemba ababhalise e St. Petersburg University kwi Physics and Mathematics Faculty. Noko ke, uthando ngenxa yokudweba yaba uthando ngakumbi kweyobunzululwazi, ngokuhlwa lo mfana baya Academy of Arts. Ukongeza, Polenov oselula awayezithanda umculo, uye waba lityelela rhoqo endlwini opera yaye wayecula kwikwayara umfundi Academy.

Kungekudala, lo mfana yathatha a wesabatha kwiyunivesithi waza wachitha ixesha lakhe titoloveta. Ngowe-1867 Vasily Polenov waphumelela Academy of Arts. Ngelo xesha wafumana imbasa yesilivere ukuba umzobo kunye nemizobo.

Nangoko emveni koko, lo mfana babuyela iYunivesithi, kodwa batshintsha sokuzikhethela, waza waqalisa ukufunda umthetho.

Ukudibana ne Repin

Ngowe-1869 Vasily Polenov ndamvuselela kakhulu ukufumana imbasa yegolide of the Academy of Arts. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwathiwa waziqaba "uYobhi kunye nabahlobo bakhe." Yena ufumana umvuzo omncinci, waza wamnika ilungelo lokuba aqhubeke ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano. Umsebenzi elitsha ukwenza imizobo "Le Ukukhulisa intombi kaYayiro, 'yaye iqela wegcisa oselula Ivan Repin.

Umphumo waba Match engalindelekanga: zombini iinkosi ibrashi ngaphandle umsebenzi obalaseleyo ukuba labagwebi kunikezelwa iimbasa zawo ezinkulu negolide uhambo ukuya eYurophu.

Ngowe-1872 Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich Repin waya kuqala eJamani, ngoko e-Italy kunye eParis. Ikomkhulu France ke ngoko nomdla umzobi, ukuba wagqiba ukuba ahlale khona. E Paris, lazy kakhulu ukubhala kumzobo "Le kokubanjwa sisidwangube d'Etremon", apho, emva kokubuyela eRashiya, wathi wawongwa kwisihloko academician. italente opeyintayo ziye kakhulu, kunye nabameli yentsapho yasebukhosini. Ngowe-1876 wamiselwa opeyintayo inkundla waya emfazweni Russian-Turkish, nto leyo ngesantya Tsesarevicha Aleksandra.

ixesha eMoscow

Ukubuyela kule nkundla imfazwe, Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich wahlala eMoscow waza waqalisa ukufundisa le Moscow School of Umzobo, Umfanekiso Architecture. Apho, nabafundi bakhe Levitan, Korovin, I. Ostroukhov, Arkhipov, E. Tadevosyan kunye Golovin.

Kwangaxeshanye, igcisa yena kuye kwathiwa, kwaye ngo-1877 thaca umsebenzi wakhe 'Moscow Yard "kwi-owuva ye-6 umboniso ohambayo. Lo mfanekiso zaqhutywa, kunye Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich yathatyathwa ngunozala uhlobo entsha, ebizwa abagxeki "mhlaba abasondeleyo".

Esinye isiganeko esikhulu kwexesha eMoscow wobomi umzobi yaba sisigqibo sakhe joyina abathululi, phakathi kwabo ngexesha waba abahlobo abaninzi.

Biblical isihloko

ITestamente Endala kunye nezifundo zamaKristu ukusuka langoku ekuqaleni ngemisebenzi Polenov. iphefumlelwe Ukufumana kule minyaka 1881-1882 umzobi waya kwiisayithi yebhayibhile, kuMbindi Mpuma. Wayetyelele eConstantinople, eSiriya, Palestine neYiputa. Ukusuka lomculi ohambahambayo Polenov Vasily wazisa imizobo kunye nomzobo womzobo "uKristu kunye Umoni 'kunye neminye imisebenzi, ebhalwe phantsi umbono into awayibonayo. Abanye babo ukuba mnandi Pavla Tretyakova, ngubani fumene imizobo yoqokelelo yakhe.

umfanekiso kaKristu

Ngowe-1883, lo ngumzobi kunye nomfazi wakhe waya eItali. Apho waqhubeka ukusebenza kwi ukupeyinta "uKristu kunye Umoni", oko kukuthi thaca kuluntu kwi umboniso-15 ngabelusi. Isinikezeli wadala yezigcawu, kwaye umnqweno kumbona lwembali yakhe, wathi uMlawuli Alexander III, ababefuna igcisa ukususela kwimfazwe Russian-Turkish.

Ngowe-1888 Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich wabhala enye umzobo edumileyo kwi umxholo yezibhalo - "On eTibheriya (lwaseGenesarete) echibini." Ngenye ngelaphu entsha, yena ukuvezwa Kristu - indoda uhlobo oriental lomntu kunye ekukhangelayo silumko, kodwa hayi lowo ugulayo. Ngaphezu koko, i ebalulekileyo "weqonga" umfanekiso waba yomhlaba, zizotywe imizobo eyenziwe wegcisa ukusuka kwindalo xa uhamba kuMbindi Mpuma.

Ubomi Behovo

Ngowe-1890 Vasily Polenov, ogama engobomi luqulathe uluhlu olude leempumelelo, wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye elikomkhulu aye kummandla Tula. Apho phezu elunxwemeni Oka, wazakhela indlu. Kuba isakhiwo engundoqo kongezwa zocweyo kamva apho Polenov wafundisa ukuzoba abantwana zasemaphandleni. opeyintayo Based wamnika igama welifa Borok waza waqalisa ukwenza iinzame ukuqinisekisa ukuba ekugqibeleni eyaguqukayo yaba museum yesizwe.

Vasily Polenov: "Golden Autumn"

Iintlobo kubumelwane Borok iphumelele intliziyo mculi. Baba umxholo womsebenzi, nto leyo kwi 1890s yokuqala wabhala Vasily Polenov. "Golden Autumn" kuthatha indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwabo. On the ngelaphu ibonisa elunxwemeni Oka, fringed kunye birches kwi uhombiso eliqaqambileyo. Womzobo oku kuboniswa myuziyam-kwilifa "Polenovo" (owayesakuba estate "Borok") kunye ukukhala kude kusukela ekumeni yokuqala, apho wabhala Vasily Polenov ( "ezenileyo Pond", "Endala Mill", njalo njalo).

emva 1917

Emva kokuba October Revolution Polenov yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo lombutho yeqela idrama kulo kwilifa Borok waza wasebenza umlimi ulutsha.

Ngelo xesha wayebhala womzobo "koMkhukula kwi Oka", eyaba enye imisebenzi emihle xesha aqolileyo le womzobi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngowe-1924, imbeko isikhumbuzo 80th wegcisa kwi Tretyakov Gallery walungiswa mboniso solo imisebenzi yi Vasily Dmitrievich. Ngokubanzi, urhulumente waseSoviet ukuba sivune umculi. Ngokukodwa, ngowe-1926 ngumzobi wawongwa isihloko Artist Abantu ngayo RSFSR. Kungenzeka, oku kubangelwe kumnqweno wakhe wokuba Polenov kwaye ngandlela zonke ukukhuthaza imisebenzi wesisa emfundo kawonke kude ngexesha oku kwenziwa kuphela ngabameli ezimbalwa nezazi Russian.

July 18, 1927 ngumzobi wafa. Lo mculi wangcwatywa kweenxweme Oka, waseka ilifa ebumelwaneni Borok.

"Polenovo"

Ngo-1931, urhulumente waseSoviet wagqiba ukuseka imyuziyam kwilifa Borok. Kuye igama e Polenovo, kwaye kukho ugcine elingaphakathi, abathe bona baba ubomi womzobi. Kukho zibanjwa rhoqo iziganeko umdla yenkcubeko kunye imizobo oluboniswe ngomzobi odumileyo.

Ngoku uyazi iziganeko biography of V. Polenov kunye nembali ezinye ibalulekileyo yemisebenzi yakhe, aphakathi yobuciko zobugcisa Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19.