Artist Contemporary American Cindy Sherman: Biography, ubuchule

Ihlabathi mihla uzele iindidi zobugcisa kunye nobuchule. Iinjongo owenziwa ngamagcisa ekudaleni imisebenzi yabo, zahluke ngokupheleleyo. Enye into icacile: wonke umntu ufuna ukuzisa into entsha. Umntu ngoncedo lobugcisa ufuna ukubonisa iimvakalelo zabo, umntu ufuna ukunika ihlabathi ngentwana okulungileyo. Cindy Sherman ngomnye wabo Amagcisa iphula iingcinga. Yena bahlekisa iziseko mihla kunye nemigaqo, kwaye luthando lwakhe.

ukuzalwa

Cindy Sherman wazalwa ngo-1954. Matshi 19 mntwana wazalelwa e Glen Ridge, New Jersey (a kwihlomela of New York). Ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa kwakhe intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Huntington, Long Island. Kwintsapho yakhe nabantwana abahlanu. Abazali bam bengenanto yakwenza art. UYise engineer, kunye nomama wakhe - utitshala.

ebuntwaneni

Biography Cindy Sherman iqala kusapho olukhulu. Girl ukuba umntwana yesihlanu nezokugqibela, nangona ngelo xesha nabantwana ababini sele self-ngokwaneleyo kwaye ukhetha ukuhlala ngokwahlukeneyo. Sasidla wabonisa indalo yakhe engqongqo, waza ke unina kwafuneka ukuba abakhusele. Omnye kubazalwana abadala, uCindy Sherman, uFrank eneminyaka engama-27 bazibulala ngenxa yokusilela ebomini bakhe. Lo mfo akakwazanga ukufumana indawo yabo phantsi kwelanga, yaye oku kuye kwakhokelela ukudandatheka.

Kakade xa bebudala intombazana zokuqala uyandithanda imifanekiso. Yena onxibe ezingutyeni ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo wahlala kagogo wakhe, yena utshintsha iinwele wapeyinta. Yena wayenomdla imifanekiso amakhosikazi kunye neekumkanikazi na, njengabanye abaneminyaka efanayo, yena enxibe phezulu manenekazi ubudala, amagqwirha kunye kwanezilo. Ukongeza, uCindy waba nako ukuwutsala, ukuba kamva washiya istampu ubomi bakhe.

kwesikolo

Family Cindy Sherman akazange abe iimali ezaneleyo kwimfundo yabantwana, ngoko ngowe-1972 wagqiba ekubeni aye University College e Buffalo. Apho baba ukupeyinta, kodwa emva kwexesha ndaqonda ukuba wayengenamdla lokukopa umsebenzi nabanye abantu, wayefuna ukwenza into lakhe, ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Cindy waqonda ukuba ikhamera uya kukwazi ukuba bakope umfanekiso ingcono kakhulu kuyo, ngokuthe ngcembe watshintshela umfanekiso. Oku wamnika igumbi kakhulu ngakumbi ukuze benze kunye neengcinga ezintsha. Ngowe-1977 yena izidanga kwiYunivesithi waza wafumana idiploma.

indalo

Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphumelela yena, uqala ukuba izimvo zabo ebomini kwaye uqalisa ukusebenza iprojekthi entsha. Yena igama Engenasihloko Film okumile, bona bubonakala "Movie ngaphandle gama." Uthotho imifanekiso emnyama namhlophe yapapashwa ngo-1980 yaye liqulethe 69 imifanekiso. Cindy ngokwayo wenza njengomzekelo, yesinxibo ingcibi, ukwakhiwa igcisa kunye photographer umntu omnye. Ngowe-1980, wayeka umsebenzi kule projekthi, kuba ngelo xesha kwabonakala ukuba abasebenzi ndidiniwe.

Naye wamenywa ukuba kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo, kodwa Sherman wadandatheka ukuba ayenzi azise nayiphi na ingeniso. Amanye amagcisa bafumene kanye izimvo efanayo esendimbaneni, njengokuba kunjalo, kodwa imivuzo yabo lalilikhulu kakhulu. Kwangaloo nyaka, uCindy ugqiba ukusebenza umbala kunye format enkulu. Iprojekthi yakhe yesibini iye yavusa basabela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso kwikhompyutha ngumhlanzo kunye nezinye izinto 'kubi ", kodwa abantu bathenga ksebenze oko.

Ngowe-1990, i-mculi iprojekthi entsha ebizwa ngokuba Imbali Imifanekiso / Old Masters ( «Makhe Historical / I-Old Masters"). Ngexesha lofundo uthotho imifanekiso wegcisa wayeseRoma, kodwa ngokusisiseko ayizange nawuphi myuziyam okanye ebandleni. imisebenzi zabo wadala, kuphela ukuthembela kwi yokuzala iincwadi. Kwaye iye ekugqibeleni wayizisa imali yakhe. Wona Sherman wathi oku kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba abaphulaphuli ungasafuni ukujonga "taka", babefuna into ngokunyanisekileyo ngakumbi ifudumele.

Okulandelayo umsebenzi ebizwa Isini Imifanekiso yakhe ( «Sex Umfanekiso"). Kuba indalo yayo, igcisa ngokukodwa wayalela amadoda zonyango kunye mannequins ababhinqileyo. Ekubeni esini azikho ubuhle ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, intombazana bonke ezichanekileyo. Oku kwamnceda izifundo zakhe ukupeyinta. Yena avalwe zikawonke iinwele kunye nepeyinti mannequins ngemibala eyahlukileyo. Sherman nge ebuntwaneni ebethanda izinto, okukruqulayo, yaye kuloo msebenzi olona ukufumana isizathu sokuba uziva umnqweno onjalo.

Lo mbuzo uyaqhubeka ukusityhilela yona apha emsebenzini wakhe omtsha War Civil ( «I-Civil War"). yonke projekthi eligcwele unya, ubundlobongela kunye amaqhekeza abantu ezibolayo inyama. Oku kwanika oyindlela ukuqonda ukuba ukusa kumkhamo othile etsala imixholo zokufa.

Ngo-1990, uye azame ngokwakhe indima yokuba ngumlawuli. movie lakhe kuthiwa Killer Office ( «Killer kwi-ofisi") ozizisileyo ukuthandwa, kodwa ayikwazi kuba yinto embi, ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi ubandakanya neentlobo ezininzi: Comedy, ummangaliso Thriller. Bonke umoya Cindy Sherman.

Kungekudala emva koko, umfazi ugqiba ukuya emva iingcambu, ivelise uthotho imifanekiso abadlali ezidala. Le projekthi intsha kubhekiselwa kuye 'ebutsheni movie ngaphandle igama ", apho amantombazana aselula pretty baye balahlekelwa yahluma, baya kubuna, kodwa nokugcina likhubalo ethile kunye ngamayelenqe. Emva koko, igcisa uzama ngokwakhe ngomfanekiso upopayi. Umfanekiso zibethe kwakukhona buhlungu enobundlobongela ngaphezu fun. Ngo-2000, igcisa sakhulula projekthi entsha, eyabonisa zonke Hollywood bombast. make-up and abicah eninzi kakhulu.

Umzobi yena uyavuma, ukuba wayesoloko ethozamile kakhulu, apho kungenxa yokuba maxa wambi wayefuna ukuba abe ngumntu owahlukileyo. Kuba izinxibo zawo zonke, iiwigi kunye namalungu isiziba omzimba, abafazi kufuneka ize nizilumkele ke kunene. zihlelwe ukuba zicwangcise nekhabhathi eziliqela.

Iimpawu art

Iifoto yokuqala Cindy Sherman zifana izakhelo yobomi, ngempazamo ezifotwe kwi camera. Akazange kukhetha nawuphi na umntu othile ofuna ukubonisa umsebenzi wakhe, yena ukhetha uhlobo oluthile, anomdla kuyo. Bonke oonobumba, apho kuvezwa izinto etsomo. Umculi ususa yena manqaphanqapha ucela umntu ukuba amncede. Akazange Ungazihluphi bafuna neemodeli kweeprojekthi zabo. Cindy wazama ukuba kutolwe abahlobo nezalamane, yaye nakanye waqesha umncedisi, kodwa akukho namnye kubo, wayengakwazi ukusebenza, ngokuba yena wayengazi ukuba ufuna ukubona kwi iifoto zabo. Yena nje akwazi ukuchaza into efuna yena. Kubo, kwathi konke fun, kodwa umsebenzi Cindy.

Amaninzi liveza abafazi beneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo zobomi: umfazi ishishini ushishino, ihenyukazi, umfazana, a simpleton, umsebenzi kwithala leencwadi, okanye nomfazi akangaphandle okumnandi. umsebenzi wakhe angazishiyi nabani akanankathalo. Zizele idrama, impikiswano de mood inkanuko, uburharha emnyama. Cindy ubonisa abantu mihla, kuzifihla iimvakalelo zabo nzulu ngaphakathi, ngaphandle ayikho - ngoncumo zobuxoki grimaces.

Ukulwela ngemisebenzi

Xa imisebenzi yakhe, umfoti Cindy Sherman wabonisa abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo: intombazana ohamba uDennis, mama ekhala umqeshwa enxila ofisi, umntwana esixekweni, inkosikazi ishiywe. Kakade ke, abahlalutyi ndabona iifoto neenjongo besifazane. yoyilo zakhe zibonisa fake. Ngoko ke, umfazi wazama ukubonisa zonke bombast iindima ababhinqileyo kunye nokuziphatha ngamanye amaxesha nemvelo kwi umphakathi wesini bubuhle. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye abafoti, uCindy iye minkarhi hinkwayo ukuba ukuxoka lwecamera ngayo. bembonakalo yayo yendalo kwihlabathi kunye nokusingqongileyo efanayo ekushumayeleni zobuciko lwanamhlanje. Ngoko uziva kwenzeka ntoni kwezo ndawo bakuzo.

Xa uye wafumana umyalelo omtsha evela kwimagazini Artforum, imifanekiso yakhe amalungelo asidubaduba macala onke. Bakhangela ngathi lumo le imifanekiso kwiimagazini zamanyala kuphela Heroine zange khangela umdla, phezu koko, babebonakala buhlungu kwaye udinwe. Ngenxa yoko, igcisa mihla American Cindy Sherman wayefuna ukubonisa ukuba uziva njani intombazana phantsi yaza ongenalusini eyindoda. Indlela nzima ukuhlala phakathi koluntu apho indima engundoqo nangoku bobabo ebantwini.

processing computer

Xa ekudaleni imisebenzi yakhe Sherman kwafuneka ukubhenela computer. Ekubeni abaninzi kuwo yakhululwa istudiyo, ngoko ngoncedo lweenkqubo ze computer nto dorisovyvaet imvelaphi. Ngale ndlela i-mculi isebenzisa ukwenza umfanekiso zobu ngakumbi nobuxoki.

imiboniso

Ngoko nangoko emva kokupapashwa umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ezinkulu - "ebutsheni movie ngaphandle igama" - intombazana eza impumelelo. Ke kaloku indimbane phinde igama elinye: Cindy Sherman - mculi. Uye inxaxheba kwimiboniso eziliqela ngamazwe, enye yazo Venice Biennale. Lo mboniso lilungelo elikhulu abaculi. Emva kweminyaka 5, umsebenzi wakhe uye ekwiMuseum edume Art American "Whitney."

Ngo-2012, e-New York Museum of Modern Art esingethwe umboniso enkulu imisebenzi yi umzobi, leyo kwanikezelwa engama 35 ubudala ngayo umsebenzi wakhe.

Ngokungafaniyo amanye amagcisa ezininzi, uCindy akuthethi kumngcatsha abahlobo abadala, kunye neefoto sakhe ukuba New York Metro Umfanekiso, nto leyo kanye kudandalaza iindonga umsebenzi wayo.

impilo Personal

Ngowe-1984, uCindy Sherman watshata umlawuli we France Michel oder. Ukususela kulo mtshato akukho bantwana wegcisa, nangona wamsa intombi yakhe Michelle. Ke umtshato. Ukususela ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2011, uCindy babenobuhlobo artist onesiphiwo uDavide Byrne.

career

Ngowe-1980 umsebenzi wegcisa oselula yaphinda yathandwa ehlabathini, yaye ngo-1995 Museum of Modern Art wathenga yonke uthotho "ebutsheni movie ngaphandle igama" ngenxa $ 1.000.000, emva kwexesha elithile, omnye imifanekiso yakhe wathengiswa $ 190.000. Ngowe-1997, imvumi edumileyo Madonna iye exhaswa yomboniso wakhe "Imifanekiso evela umboniso ngaphandle gama."

Kakade ke, singatsho ukuba i icon, wabeka isimbo kwimizobo, yaba uCindy Sherman. Rating yomsebenzi kwakhe phezulu kakhulu. Xa uluhlu lwe "inkoliso yabantu nempembelelo kwihlabathi yobugcisa" ungaphakathi kwindawo 7. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, yena uphumelele phezulu kakhulu. Ayizizo zonke igcisa baqhayise ngento yokuba umsebenzi wakhe - ezindala amatsha - kwemfuno enkulu. Okwangoku, uCindy Sherman na igcisa edume kakhulu futhi nempembelelo ehlabathini. Akukho nasinye iifoto oko Abathengiswa ngaphantsi kwe $ 50,000. Noko ke, abantu abayithandayo ka Cindy Sherman badla ufuna ukufumana iseti epheleleyo imisebenzi yayo.

esidlangalaleni

Ingeniso yonyaka Cindy Sherman kwiintengiso emisebenzini yabo yomfuyi kwisithuba ukusuka ku-2000 ukuya 2006 zazisuka $ 1.5 million ukuya $ 2.8. Ngo-2007, yanyuka $ 8.9 million. Photo Sherman "Engenasihloko # 96" (1981) waye kuthengiswa efandesini ukuze $ 3.890.500.

kuye kwabonakala Lo msebenzi kuluhlu lwe ezininzi iifoto ezibizayo. Lo mzobo intombazana entle ilele phantsi, nto leyo ubambe isiqwenga ad lephephandaba ngokuthandana. Sherman wabeka umsebenzi wabo ezinentsingiselo. intombazana Innocent, ngoko enesithukuthezi igudileyo kangaka, yaye mna iqhekeza bephepha isaziso kwabazana, bathi akukabikho got ngokupheleleyo onamandla iqumrhu intombi uyaphupha ukuyeka uye kumkhawulela adventure.