Amathambo Tubular: isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi. amathambo Long

Tubular amathambo abantu - a ukuyilwa ithambo shape zezindlu evuthelweyo, ubuncinane ezibunxantathu. Ngokungqongqo uqwalaselo defined ayikho. Njengoko umthetho, ubude thambo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulawule ububanzi. Nangona kunjalo, inani ke yahluke kakhulu. Formation nokukhula tubular bone ephelekwa izinto ezininzi, ke iphambili leyo phambi ikhalsiyam njengento wemichiza ababandakanyekayo kulwakhiwo yethishyu ithambo.

Inkqubo ukuyilwa kwezakhiwo cellular ngokwaneleyo elide. Calcium okubangelwa kukhokelela esime ithambo. Kwakuwo lwesi sakhi ebalulekileyo kwakhona sibe nefuthe elibi ukuyilwa amathambo ngexesha esakhula. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ukuthintela sengozini wethambo ephilayo likhula, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulungelelanisa imichiza ababandakanyekayo kule nkqubo.

elide elifutshane kunye namathambo tubular

Amathambo lomntu isakhiwo ubhalo, benawo inani leenkqubo ezisebenzayo. Ngalinye ilungu lomzimba uphumeza umsebenzi wayo, kwaye ngenxa yokuvumelana iyonke izigaba ixhomekeke umsebenzi ebalulekileyo yonke eziphilayo. amathambo abantu kube nini na nxalenye ibalulekileyo amathambo, ukuba ityala umsebenzi musculoskeletal. Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi umzimba kunokwenzeka kuphela xa intsebenziswano yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kule nkqubo. Eminye imisebenzi izakhiwo ithambo ukuba icwangciselwe ukuya kwi kwindlela rhoqo, ezifana ukuhamba okanye ukusebenza. iphinda oguquguqukayo yezenzo efanayo uba oluzenzekelayo, pulses uzikise ayikho ebuchotsheni hayi kwinkqubo luvo kunye zomzimba kwezihlunu inxaxheba kule nkqubo.

amathambo Tubular ahlangene omnye komnye ngokusebenzisa imisipha kunye nezihlunu. Iinxalenye uyivulele skeleton indlela siseko sebenzisana lomnyango. izixhobo Ezo phakathi kwamalungu omzimba womntu, ngasinye apho isale i hyaline intlala okhethekileyo, ukuvimbela kunobunye. Kwindawo lokudibana phakathi komhlaba yesilayidi phezu awo ethile, intshukumo yabo kwenzeka eyiyo kwaye kubekho ulawulo engqongqo kuphela. yomzimba tubular abuthathaka, nayiphi kushenxwe eya kumda wesangqa motion kwangaphambili ebangela uxinezeleko kunye neentlungu. Kwimeko apho kukho ukugxojwa egqithiseleyo kweyesiqhelo imo motor joint inokuphela yenxaxheba yendalo yaye ngaloo ndlela a dislocation kwenzeka.

amathambo Long tubular ngamathambo abantu imfundo engundoqo inkxaso, kakhulu ixesha elide kwaye zithembeke. Noko ke, kufuneka akhuselwe, ukuba umthwalo ngokugqithiseleyo, rhoqo ukuphumla. amathambo Long zahlulwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo:

• lesiquluba;
• a ho encinane;
• ithanga;
• radiation;
• negxalaba;
• ulna.

Mfutshane amathambo tubular:

• amadeo;
• metacarpal;
• phalanges.

Amaninzi amathambo ezimfutshane tubular i nokuqhubeka elide.

Ziziphi Amathambo iingalo tubular, ngandlel 'inxaxheba intshukumo yomzimba? Olu lesiquluba kunye yifemur. amathambo Mfutshane tubular unike umsebenzi intshukumo lever kuluhlu kunomda nangakumbi.

isakhiwo

ithambo Tubular kuquka inxalenye ngundoqo diaphysis, nto leyo emele i-kwisisu evuthelweyo asisule kwi zombini iphela epiphyses. Le diaphysis ke ingqondo etyheli, epiphysis kufuneka texture eqinileyo nomsi- kwaye izaleko zizele intlala.

Le epiphysis - isiphelo elide wethambo tubular, isiwe, ukanti imilo ethile, eyenzelwe nokuhlangana kunye entlanganweni okufuphi. Ukudibana izahlulo ezibini okanye ezithathu zenze joint epheleleyo, ezisebenzayo kwinkqubo ethile, umzimba motor. Amalunga zoqhagamshelwano iziqwenga counter-uhlobo uhlobo, xa komhlaba isiqingatha kwemilo khaxa, kunye nezinye - phakathi.

periosteum

Ngaphandle, amathambo elide zizele periosteum, i nokuqina ithishu umaleko. Kuyinto imfundo eziphilayo ophilileyo, injongo yayo imisebenzi zokuzikhusela.

imveliso zomgquba,

Le into bone tubular ibandakanya kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo. Umlinganiselo imixholo yazo ziyahluka ubomi bomntu. Yabantwana iminyaka - ixesha yokonganyelwa organic izinto emzimbeni enika amathambo bhetyebhetye. Nge ubudala, ubume izinto utshintsha ngcembe kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo yelungu izinto ezingaphiliyo, nezinika amandla. Oku kukhethwa ityuwa calcium.

device bokuphila

• Ubuncwane compact iquka ezininzi plates ithambo, ithambo ligubungela umaleko eqhubekayo ashinyeneyo. ishq Solid kuhlanganiswa ibe ziiyunithi noshowo ebizwa osteons. iziqwenga kwakhiwa - ukuma zezindlu iipropati organic apho kuvavanywa luvo kunye imithambo yegazi.
• Le nto ke maleko compact cancellous kwahlukile kubo kwisakhiwo amazwe. Ngexesha ekumisweni trabeculae of cancellous obandakanyekayo - ekudibaneni amathambo yokuqala. Amandla abo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.
• Bone nomongo - i-organ hematopoietic eziphambili emzimbeni womntu, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphakathi amathambo elide. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iintlobo ezimbini: mthubi kunye ebomvu. Eyokuqala ukhandwa iiseli ezityebileyo ezigcinwe diaphysis - inxalenye ephambili yale ithambo tubular. lomongo wethambo ebomvu ise kwinxalenye aneentunja le ingaba pineal kwaye lilaphu reticular, ezele exineneyo neempahla ezincinci zegazi. Imibhobho ukuba ezi seli elalisandul 'ukusekwa ufake phambili. Qalisa iiseli ezintsha igazi ngenxa abahlala iiseli stem umongo wethambo. Le nkqubo akayeki nokuba owesibini. Nantso ke osteoclasts kunye osteoblasts, apho uhlaziyo izakhiwo nokudleka, batshabalalisa eziphelelwe lixesha.

ukukhula

amathambo Long ikhula kuphuhliso esityeni epiphyseal okhethekileyo. Intlala layer phakathi epiphyses kunye diaphysis zikhula ngamandla ebuntwaneni kwaye ukukhula ngokucothayo ngexesha lokufikisa, nokuvuthwa uze. Le nkqubo ilawulwa hormone akayeki ide igqibeke yayo nokomzimba.

Ukukhula bone kakhulu esebenzayo kwenzeka ngexesha imoto nokomzimba. Ixesha lokuqala ithatha-5 ukuya ku-7, owesibini - ukususela-11 ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhula ukuyilwa ithambo iqhubeka, kodwa ihamba kade. Okokugqibela, ukubunjwa kwesigaba amathambo akugqiba iminyaka engama-20.

waphuka

waphula yezifo ingqibelelo kwezakhiwo skeletal ngamnye ingachazwa kwamathambo ngenxa yokuba umthwalo ngokugqithiseleyo.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela waphuka:

• ukulimala mechanical;
• izifo ezahlukeneyo ezibangela ukuncipha amandla amathambo (osteomyelitis, osteoporosis).

Types of kwamathambo:

• metaphyseal;
• epiphyseal;
• diaphyseal.

Iimpawu ze zaphuka:

• ukunyuka buhlungu kakhulu xa umthwalo;
• ukudumba ezenzeka emva kwexesha elithile le ityala;
• hematoma ebanzi, ukubonakala imizuzu engama-90 emva kokonzakala;
• Ukungaphumeleli umsebenzi mlenze eyonakeleyo.

Iimpawu womlinganiswa ingundoqo:

• indawo nemvelo le imilenze;
• ukuhamba bahlupheke ungamalungu ezahlukeneyo;
• crackle eqhelekileyo (ngomsindo) kwindawo yokulimala;
• kokuwa wethambo inxeba, waveza kwizaphuko ezivulekileyo.

ukululama

Yokuzalwa ngokutsha, impiliso esiqwini bone kwenzeka ukuyilwa iiseli ezintsha kwisiza yokwenzakala. Ukubuyiselwa ithambo tubular ingathatha ukususela kwiiveki eziliqela iinyanga eziliqela. Inkqubo ukuphilisa ifuna ukuphumla epheleleyo.

Moral ababandakanyekayo cambium inwebu le periosteum kunye iiseli ngumongo stem ebengezelayo.

Inkqubo ukuphilisa yahlulwe ngezigaba ezine:

1. Autolysis - xi esebenzayo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kwisiza ukwaphuka kunye ukunyibilikisa amaqhekeza nyama.
2. Kokwanda - andise kweeseli ithambo njengempendulo kukwenzakala kunye kwisizukulwana ngaxeshanye kwithishyu cartilaginous ke leyo indawo.
3. Ukubuyiselwa igazi, onokonzakalisa kakuhle, ukuyilwa kwento material compact.
4. recovery elipheleleyo emjelweni medullary, ukubuya ubuchule ezisebenzayo.

ekuxilongweni

Uxilongo lwe Ukophuka kufuneka kwenziwe esibhedlele. Kuba umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo umonakalo isifundo X-ray ukufumanisa iimpawu elililo kwaye ehlobene zaphuka.

Zokukhangela okungalunganga ikhutshwa phandle unyango, equka ukusetyenziswa okubekwe gypsum ukulungisa ivili. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa iindlela ukususa zokutsalwa kwimithwalo. Oku kulandelwa ixesha elide lokuqaphela imeko yomguli kunye namayeza.