Novo-Nikolsky Cathedral (Mozhaisk): inkcazelo, imbali, izinto zenkolo

iicawa Orthodox Russian na ixabiso eyodwa yenkcubeko. Phantsi izakhiwo ngobukhulu, icocekile kwaye ovuselela umoya amabali amaninzi zifihliwe, ezele iimfihlelo, iimbambano kunye nomzabalazo egazi ukholo. A ubungqina iphawulekayo woku Cathedral iSt Nicholas (Mozhaisk). Nangona obukhoyo yimincili zendalo nembali, wema kangangeenkulungwane kwaye obangcwalisayo umhlaba Russian. Yintoni ibali lakhe? Ziziphi izinto ezifihlakeleyo kaThixo kunye noovimba nooAshera phakathi kweendonga zayo?

indawo

City, apho Cathedral iSt Nicholas - Mozhaysk. Singene inxalenye yasentshona kummandla eMoscow kwaye sesinye sezixeko zindala Russian. Sisihlandlo sokuqala kulo yeembali zibhekisela 13-14 kwiinkulungwane th. Ngexesha ngabembi kwafunyanwa uyafumana ukusuka 3 amawaka. BC. e. Settlement kunye nokuhlanganiswa esekelwe phezu kwentaba (ngoku Cathedral Intaba) kwi esezantsi kuyo umlambo Mozhayki. Emva kwethutyana Mozhaisk yesicelo yakhiwa apha. Ekuqaleni kwaba ngamaplanga. Noko ke, kukho umlilo benkulungwane ye-16. Isizathu ngokuvumelana ezinye iingxelo ukuba ukuphanga noqhankqalazo phakathi kuphuculo labial. Emva koko, le nqaba wahlala ezayame nenqaba namatye elinyukayo. Kamva, ngokwemiyalelo Ivana Groznogo Mozhaisk yesicelo yakhiwa.

Imbali ibandla

Ngokutsho data Chronicle Nikolsky Cathedral yasekwa malunga ngexesha elinye njengoko inqaba ngenkulungwane ye-12 yaye eyamisa kwiSango Nikolsky. Wooden ekuqaleni, akazange aphile emva komlilo, ngoko ebandleni ngenkulungwane ye-15 ilitye elimhlophe wamiswa. Ngelo xesha, ukuba kwathiwa St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Cathedral. Ngexesha ehlasela Polish-Lithuanian icawa baphanga, isakhiwo yasinda. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, le ndlu yecawa sakhiwa. Gate (phezulu) ibandla Nikolsky esangweni ukwenza St Nicholas Cathedral entsha, nangaphantsi, ngokulandelelana, nguye St Nicholas Cathedral endala. Le yesibini emva emifanekisweni eziliqela kunye Ukuvuselela yabizwa ngokuba uPetros noPawulos Church.

incazelo

Ngaphandle, i New Cathedral of St Nicholas kuphela ngokuyinxenye efanayo kwisakhiwo Orthodox yemveli. Ukuba ziwenza loo msebenzi pseudo-, isiGothic isimbo, ogama Russian Gothic. Kulula ukuthelekelela ukusuka quirkiness kwiimo zokwakha kunye inkwenkwezi kaDavide ngaphambili. Ngaphakathi itempile ezihonjiswe enezintlu ezimbini oqingqiweyo ngomthi kwaye (!) Eqingqiweyo yabangcwele. Ngokungaqheleki isimbo ngokunxulumene yemveli (Orthodox) kwaye iyaxhaswa yi-Ngokwahlukileyo St Nicholas Cathedral endala (ngoku ke uPetros noPawulos Church).

Novo-Nikolsky itempile umi Nikolsky esangweni phezu kwenduli nebonakalayo kakuhle ekungeneni esixekweni. iinkcukacha kunye nokwakhiwa yogcino imizobo hayi baye basinda. Nakuba kunjalo, eminye imithombo zithi ukuba umbhali Cathedral yale projekthi ibalelwa ngokomakhi Russian kunye artist Alexey Bakarev.

Kukholelwa ukuba ulwakhiwo itempile yaqala ngo-1779, kodwa kugqitywa kuphela ngo-1814. Saqhubeka zizicima kunye utshintsho ngamaxesha athile le masterminds kunye nabenzi, kunye izongezelelo emifanekisweni. Ezindongeni alo kukho imifuziselo engaqhelekanga ekhoyo. Loo nto inika isiseko basem- ukuphika i "Masonic" ukwakhiwa version. Oku kuboniswa impembelelo Masonic ukuba wayekhona eRashiya ngaloo minyaka. Ukongeza, ezinye iingcali zithi umhla nokuzaliswa 500 engama th ngokufa iNkosi wokugqibela Templars - Jacques de Molay. Ngowe-1314, yena watshiselwa esibondeni.

Itempile kwakhona iquka unyawo-11 udonga Mozhaisk yesicelo, leyo azikhange zikwazi ukutshabalalisa ngexesha elinye ngompu Polish. Kubumeslani yamandulo, esibonakala amandla ethile kunye nokuthembeka iye yasetyenziswa njengesiseko.

Cathedral wokuvala

Ukususela ngowe-1933 ukuya ku-1994 - ixesha kunokuba mfiliba kwaye elingenammiselo kubomi zonqulo kweso sixeko. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, wavalwa St Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kabuhlungu yonakele. Nangona itempile ebuyiselweyo (ngaphandle lwesakhiwo ngundoqo rotunda), kule minyaka ingama-60 ukunitha mveliso lalikhona apha. Kunye kweminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, le yecawa kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezimbalwa zadluliselwa kwi-Ofisi Borodino Military History Museum. Kuphela ngo 1994 etempileni kwakhona waqalisa ukuya unqulo.

ukuzuza iivoti ezininzi kakhulu

Ngo-2013, kwakukho ukudilika enamandla Mozhaysk. Wathi folokohlo umhlaba entabeni apho New Cathedral of St Nicholas kubekwe. Kuyamangalisa kodwa yinyani. Ekutshatyalalisweni kakhulu kwezakhiwo bayisindisile ukuba ukudilika wayeka kwezinye kwiimitha-17 ukusuka etempileni. Ngokutsho kwabanye, iingozi ezincinane zaye zabambalwa udonga yayo entshonalanga. Kukho sistucco Izitena ziwile bawa. Abahlali umzi Bendisoloko ndisazi malunga iingozi bendalo kunye sesichengeni isonto, kodwa waqhubeka ukuya iinkonzo. Yaye kungekudala incwadi yabo ebhaliweyo kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeNkcubeko of Russia kunye ingcaciso, apho kwindawo ezingazinzanga i Orthodox e Mozhaisk, nangokubuza kuqinisa. Ngowe-2014, wonke umsebenzi wokulungisa lwagqitywa.

Ukunyamalala eliyimfihlakalo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba St Nicholas Cathedral kwixesha revolution walondoloza esele abangcwele (Sergiya Radonezhskogo, Prince Vladimir, Lawrence-yokulola, nkolo Makary noBarbara, i zihlaba Michael Stadskogo kunye Nikon Sukhoi). Noko ke, ngo-1919, bona ivele kunye yanyamalala.

Okunye Ukunyamalala lubizwa kwenzeka entwasahlobo ka-1922. Eli xesha ukulahlekelwa kwakuphawuleka kakhulu kwi yokomoya ngokwalo eziphathekayo. ubrus amabini umfanekiselo Virgin, ababini Zvezditsa, indebe kunye nemifanekiso ezingcwele zathathwa, iminqamlezo zegolide kunye nebheji of Peter I. Zonke izinto zazihonjiswe kunye iidayimani kunye namatye anqabileyo. Kwakhona wanyamalala unkontsho kunye chasuble kunye nomfanekiso Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Ngubani babebanjwe amanqugwala ayaziwa. Bona yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo.

Noko ke, nangona iingxelo ezininzi, ngowe-1925, umbhali-mbali wengingqi N. I. Vlasev, emele isithili Mozhaisk, ezincwadini zabo ngokweenkcukacha yachaza yokwaleka Nikoly Mozhayskogo kunye inowuthi ukuba agcinwe kwi yesicelo Izikrweqe.

icon

Of ixabiso ngokukodwa umzi Mozhaisk kwakusoloko i icon ye Nikolaya Mozhayskogo - sinoMthetheleli abemi balo. Sisihlandlo sokuqala kulo zifumaneka nkqu epics "Sadko", "Mihajlo Potyk". Kukwakho isithethe endala. Ngokutsho kwakhe, xa Wangqingwa ke umzi ziintshaba. Bayibona ingozi, abantu Mozhaisk wathandaza ngokuzingisileyo Nikolayu Chudotvortsu. Kungekudala le nqaba kwabonakala umfanekiso obubalaseleyo saint. Ebengezelayo ikrele kwaye bayingozi khangela ukoyikisa iintshaba. Nantso indlela St Nicholas waba saint umxhasi isichotho Mozhaev oko. Emva koko, nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo somthi zadalwa. Umfanekiso usichaza santa ngekrele ngesandla sakhe sokunene, Mozhaiskaya inqaba - ngasekhohlo.

Sculpture ahombise bazingela chasuble zesilivere, nonkontsho kunye iiperile ezinkulu, umnqamlezo ngegolide, namatye anqabileyo. Emnqamlezweni esifubeni, yaye isithsaba yawo yayenziwe ngegolide ecwengileyo, nekrele ngomthi kunye nesichotho Mozhaev pozlascheny.

Ngumfanekiso St Nicholas wayemi e St Nicholas Cathedral. Ngexesha leMfazwe ka-1812, le tempile (sidle) yachaphazeleka kakhulu, kodwa eqingqiweyo kunye nezinye iimpahla ezixabisekileyo ibandla baye basinda ngokuba ifihlwe angaphantsi. Namhlanje, lo oyidingayo igcinwe eMoscow, le Tretyakov Gallery. Kwaye Nicholas Cathedral wabeka icon yengcwele.

anika umdla

• Umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso St Nicholas, zixhonywe Nikolsky esangweni, lilindwe ziintshaba Mozhaisk. Ihambe okanye laphezulu, kodwa xa icon kwasuswa umzi, ngoko nangoko yathinjwa lutshaba. Oku kunika ilivo ezidolophini, kodwa imihla kunye neziganeko ngqo akukho kuboniswe.
• Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kukho ngaphezu kweshumi of St Nicholas Church eRashiya. Enye yezona kubekwe eSt Petersburg, Orenburg - omnye kakhulu batyelela. Kunye Nicholas Cathedral (Mozhaisk) mhlawumbi yeyona indala phakathi 'abazalwana' bakhe kunye nesimbo engaqhelekanga izakhiwo.
• Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ebudeni bemithendeleko Fairground e Mozhaisk yaba isenzeko emangalisayo. Ngaphezu St Nicholas Cathedral for ubusuku eliqela umqolo kwaqatshelwa bugcwele eliqaqambileyo. Abemi kuqala nayo kuba ngumlilo, yakuqonda, ingqalelo ummangaliso nentsikelelo yeNkosi.

namhlanje

Kungoku nje indawo Mozhajskij inama ngaphezu kokuba sites kweshumi. Phakathi kwazo kukho amabandla kubaluleke Orthodox. indawo yokuqala kolu luhlu St Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk ugcina imbali yayo sisityebi yinkungu. De kube ngoku, izazinzulu zisaxoxa ukuba ingaba ixabiso lenkcubeko Russian yinyani okanye omnye uphawu Masonic. Kodwa ibandla Orthodox ukuba akunamsebenzi. Kulo lonke Russia apha ethembekile zizokunqula imifanekiso engcwele kunye izinto kwaye uzive icocekile kwaye ovuselela umoya. St Nicholas Cathedral - lesikhumbuzo wokwenene zembali, leyo, kunye nezinye iitempile yamandulo embhoxo ngamandla okholo Orthodox, ngaloo ndlela idolo kwaye ukumanyanisa abantu Russia.