Amanzi sisiseko ngayo ubomi emhlabeni. Noko ke, into esiyaziyo ngaye? Le unesimo ifomula yemichiza elula banokufunda yokungapheli. Kuyo yonke imbali yobukho bomntu, amanzi usesikhundleni lubalaseleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngokungxama esibhakabhakeni iphela, oosonzululwazi bazama ukufumana kwezinye izijikelezi yemithombo yamanzi, apho wayeza kuba ubungqina ubomi eziphilayo. Ngelishwa, imigudu nangoku ilize. Nangona uphando olwenziweyokwakunye nezinye ezifunyaniswe siye nto, kwaba ubukho nezinye izizwe ukuba Zizigqithile nathi kuphuhliso ezininzi ngamaxesha ayo.
Amanzi - ngenxa yobukho bethu
Bambalwa kuthi wakha wazibuza ukuba, 'Yintoni na amanzi? "Kodwa ngaphandle kuyo, ubomi bomntu nje akunakwenzeka. Science uthi amathandathu umbungu kwi 97% amanzi, ekuzalweni, imali yayo liye lancitshiswa 92%, umzimba teen iqulethe 80% ukwimo, njengoko umntu omdala, amanani ezi 70% kunye nabadala - 60% kuphela. Oku kunokubonwa ukuba njalo ethile, nto leyo evumela ukuba ndizele ugwebo kweli hlabathi uselula yaye izele amandla aphume kulo, waye ke ebehleli ukuya neminyaka ubudala. Unako inamathele zonke iintlobo zokutya, ngokupheleleyo ukuyeka inyama, isonka kunye neemveliso zobisi, kodwa ingabandakanywa amanzi avela ukutya akunakwenzeka. Nomnqweno onamandla ukuba umthamo wamanzi emzimbeni liye lancitshiswa 5-8%, lo gama omntu saka kokubona, zaphazanyiswa umsebenzi kukuginya, emehlweni nomsindo nokuva, syncope kwenzeka. A ethile fluid kakhulu zinokubiza impilo kunye nobomi. Ukubaluleka kwamanzi abantu bukhulu kangangokuba asikwazi ukucinga ubomi bam ngaphandle lo mgubo nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo. Kwaye abaninzi kuthi phambi kwayo imvume, ndizilibala ukuthatha unonophelo zobu bomi-yokupha nasentlakohlaza ephilisa. Water - kuphela jikelele kuzo zonke izondlo izimbiwa kwakunye acid kunye neevithamini. Oku uyakwazi ukunyenyisa iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni wethu, zigutyula iimveliso inkunkuma neentlobo ngeentlobo kumacandelo ezinetyhefu. Oku ngamanzi ngoncedo izihlunu zethu ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ophambili - contractility. Akukho iimbaleki wonder ukudla usoloko iqulethe imali ukwanda kolwelo. Yintoni na amanzi kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla? Le yenye ukutya okusisiseko kwaye kubalulekile. Rhoqo kusasa siqala ikomityi yekofu esandul 'ukwenziwa okanye iti, apho kungekho manzi uyose nje akunakwenzeka, njengoko uninzi izitya ozithandayo. Izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba ukugcina umntu esempilweni kufuneka kudla ngosuku kwiilitha ezingama-2.5 ulwelo - oku kuya kuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yakhe, elikhuthaza intshukumo engqondweni, yaye anike amandla.
Phi amanzi?
iplanethi yethu iqulathe malunga 1500 nezigidi kweekhilomitha ezi-3 amanzi, ukusuka apho-10% kuphela ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. imithombo emininzi ibekwe phantsi kwesikhoko kubunzulu obahlukeneyo - it ikuvumela ukuba uwahlule ube komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu komhlaba kubo. Ezinzulwini zomhlaba loo amachibi aye imilo iimpahla esikhethekileyo ukuba singqongwe kwaye ziqulathe nasemaweni nzima ngamanzi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Amadama, sayifumana kubunzulu ezimbalwa iimitha, Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesiseko emithonjeni. Nangona kunjalo, lo manzi usoloko wadibana umaleko ongaphezulu zomhlaba evakalala, iyenza zingcoliswe kwaye akusoloko efanelekileyo iimfuno zekhaya. Umkhenkce Antarctica, ibekwe eGreenland, i mthombo omkhulu amanzi acocekileyo. Ukongeza, indima enkulu ebomini bethu badlala kwezulu, leyo akhiwa komphunga imithombo yendalo. Kwaye indlela amanzi amatsha asuka elwandle ngokusebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela ezibonakalayo kunye imichiza ukuze kufumana rhoqo ngonyaka? Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi ngokufuthi iimfuno zabo umntu usebenzisa amanzi namachibi kunye nemilambo. Izimvu yedwa okuthile! Ngapha koko, lo ngowona awona kwaye dama enkulu yendalo, ibekwe ke babeziindleko eRashiya. zikhephe kuba akukho xabiso kwaye wonder nastoyschim yehlabathi. Ngaphezulu kwe 6000 km 3 amanzi agcinwe eziphilayo, kuquka izityalo. Ngoko ke, imithombo yamanzi yendalo zisasazwe umhlaba. Man njalo inxibelelane uhlobo engamanzi: nge xhopho, umchamo kunye kukhuthaza amathontsi amanzi kunye ukuphefumla. Noko ke, bambalwa abantu bebuza, "? Yintoni eyayiza kwenzeka ukuba ukukhuthazana enjalo ukuyeka" Kulo mzekelo, i emzimbeni lwenzeka - inkqubo emzimbeni. Siqala ndiba buthathaka, sinazo inxaxheba iyangongoza, kubonakala ukuphelelwa umoya kunye nesiyezi. Ngenxa yoko, oku kwenzeke iinkqubo ayibuyiseki umva kwi iinkqubo Wayesoyika sentliziyo, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kokufa komzimba wethu.
Water endalweni
Ukuba ukhangela Earth evela emajukujukwini, ungenza bayakhwankqiswa yindlela yanikelwa wabiza lo mzimba yasezulwini. Igama kakhulu efanelekileyo yokufundela - amanzi. Asinto oosomajukujuku nje kuthelekiswa iplanethi kunye ibhola blue, njengoko ultramarine nako ukucinezela yonke imibala ukuba ezendeleyo kumphezulu womhlaba.
Olwandle ke unina zonke izinto eziphilayo, yaye izazinzulu ezininzi bathi ubomi yokuqala kwavela kanye kwindawo emanzini. Xa umzimba elincinane ngokwentelekiso kwisitulo amanzi akwazi ukuqokelela izinto ezithile eziphilayo apho efika apho kusetyenziswa kwamanzi aqukuqelayo. Emva koko ezinjalo iikhompawundi swi kumphezulu engaphakathi izimbiwa sekhombuya nto leyo catalyze ngayo. Kamva, a brand ubomi obutsha unexplored ukuba abantu kodwa ukuba zihlolwe. Kule mihla amanzi kwindalo kucingwa ukuba umbandela ixhaphakileyo, kuba bangaphezu kwama-70% yendawo epheleleyo kumphezulu womhlaba ehlanganiswa kwamachibi zendalo% malunga-30 kuphela kweli lizwe. Amanzi ubhetyebhetye kangangokuba, abantu baye bafunda ukuba ukulisebenzisa phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi babo. Sonke sithanda ukuba ekufakeni isanti efudumeleyo kufutshane elwandle kwaye sijonge phambili dolzhgozhdanny lekhefu ukuze ubuyele kwi gentle bebambelele amaza ulwandle ukudlala nokuthantamisa.
Iiklasi zamanzi endalo
Amanzi:
- Fresh - 2.5%;
- ityuwa - 97,5%;
- ngokohlobo anetyuwa.
Nicinga ukuba malunga nama-75% amanzi sikwimo emkhenkceni incam yezwe kunye ezihambayo, ngaphantsi yi malunga ne-24% ye-komhlaba kunye umhlaba iphaphatheke 0,5% ukunyakama, kuvela ukuba mthombo libiza kancinane kwaye uninzi ifumaneka lula amanzi ngenxa bethu namachibi , imilambo kunye nezinye yamanzi komhlaba. Eyoyikisayo ukucinga ukuba akhawunti ye% malunga 0,01 kuphela zolondolozo lwamanzi lwehlabathi. Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na amanzi?" Unako ukuphendula ngokukhuselekileyo - oku buncwane buxabisekileyo iplanethi yethu.
Iimpawu zamanzi
Chemical formula amanzi ilula - yikhompawundi ye atom oxygen kunye ezimbini atom hydrogen. Kubonakala ngathi ukuze kube lula, kodwa akukho nto twisisaka ngakumbi. Amanzi kuphela into unako khona ngendalo kumazwe amathathu: sukube, eqinileyo okanye engamanzi, kuxhomekeke kwengcinezelo kunye neqondo lobushushu. Olu lwelo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuvela kunye nolondolozo lweenkqubo zokuphila on Earth, kwakunye ukuze kwakhiwe imozulu kunye nesimo sendawo.
Amanzi akuphela kwento emva ihamba ngomoya. Oku sasingahlali ndawonye, ukwenza ukuhamba imigama emide kakhulu. Xa ubethwa bubushushu elanga kwenzeka ukuba komphunga amanzi avela kumphezulu yezityalo, umhlaba, imilambo, iindawo zokugcina kunye nolwandle. Oku kuvelisa umphunga eqokelela kwilifu kuthwalwa umoya, uze uwe phezu kumazwekazi ohlukeneyo ngokohlobo ngekhephu okanye imvula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amanzi uyakwazi zikhupha ubushushu ngaphandle kulungise yandisa kwithempritsha yayo, ngokwenjenjalo elawula kwemozulu. Le ndlela yokubala molekyuli amanzi kubonisa ukuba le nto umntu isakhiwo esilula, kodwa ke zicingeleka kancinane ayavelelwa, njengoko kusekho baninzi ngokungaqheleki unexplored weli, nto leyo nayo kukhonza ukugcina eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Iipropati Physical amanzi
Amanzi okanye i oxide hydrogen lulwelo yemichiza kuthatha uhlobo ulwelo ezingenambala apho ongenaye ivumba okanye incasa. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, H2O (amanzi) ligcinwa zikarhulumente elulwelo, lo gama iikhompawundi ezifana kukho iigesi hydrogen. Konke oku kuchazwe yi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo athom ukwenza i molecule, kwaye kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo.
Ithontsi lamanzi wenziwe molecule bathanda nezibonda esahlukileyo, ngaloo ndlela yokutshata polar, atsho ngaphandle umgudu engenakwenzeka. ngasinye kumafa yayo iqulethe ion hydrogen, nto leyo incinane kangangokuba kusichukumisa ngokusebenzisa iqokobhe ioksijini atom ezigxekayo kwemolekyuli asebumelwaneni. Oku kukhokelela ibhondi hydrogen. umzobo Water ibonisa ukuba molecule ngamnye ulwalamano oluhle kunye iimolekyuli amane angabamelwane, ezimbini kuzo akhiwa athom ioksijini, kunye nezinye ezimbini - athom hydrogen. Ukongeza, amanzi eliphezulu kwempixano kumphezulu, lo mhlaba na enasilela mercury kuphela. Le viscosity no- H2O kungenxa iikhompawundi hydrogen musa ukuvumela molekyuli ukuhamba ngesantya ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, amanzi uthathwa ukuba abe isinyibilikisi esihle, ekubeni zonke molecule ye ibinyibilikisa nangoko engqongwe iimolekyuli zamanzi, kwaye kukuninzi. Ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo icala polar izabelo into molekyuli umdla athom ioksijini, kwaye kakubi wamwisela - hydrogen.
Waba yintoni amanzi uyaxabana?
Oku kuquka izinto ezilandelayo:
- izinyithi asebenzayo (calcium, potassium, isodiyam, barium, kunye nabanye abaninzi);
- halogens (chloro, fluoro) kunye mezhgaloidnye nezixandileyo;
- ityuwa;
- anhydrides ezingaphiliyo acids carboxylic;
- umchiza organometallic;
- carbides, nitrides, phosphides, silicides, hydrides iintsimbi esebenzayo;
- silanes, boron;
- carbon suboxide;
- iigesi amanene Imichiza.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa itshiswe?
uyaxabana Water:
- magnesium, yentsimbi;
- methane, carbon;
- kunye halides alkyl.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa kukho kuvala?
uyaxabana Water:
- kunye alkenes;
- iasithilini;
- kunye nitrites;
- amides;
- kunye esters ze asidi carboxylic.
Ukuxinana kwamanzi
mninzi amanzi Formula ufana parabola kunye enekona kwiqondo elithile 3,98 degrees. Kula manani lexinene umchiza 1000 kg / m 3. Ukuxinana amanzi echibini iphenjelelwa yimiba ezifana lobushushu, etyuwa, ubukho neetyuwa, kwaye yengcinezelo nomphezulu. Science lubonise ukuba xa ephezulu ubushushu, kokukhona nomthamo lwesiyobisi kuthoba mninzi yayo. Kunjalo amanzi, kodwa uluhlu 0 C ku-4 C lwenziwa, njengoko ubushushu kwandisa umthamo iqala ukunciphisa. Ukuba akukho igesi amanzi zichithakala nje, iya zipholile ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu -70 ° C, kodwa akukho aguqulwa abe ngumkhenkce. Nguwo lo nto kuziswa ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu 150 ° C kwaye ayithethi ubilise. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Ifomula amanzi nabalulamileyo kakhulu, iimpahla zazo sele amawaka amaninzi abantu banyanzeleka ukuba banqule nesiqalelo enamandla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngenxa yempilo
Zibandakanya amanzi yonke inyama yabantu: izihlunu, amathambo, imiphunga, intliziyo, ntso, nomhlehlo wesibindi, isikhumba kunye namafutha kwithishyu. Uninzi engamanzi, ezizezi, 99%, iquka umzimba vitreous iso, kwaye akanakufane malunga 0.2%, izinyo lwawo. Rich lwesihloko amanzi kunye nobuchopho, kuba ngaphandle kwalo into asikwazi ukucinga kwaye ziveze ulwazi. Naziphi abasabela kwemichiza ibakho emzimbeni, uyakwazi ngokupheleleyo kwenzeka kuphela ukuba ubonelelo olwaneleyo amanzi, ngenye indlela, zomzimba kunye neeseli baziqwebele iimveliso ekupheleni yokucolwa eya kukhokelela kwizifo ezininzi. Ukuze uphephe oku, kufuneka uzigcine ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
Indima amanzi emzimbeni
Amanzi kusiza:
- yezothutho amasebe awohlukeneyo kunye nezihlunu izondlo, izimbiwa kunye ioksijini;
- ukususwa kwenkunkuma, buthi, kunye neetyuwa zayo;
- kuqheleke ubushushu;
- ummiselo hemopoiesis kunye umfutho uxinzelelo;
- ukuthambisa ajikeleze emalunga kunye nezihlunu.
iimpawu emzimbeni
Xa emzimbeni kuyagcinwa izenzakalo ezinjalo:
- ukozela, buthathaka;
- umlomo owomileyo, ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo;
- fever, intloko ebuhlungu;
- ephula ukucinga, niphele;
- aqaqambayo;
- ngamaphupho;
- umbono buthuntu nokuva;
- ukuyilwa umonakalo cholesterol, ukuhamba kwegazi lomonakalo;
- iintlungu kwamalunga.
isifo kunokwenzeka kwamanzi izinga lamanzi
Ngamana ukuphuhlisa zifo ezilandelayo:
- samathambo;
- heartburn, gastritis, ukuqhina;
- ukuyilwa enyongweni;
- ukutyeba.
Kuyanconywa ukusela yonke imihla neelitha 2.5 ulwelo, kuquka ulwelo eziqulathwe kule ukutya. Ukuba umntu etshaya, osukuba esidla inyama, basele utywala nekofu, kufanele andise izinga imihla emanzini, njengoko le mikhwa ziye igalelo ekwandiseni emzimbeni. Emva kokuphumla kamnandi ebusuku, zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu ikhula, kutheni kufuneka ukuxhasa umzimba wakho nokudala reserve amanzi eyongezelelweyo kuye. Emini, xa siye sabona kwincopho umsebenzi, kungcono ukuthatha ulwelo e iinxalenye ezincinane, ukuze ukuzithwalisa imithwalo inkqubo kunye nezibilini. Ebusuku kubalulekile ukuphakamisa zonke izithintelo baze basele kangangoko ufuna, Kakade ke, ukuba akukho iingxaki zempilo.
Nokuba kuyimfuneko ukuhlamba ukutya?
Izinga ngemihla amanzi kuthunyelwa ngokulinganayo, ingakumbi luncedo ziyokusela ulwelo phambi izidlo bunjani pathways kunye nokucoca neenkqubo kwakunye ukuthoba izinga cholesterol igazi ingqalelo. Oogqirha musa Siyaleza ukuhlamba ukutya, kuba kule meko incindi esiswini liyangxengwa, kwaye inkqubo ukwetyisa eso kwathotha phantsi. Ukunqongophala kwamanzi emzimbeni kungakhokelela uxinezeleko, ebangela iziganeko ingqondo nendlala uya kuza, nangona kutshanje wadla. Ngenxa yale nto ke, uya kwakhona endaweni nizalise iziselo. Kweli nqanaba, izondlo extra lizakugcinwa njengo kukutyeba, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo ezinokuchaphazela kakubi imeko jikelele. Ukusela amanzi ngokwaneleyo yonke imihla, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukucinezela imvakalelo indlala nokunciphisa isixa ukutya bagqitywe, ingakumbi okunamafutha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amanzi ayo neti awukwazi indawo ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi acocekileyo, ekubeni inezinto esebenzayo leyo iphazamise ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali umzimba. iziselo nezihlwahlwazayo nazo eyenziwe iikhemikali eyingozi engabangela kwamanzi ngakumbi.
anika umdla
1. Xa umzimba lezilwanyana nezityalo, isixa-avareji kwamanzi ngaphezu kwama-50%.
2. Ukubunjwa yokwaleka koMhlaba iqulethe amanzi izihlandlo ezili-10 ngaphezulu kwe elwandle.
3. Ubunzulu avareji iilwandle ngu 3.6 km, babugubungela-71% ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye iqulethe malunga 97,6% lobonelelo ezikhoyo yamanzi.
4. Xa kungekho yehlabathi protuberances zomphandle kunye misinga amanzi aza kunyuka ngaphezu umhlaba leekhilomitha-3.
5. Ukuba yonke umkhenkce zanyibilika, inqanaba amanzi aza kunyuka nge-64 m, apho 1/8 umhlaba uza kukhukuliswa.
6. Ulwandle une-avareji ye-35% lumtyuba, evumela ukuba ngumkhenkce kwiqondo ka -1,91 ° C
7. Kwezinye iimeko amanzi ngumkhenkce kwiqondo ngaphezu zero.
8. Ngaphakathi nanotubes ifomula amanzi utshintsha iimolekyuli wabo urhulumente omtsha, nto leyo evumela fluid kuqukuqela kwiqondo lobushushu zero.
9. Amanzi uyakwazi ukubonakalisa ukuya kwi-5% of imitha yelanga, nekhephu - ngaphezu kwe-85%, kodwa le umkhenkce kusichukumisa% 2 kuphela kwemini.
10. amanzi olwandle acocekileyo siluhlaza, ngenxa nokufunxwa yayo bakhethe nokusasazeka.
11. Ukusetyenziswa amathontsi amanzi athontsize kulo faucet, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngokutsha lombane malunga 10 kilovolts.
12. Amanzi yenye izinto ezimbalwa zendalo ekwayiyo kwi inguqu ukusuka kulwelo ukuya okuqinileyo.
13. I-umphunga kunye amanzi zivutha ile fluorine, umxube onjalo kwi zoqhaphelo aphezulu abe Uyadubula.
Ekuphetheni
Yintoni na amanzi? Kuyinto ezahlukeneyo, nangona ezimbaxa elula oko kukuthi izinto zokwakha ezingundoqo iplanethi yethu. Akukho eziphilayo awukwazi kuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi. Kuyinto umthombo wamandla, i USB medium kunye ziyindlela yokwenene yempilo. Nkqu nookhokho bethu ukholelwa ngamandla amangalisayo amanzi asetyenziswa iimpawu zayo linophiliso ukunyanga izifo ezininzi. umngeni Isizukulwana sethu kukugcina le ntlekele ezintle ngale ndlela likuyo yamandulo. A lot singenza ntoni nakwizizukulwana zethu bazive bekhuselekile kakhulu. Gcina amanzi, siya ndisindise ubomi wethu omangalisayo othe umhlaba. Abantu ukuthatha unonophelo emanzini! Akazange ithathe bonke ubutyebi behlabathi. Water - bubhalwe ngobume iplanethi yethu, intliziyo yaso igazi.