Amakhiwane: akhula ekhaya. Amakhiwane avela kumbewu. Ukukhula ngaphandle, ukunakekelwa

Amakhiwane, ungumkhiwane, ungumkhiwane - lo isityalo esisezantsi esithanda ukukhula apho kushushu. Nangona kunjalo, abalimi baseRussia abayiki ingxaki ezizayo, kwaye baqala ukuzama ukuyihlwayela kungekuphela kwifestile, kodwa nakwiindawo eziqingqiweyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli lihleko elihle kakhulu, ngoko-ke funda, fumana ulwazi lolwazi kwaye uzame - luyathakazelisa kakhulu.

Iimpawu zesityalo

Ngaphambi kokuba ukhule umsila wokutshala, kukuhle ukubuza ukuba umkhiwane ubonisa ntoni. Ukulima kwesi sibonakaliso-berry ekhaya kudinga isimo sengqondo kunye nomonde omkhulu. Isityalo esikhulu sinyamezela ukushisa kwexesha lokubanda kwixesha elibusika ukuya kuma-degrees -20, kodwa akuyi kunika isivuno esingaphezu kweyodwa ngonyaka, kanti kwiindawo ezitshisa izityalo zisuswe kathathu ngonyaka. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yeemeko zethu oku kungumntu ongaqhelekanga, nangona kunjalo, ukuze umthi ukhule kwaye iziqhamo zivuthiwe, kuyimfuneko ukunika ingqwalasela ephezulu kwinto yokuba isityalo siyifumana ukushisa okwaneleyo. Kule ndlela kuphela uya kuba nokufumana amaqhiwane amnandi ngekwindla. Ukukhula ekhaya inamba enkulu yeziqhamo zaseTropiki - le nkqubo inomdla kakhulu.

Iingcebiso zokulima

Kucacile ukuba indlela ehleliweyo yokutyala apha ayilungile, isityalo siza kuthwala ubusika, kwaye siza kufakelwa, njengoko siya kuba sikhulu kakhulu. Ngoko awufumani amaqabunga amnandi kunye anamandla. Ukukhula ekhaya kudla ngokukhawulelana nokuhluthwa, emva koko isityalo sithunyelwa kwindawo evulekile. Ukuze kungagcini nje ukuba uphile kwisityalo, kodwa kwakhona ukuzisa isivuno, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo kuphela, kodwa usebenzise indlela ekhethekileyo yokutyala. Ngaphezu koko, kuyadingeka ukwakha isiqithi ngendlela ekhethekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba amagatsha awo angabikho ebandayo ebusika. Siqala ukudibanisa yonke into ngokufanelekileyo. Okokuqala, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele imbewu, leyo ingashukuthela kumyezo.

Ukukhula kwamakhiwane ekhaya ukusuka kwimbewu

Umsebenzi unzima kakhulu, ofuna ixesha elininzi kunye nomonde. Akunjalo bonke abalimi bavuma ukulinda iminyaka engama-8-8 ngaphambi kwexesha apho izityalo zokuqala ziza kuvuthwa kwamasebe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umdla wakho kwisityalo udala, ngoko unomdla kwinkqubo ngokwayo, ngoko kutheni ungawukhangeli, uqala ngeentlobo ezincinci, iifestile.

Ukuze ufumane imbewu, kufuneka uthenge amakhiwane amasha okanye omisiwe. Iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo eziqokelelwe kwimimandla zinezilimo zokuhluma kakuhle. Ngoku kufuneka ulinde entwasahlobo kwaye uhlwayelwe imbewu emhlabathini. Imbewu ihlanjwe kakuhle, isusa i-muscus kubo, kwaye isasazeka ukuze iphele. Ukutyala imbewu kwi-2 cm engama-2 cm, usebenzise kakuhle amanzi kwaye uqweqwe ngesikhwama seplastiki. Phantse iiveki zintathu, ngaphandle kokuba ugcino oluphezulu kunye nobushushu bomoya bugcinwe, umkhiwane omncinane uya kubonakala. Ngoku wakho umsebenzi uhamba ngokukhawuleza ukuba usebenzise izityalo kwindawo yokushisa, kwaye uzibise, uzibeke ebhaleni kuqala imizuzu embalwa, kwaye emva kweeyure. Xa izityalo zifikelela kwi-10 cm ubude, unokukhetha.

Ukuhlakulela amakhiwane kunye noncedo lwezinto zokusika

Le ndlela ihamba ngokukhawuleza ukuba iikhiwane ziyanda. Ukukhula ekhaya (ifoto ngokucacileyo ibonisa le nkqubo) ibandakanya ukuhluthwa kweziqhamo kunye nokutshintshela okulandelayo emva kwebhodi elikhulu okanye ukufika kumhlaba ovulekile. Yiyiphi efanelekileyo kakhulu, kuba amagatsha okucoca anokunqunyulwa naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, ngoko xa abahlobo bakho behlangene kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, bacele ukuba bazise iifotshana, bawafake kwendwangu ebomvu.

Izicucu eziphumo kufuneka zilungele ukutyala ngokutyumba. Kwi-bark, ukubandakanywa kwexesha elide kufuneka kwenziwe, kuvela apha ukuba i-rootlets iyakhula. Ngoku ufake i-shank emanzini kwiiyure eziliqela, ukuze i-milky juice iphume. Ngendlela efanayo, kubalulekile ukuba unqande umhlaba ngokusisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate, emva koko i-cuttings ityalwe kwindawo engama-5 cm. Iphezulu kunye ne-1 cm yesanti, kwaye isitya sinxibe ngejebe okanye i-polyethylene. Ngeenyanga emva koko uza kubona amaqabunga amancinane okuqala, kwaye inyanga kamva umkhiwane uya kuba ulungele ukutshintshwa. Malunga nomnyaka kamva, kuya kukwazi ukutya isiqhamo sokuqala.

Amakhiwane ebhodweni

Isityalo esincinane singasichitha kwi-pot malunga neenyanga ezili-12, ngelo xesha ipropati yayo iya kukhula ngokukodwa, kwaye kuyakufuneka ukuyifake. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza embhodweni omkhulu kunciphise ukuphuhliswa kwayo, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukugubungela isityalo ngaphandle kwebhodeni ngonyaka, hlola iingcambu zayo kwaye ukhethe entsha. Igumbi kufuneka liphazamise inkqubo yeengcambu kwaye ihambe kwelinye igumbi lokukhula kunye nophuhliso lwayo. Izityalo zabantu abadala (ngokuqhelekileyo ukutshala iminyaka emithandathu) bayeke ekuphuhlisweni kwabo, ngoku unokuziguqula yonke iminyaka emi-5-6.

Ukuba kukho ezinye iziqhelo ezikuvumela ukuba ukhule umkhiwane omuhle. Ukunyamekela nokukhula ekhaya kufuneka kuhambisane neemfuno zesityalo sezotroli. Xa utyalwe, intamo ingcwatywa, kwaye isityalo ngokwaso sisekukhawulweni oluqaqambileyo, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuthambisa okulungileyo.

Enye into emangalisa ngayo: esi sityalo esinqabileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ekuqaleni kwekwindla kuyakufuneka ukumnike ixesha lokuphumla. Kungcono ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa ukuya kuma-+5 degrees, ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, ngaphambi kokuba intwasahlobo ibekwe kwindawo emnyama kwaye unciphise ukuthambisa. Ukunkcenkceshela kwenziwa ngamanzi apholileyo kwaye kuphela nje ukuze umhlaba ungasomile.

Ukuvusa i Spring

Siyaqhubeka sithetha ngamakhiwane. Ukulima ekhaya (ukuphononongwa kuthiwa akunzima kangako njengoko kubonakalayo) kuba lunomdla ngakumbi nangokufika kwentwasahlobo. Ngokubonakala kweentso zokuqala, isityalo sidluliselwa kwindawo eqaqambileyo kunye nokunyusa kwanda. Ngelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukuyondla nge-nitrogen fertilizer. Kwixesha elizayo, le nkqubo kufuneka iphindwe kabini ngenyanga. Okwesibini neyesithathu kunokwenziwa ngoncedo lwe-nitrogen fertilizer, kwaye ke kufuneka usebenzise izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukunciphisa

Amakhiwane - kusengumthi, ngoko ke ukuba unganandaba nokubunjwa kwesithsaba, iya kuguqula kwisilwanyana. Njalo entwasahlobo, mhlawumbi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ihlumela, kufuneka unqunyulwe izihlumelo ezijoliswe ngaphakathi, kwaye udibanise phezulu. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba amagatsha angenakukwazi ukuchukumiseka, kukuthi isityalo senziwe. Ininzi iqhele isithsaba ngesimo somqhubi, kulula kakhulu. Iintlahlela zeqoqo lokuqala zenziwa kwiimithombo zonyaka ophelileyo ukuqala kwehlobo.

Ukutyala okusemgangathweni kwindawo evulekile

Enyanisweni, ukulima komkhiwane osezantsi kumantla akuyona into elula. Yingakho abaninzi bengenzi ukukhula kwamakhiwane. Ukukhula ekhaya, izifo kunye nobunzima obuhlukahlukeneyo, umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa isityalo kwindawo ebusika ebandayo - konke oku kuyingxabano enzima yokutshala isityalo esitshintshelwe kwiimeko zethu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho phakathi kwabalimi kunye nalabo abangesabi ubunzima. Ukuba isityalo sikhula kakuhle, sihlonyelwe kwiindawo ezinzulu. Kule meko, indawo kufuneka ibe yelanga kakhulu kwaye ifudumele kuyo yonke indawo. Kulungile kakhulu, ukuba le ndawo ivulekile ukusuka ngasemzantsi, kwaye onke amanqaku aya kugutywa ngeendonga zetena okanye kwimithi. Oku kuya kudala i-microclimate ekhethekileyo.

Ukumba umsele

Ngoku kuyafuneka ukusebenza, kuxhomekeke ekuhlaleni amakhiwane ekhaya. Ehlabathini evulekile kuyimfuneko ukumba umtsalane unyawo kunye nesiqingatha. Ngelo xesha, susa umgca ophezulu, ngowona mhlaba ogqithiseleyo, kwaye ulahlekelwe kwicala elinye, siya kuwusebenzisa ukudala i-substrate. Uluhlu olungaphantsi, amacebo angenakondla aphethwe ngasentla, enza i-shaft shaft. Ububanzi bu malunga nomitha omnye. Ngelo xesha, udonga olusentla lumele lwenziwe nge-slope ephantsi. Ngoku gcwalisa uluhlu lwamanzi, kwaye phezulu - isondlo se-nutrient exutywe kunye ne-humus ne-biohumus, ubunzulu bomgodi buncitshiswe malunga ne-100 cm.

Ukushisa okungeziwe

Siye sagxininisa ukuba amakhiwane - isityalo esinamandla kakhulu kwi-thermophilic. Ngako oko, akuyi kubakho nje ukugcina, kodwa ukunyusa ubushushu behlobo. Ngenxa yoko, umthamo osenzantsi womsele uhlanganiswe ngefilimu emnyama, kwaye umthamo osenyakatho unqineke ngeebhodi ezimhlophe zenziwe ngegolide. Ngomso udonga lubutha ukushisa, kodwa ebusuku ubunikela. Ebusika, kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezikhuselekileyo, amakhiwane aya kukhuselwa ngokupheleleyo kwiqhwa, kuba umhlaba ukhululeka ngaphandle kweemitha enye. Ngaloo ndlela umkhiwane ubusika ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye uvelisa. Ukufika okunjalo kuvumela ukudala izimo eziphantse ezitshatyalaliswayo, oku kuthetha ukuphakamisa amakhiwane kuphela, kodwa ne-garnet, i-laurel kunye ne-mandarin.