Alexander Afanasyev nemisebenzi yakhe

Ziziphi iincwadi ukufunda phantse ukusuka film? Kakade ke, amabali. Lo amabali yokuqala, apho baxelele abazali ukuba abantwana babo. Kwezi, siya ukucatshulwa izifundo zokuqala: elungileyo yomelele embi, isoloko iyandoyisa. Kwaye nangona indlela ngamanye amaxesha nelogok, kodwa aninako izakunikezela kwaye ukukholelwa bona kunye namandla awo. Wezilumko, nentsomi elungileyo - lilizwe enkulu luvula umntwana ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobomi.

Akufundayo ukucinga, ukwahlula okulungileyo kokubi, ukuvavanya izenzo zabalinganiswa nentsomi. Tales zokulungiselela umntwana ubomi abadala, bafundiswa indlela ukuziphatha kweli hlabathi enkulu. Xa kufikwa apho sentsomi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula Enkulu "bali-mathamsanqa" - Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev, kuba siya kuba ngaphandle kwaye abazange baqaphele nayiphi "umnqathe" okanye "Iinkuku Ryaba" okanye "Bun".

career

Afanasev Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1826-1871) wazalwa kummandla Voronezh, isixeko Boguchar. UYise waba wommeli kwaye ngoko bazama ukunika abantwana babo imfundo elungileyo. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo Voronezh Afanasiev wathumela eMoscow, apho wangena eyunivesithi. Emva kokuphumelela, ufundisa iincwadi kunye nembali Russian, yaye kamva ngonyaka wangena inkonzo kwindawo yogcino.

Mhlawumbi iminyaka umsebenzi yogcino yaba echumayo kakhulu intlonelo yoyilo. Apho wadibana kwinani lwamaxwebhu zexabiso zembali, kodwa ingafikeleleki ukuya kwisininzi. Afanasiev ipapasha phephancwadi "Amanqaku lombhalo," waza wabona izinto ukukhanya ezinxulumene nomsebenzi odumileyo Russian iinkcuba, ababhali kunye ziimbongi. Alexander Afanasyev wabhala kakhulu, isebenza ngumphandi intatheli. Enye iimpapasho ezimbalwa le minyaka:

• "N. Novikov. "
• "Kurhwebo ncwadi Russian."
• "EKhwencayo Cantemir".
• "Le polemics zoncwadi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela."

Into ayikwazanga ipapashwe eRashiya, waye ngenqanawa phesheya waza wabonakala eLondon kwi anthology "Polar Star", omnye wabavakalisi baso revolution Russian A. I. Gertsen. Ngowe-1862, Afanasyeva wokugxothwa enkonzweni, ityala ngokunxulumene ze London. Alexander Afanasyev ngaphandle kwingqesho esisigxina wayeminyaka embalwa, yaye ngowe-1865 wangena Duma Assistant nguNobhala, ihamba kwisikhundla sokuba ngunobhala kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Umbhali Great wafa eneminyaka engama-45 sephepha.

yomlando

Umthandi olukhulu yamandulo, Afanasiev liphonononga yonke into enxulumene kwimbali Russia, uthatha kwi incwadi endala ngesandla. Enakho imisebenzi emininzi eyayinikelwe imbali Russia, wapapasha nabo kulindixesha "Contemporary" ( "Farm State phantsi uPetros Enkulu", "Pskov Ukugweba Charter" kunye nabanye.). Abhale izimvo zoncwadi ngokwezembali kopapasho "Society of History and Antiquities" eyunivesithi. Ngaba "i Society of Lovers Zeencwadi", liphonononga mpepha, uthetha kwaye ipapashe amanqaku malunga ngokudalwa amagama amatsha yabantu. Iimeko ezininzi kakhulu kwaye ezibi kuba Afanasiev wagqiba yapapashwa umsebenzi enkulu ebomini bakhe - ". Izimvo zemibongo malunga nohlobo nokuxubana"

imisebenzi zoncwadi

Ukususela ngo-1850, Alexander Afanasiev ivulwa ngokupheleleyo uphando olunxulumene lwemveli, intsomi kunye ezizwe yabantu. izifundo zakhe zexabiso elikhulu. Osinikayo elidlulileyo zikude, imvelaphi ulwimi mihla. Izisa kwinginginya ezibanzi zamandulo izithethe, iinkolelo, uncwadi lwemveli kunye nezafobe iincwadi Slavic. Ngelo xesha, eyapapashwa iincwadi ezininzi, amanqaku angaphezu kwama-60, kuquka:

• "Indlu Uyisemkhulu" isifundo kwi kwiintsomi.
• "Sage kunye Witch."
• "Zoomorphic nezithixo i nokuxubana."
• "A Amazwi ambalwa malunga ngolwalamano kolwimi kunye neenkolelo womthonyama."
• "Namasiko Yobuhedeni kwisiqithi Buyan".
• "Iimagazini Russian satirical 1769-1774 gg.".

Kwiintsomi Russian

Kwi yinzondelelo Afanasyev wabhala Iintsomi Umphengululi Russian kunye ethnographer Pypin A. N. Xa ngokutsha yokuqala yePhetshana leeNdaba ze iintsomi, waphawula ukuba uthelekiso mibala fairytale Afanasiev kunye label yimpumelelo kakhulu. Sekunjalo, ngoko nangoko ukuba ndinyeliswe ngenxa into umbhali uzama ukunika iziganeko zincinane ingcaciso bangafi. Chernyshevsky NG waveza lento phandle, kodwa wongezelela ukuba akavumelani kunye neengcaciso Afanasyev.

nabagxeki ezininzi of Alexander Afanasyev wathi neentsomi - inzululwazi efanayo, kuphela ungenza-ukudala kwakhona umfanekiso opheleleyo Ngemihla yakudala xa iinkcukacha encinane ufundwa. Wathi lo amavo, iintsomi, neentsomi na alohlukaniswa kwimbali yesizwe. yamabali amaninzi ahlangene ngandlel kunye nesenzeko endalo, kungekho ngcaciso, kwakhona eqinisekisa ingqiqo yayo ngentsomi. Ukungaqondi abahlalutyi nangexabiso lomsebenzi wophando yakhe kwiintsomi enzululwazi abanamava Afanasyev buhlungu.

Ingqokelela yokuqala iintsomi

Afanasyev edition of iintsomi kwezo meko - uhlobo lwe feat. Wabhala incwadi eya kumhleli we "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo" kwaye icela ukuba le magazini iintsomi. Uyasichazela umzekelo Brothers Grimm, nto leyo izinto ezibalulekileyo ufanelwe umdla. Kodwa akabonakalanga imathiriyeli kulindixesha kwaye umthamo, ngelo xesha ilifa Afanasiev, kude lagqithisa ikhono le magazini.

Ngowe-1952, uMbutho Geographical Russian uthumela Afanasyev ukuqokelelwa zamaqhawe, owaba nakwindawo zokugcina zakhe. Xa ixesha kulahlwe umbhali kuye malunga 1000 iintsomi ekubhekiselwe kuyo Dalem V. I. Zombini izinto kufuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo, njengoko wahlanganisa ngabantu ezahlukeneyo, kunye nomgangatho nokurekhodwa ezahlukeneyo, kunye nesimbo. Ngowe-1855 wapapasha uhlelo lokuqala "iintsomi Russian."

namabali Out Aleksandra afanaseva Iincwadi ezininzi. Bebonke imiba ezisibhozo zaye zabandakanywa izinto ezingaphezulu kwama-600. Wakhetha ukupapasha iintsomi abantwana abaninzi umdla wakhe. Kwaba ngoko ukuba abafundi wadibana yokuqala Koshcheev kunye Baba Yaga, lwafunda Firebird kunye Kolobok weva malunga Small Palace noMariya Morevna. Le yeyona inkulu ngexesha ukuqokelelwa iintsomi ehlabathini.

ngezigaba iintsomi

Xa nokulungiswa kwezinto Afanasiev ngakumbi bacinge baze bathi oko. Yena basasaza iintsomi ngaphakathi kwizahlulo: nemiqulu yamabali, wasentsomini, irhamncwa wentsomi, amabali amagqwirha kunye nezidumbu, Iintsomi zasekhaya kunye ezihlekisayo. Iintsomi zezilwanyana, ntle kunye ngomlingo-fi: Kamva, emva kokufa kwakhe, eziliqela zokuhlela lula. Kodwa ke kusekelwe kumgaqo owadala Alexander Afanasyev.

Iincwadi ayikwazanga kunokubangela ukunganeliseki abefundisi kunye nabasemagunyeni. Yokuhlolwa zinqanda ngamandla umsebenzi Afanasiev. Ngelo xesha e Geneva likhuphe ingqokelela "Tales igugu" enxibe antichurch nesimilo antibarsky. ingqokelela Publishing Afanasyeva - isiganeko enkulu kubomi bentlalo kunye nezobunzululwazi Russia. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, abahlalutyi abaninzi abadumileyo nabagxeki zoncwadi ixesha babekunye ncomo.

namabali enga Afanasyev

Ngaphandle iintsomi zabantwana, Afanasyev kokwabo ingqokelela amabali abantu abadala, wakhululwa eGeneva. "Iintsomi Russian hayi upapasho" Ukuqokelelwa "Iintsomi, amabali kunye imizekeliso" nayo umlomo eRashiya kwaye ishicilelwe amazwe. Abasemagunyeni baye babona bejonge umxholo zayo iingcinga eziyingozi. Oku kuquka iitekisi nokubawa, baziziyatha, uMtyholi, izilwanyana wasentsomini nakoomoya abakhohlakeleyo. ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokubhekiselele ilifa lokomoya yingqokelela yabantu.

Ngexesha iminyaka imingcele intshutshiso. ingqokelela emininzi phantsi amagama ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, iintsomi kunye nomxholo inkanuko epapashwe phantsi kwesihloko: "uBhileham. Unyaka obscurantism. " Le ncwadi uye wavalwa ixesha elide. ERashiya, yeza okokuqala ngo-1997. A ungumqokeleli adumileyo lwemveli bobabo iincwadi ezininzi ezipapashwe kule langoku.

Ngoko ke, ukuba basoloko bexakaniseka kunye nomsebenzi ababephila wethu, owabhala incwadi ethi "ummandla eyosulelekileyo". Alexander Afanasyev - umbhali owayephila ngexesha bebhala namabutho uhlobo. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe akukho ndlela ezinxulumene ne zamaqhawe le nobizo enkulu, ngubani wazahlulela ukuqokelela uncwadi lwemveli. ukuqokelelwa Zizonke afanaseva Aleksandra Nikolaevicha malunga namawaka amabini daba. Wangena imbali inkcubeko Russian njengoko ngumvakalisi wokuqala ingqokelela iintsomi.