Agcina - kuba yinxalenye yenkcubeko yenkolo

Kuluntu mihla, ingxaki ukukhetha isekhona nesizathu imbambano. Agcina - ke uyalahlwa abazi abantu kunqulo, nto leyo yamkelwa ngokusesikweni kuluntu. Ekuqaleni le ngcamango bengenayo negative lobuqu, intsingiselo xa kuguqulelwa ngokusuka kwisiGrike, "ukuba", "ulwalathiso". Kodwa ngexesha iTestamente Entsha imibala kuye ezimbi kakhulu. Ezi meko zinje sele isuke ziimeko zehlabathi kunye nendima ebalulekileyo ibandla lwaseburhulumenteni, waba ngokomoya nje kuphela kodwa namandla zexeshana.

Izinto ezibangela amahlelo

Ingxaki ngenene eyahlula amakholwa icawa yaqala ukuvela ngenkulungwane XI, yabonakala imbonakalo iimfundiso Western eYurophu zikhabanayo yamaKatolika iCawa. imithambo ezinjalo ziyafuneka ukuphelisa kakubi ecaweni enye. Ukuqalisa ukususela ngenkulungwane XV, oko benza Kwamacala. Ngoku siyazi abaninzi lamangqina, amaxhoba alo mbutho enogonyamelo. Oonobangela amahlelo kulala zilandelayo:

1. Ukukhula kwezixeko.

2. Ukwabiwa abemi kwiklasi ekhethekileyo.

3. Acute ukulwa izinduna kunye akhonze.

ndlela yokuqala

Kugquba imbuka eYurophu waqala nje ezo mazwe, uninzi nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ebomini esixekweni. Ezi ziquka France, Italy, eJamani, eHolani. Yintoni qhekeko wokuqala ephakathi? Okokuqala, bengengabo amaqela ahlukeneyo kakhulu mbutho. Ngoko ke, esikhova edume elo thuba ze-. Ahlukana icawa ekuthiwa qhekeko lwe Cathars. nezidubula yabo ngequbuliso, mhlawumbi, iye yahlanganiswa kunye Crusaders. Iinzululwazi ekuqaleni wabonakala eMpuma, apho kwabe zilinywa baseYurophu. Ze- wayesithi zonke ngeenxa zonke kuye ububi, kufuneka kushiywa kuzo. Ngoko, bamphendula bathi ngendlela uyazidela yobomi, apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba balahle zonke izinto. Kubo imbuka - ukuba nje ukufundisa, kodwa yokuphila.

Ezi ezingafani nangoko qaphela i-mbini, i-mbini: kusoloko kukho usukuzwano phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, ubomi nokufa, ubuhlwempu kunye nobutyebi. Noko ke, nangona umnqweno imali-grubbing, sisekela ukuqhuba le ngcamango, kuphela iintloko zokufundisa. Ukongeza abakumgangatho ophakathi, exhaswa Cathars kunye neenkosi izityebi feudal ngubani ekwabelwana ingcamango secularization zamazwe zecawa. Xa albigoets sifikelele ekupheleni ebomini, wenza isiko lokuhlanjululwa, emva koko yaba "egqibeleleyo".

KwamaWaldo imfundiso yabo

Agcina - ke ukuvela iindlela ezintsha elunqulweni. Ngoko ke, lo qhekeko izibongo laba sisibetho ngokwenene uluntu kwenkulungwane XII. Kufunyenwe igama layo ngenxa yegama zabarhwebi, ngubani na okunike zonke izinto zawo kumahlwempu. Efuna imbuya, le mfundiso iye uthandwa kangaka phakathi nje, awayidalayo iingxaki emikhulu ibandla esemthethweni. I Waldensians balwa ukungalingani kunye kokusesikweni ebomini, ezinxulumene ngokuyintloko nobudenge le izinduna. Ekuqaleni abalandeli le mfundiso ebizwa amahlwempu eLyons, nangona bathe saa kulo lonke kumazantsi eFransi naseJamani.

Agcina kwi ukholo lwamaKristu

UbuKristu - enye amadama esikhulu theism. Ngoko ke, inani nobanda ezahlukeneyo kulo kwaba kwaye iya kuba inkulu. qhekeko christian lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela. Amasebe inkulu zithathwa Emnye, Christological kunye Gnostic.

qhekeko Gnostic yaba imbono ihlabathi liphela, nto leyo yayisekelwe inkolelo waphezulu womntu, umthendeleko ulwalamano lwakhe noThixo. imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye ngokusekelwe ukufiphala eqhelekileyo nangengqiqo iphela othembekileyo kaBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele. Ngokomzekelo, wazama ukuba iqulunqe ngoncedo imfundiso "iilogo dialectical" yamaGrike amandulo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukudideka ngakumbi. qhekeko Christological, kwelinye icala, kuchaphazela kuphela indawo kukaYesu Kristu inkqubo amabali zeBhayibhile.

Ezinxaxhileyo e Orthodox

I-Orthodox Church ayikhange bayicezele isenzeko njengomwexuki. Ikakhulu ukuba ayinabantu Strigolniki kunye zamaYuda. Strigolniki uvele Pskov ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu. Bona baphikelela ukupheliswa zokucenga phakathi vange kwaye wagxeka ngokupheleleyo sabaphathi mhaka. Ngenxa yoko, baye bahlukaniswa kwiCawa yobuOthodoki esemthethweni, kuba abafuni ukubona ootitshala zabo nabaveleli nabefundisi ababambeleyo. Ndingaveleli, yaye ukuya etempileni. It ithatha ingqokelela yayo, ukususela umgaqo sokubambela ekuhlaleni, apho uMdala ekhethiweyo.

Agcina bantu babesima ekuqaleni wavakalisa igama okudityanelweyo nobanda ezahlukeneyo Orthodox. Kamva, kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo, ukuba wafumana ingcaciso ngqo ngakumbi, ibhekisela abalandeli kc r jja kunye "yeSabatha". Lwakutsha nje ingqalelo oluchanekileyo kuphela kwiTestamente eNdala yaye ukufika okulindelekileyo umsindisi ubomi zonke imisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, imbuka - eli gama ezininzi kakhulu oluquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinkolelo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko liya ilungiswe, kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, abe yinxalenye kwibhoyila imibono omkhulu.