Umthetho imfundo federal kwi Russian Federation: amanqaku, umxholo kunye nezimvo

UMthetho weMfundo kule Russian Federation - Umthetho 273, wegqitha nguRhulumente Duma ngomhla wama-21 Disemba 2012, uMthetho ngokupheleleyo imfundo kweli lizwe lethu. Kuba iintloko zamaziko emfundo, olu xwebhu incwadi yesalathiso, uhlobo kweBhayibhile, ekufuneka ukuba ukwazi yaye zilandele ngqo onke amalungiselelo. Kunqweneleka ukuba bobabini abazali kunye nabafundi bamaziko emfundo ahlukeneyo nabo baba siqhelane nezibonelelo ezisisiseko ze Mthetho.

Ngelishwa, kwinqaku elinye akunakwenzeka ukuba ndenze iinkcukacha yonke uMthetho, yayo yonke ingongoma. Siza kucalula isitshixo, amalungiselelo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba akwazi ukunceda abathengi abaninzi kweenkonzo zemfundo, t. To. I-Federal uMthetho "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" lisetyenziswa eziguqulweyo, izikolo, iikholeji, iiyunivesithi, kunye nabanye.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Imfundo - inkqubo enye ngenjongo ndikhuliswe kunye nemfundo bomntu, wokuhlangana kolwazi ababeyiqwebile, izakhono, amava, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, isimo. Injongo - ukuyilwa lommi aphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo kunye nophuhliso aphezulu ngokwasengqondweni, emzimbeni, yenkcubeko, ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha.

Kuyinto yimpazamo ukukholelwa ukuba imfundo kuphela ulwazi. Apha sisebenza kunye amagama ezingachanekanga.

Imfundo - ukuzuza ngenjongo ulwazi kunye nezakhono.

Imfundo - inkqubo ejoliswe ekukhuleni ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha umntu, ngenxa nje yokuba ekufuneka kwenzeke uphuhliso lwemithetho kunye nemigangatho efanayo.

Imfundo ibandakanya uqeqesho (ekufunyanweni kolunye ulwazi kunye nezakhono), imfundo (uphuhliso kwemigangatho aqhelekileyo), kunye nophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni.

Mfundisi: ingqiqo, iimfuno emfundo

ngumsebenzi Ukufundisa - umntu owenza inkqubo yemfundo. Yena uqeshwe umbutho yemfundo yenza imisebenzi ethile ukuze afumane umvuzo. Phambi FZ uMthetho "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" esamkelwa, wayengekho kwinqanaba yowiso naziphi izithintelo ngokuthatha malunga nendawo ngutitshala esikolweni, omnye utitshala abancinane. Esikolweni, kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo ukubona utitshala umntu, ngubani yena wasinda wayigqiba ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Xa ingekho abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, imivuzo ephantsi yootitshala, bambalwa abantu wahamba kwiiyunivesithi zokufundisa. Ukongeza kule ngxaki ipesenti esezantsi gqitha yabafundi be izidanga abaye bagqiba ukunxibelelanisa ubomi babo kunye namaziko emfundo.

Namhlanje le meko yahluke: umthetho "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" umisela ukungavunyelwa ukuba benze imisebenzi ukufundisa abantu abangenazo iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo. In Art. 46 lomThetho libonelela ngokucacileyo ukuba ilungelo lokuba imfundo umqeshwa ngumntu ogqibe eziziisekondari ezikhethekileyo iziko lemfundo okanye ngaphezulu. Imfundo iyodwa ayanelanga. Kuya kuba yimfuneko kwakhona ukuba aphumelele ezikhethiweyo "Pedagogy" ezongezelelweyo, ukuba eyunivesithi okanye neekholeji hayi bafundisa sicelo.

Uxwebhu imfundo

UMthetho "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" ibandakanya kunikezelo amaxwebhu axhasayo (isatifikethi, idiploma) ngenxa elingaphesheya manqanaba alandelayo wemfundo:

1. jikelele Basic.
2. Ukuthini iyonke.
3. yezandla Initial.
4. Phakathi professional.
5. WeMfundo ePhakamileyo - bachelor.
6. imfundo ephakamileyo - amakhono.
7. WeMfundo ePhakamileyo - Masters.

Inkqubo yemfundo

UMthetho "Kwi kwezeMfundo Russian Federation" (oko uguqulelo oludlulileyo) iqulethe kuluhlu iinkalo eziphambili kwinkqubo enye wemfundo:

1. I federal imigangatho karhulumente kunye nemimiselo - na amaxwebhu olumisiweyo ezidingekayo ukuphumeza imisebenzi yemfundo yezikolo, amaziko, iikholeji, njl Akukhathaliseki ubume bombutho yemfundo :. Commercial, karhulumente, breech - ukuba ngaba ilayisenisi ukukhupha amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, kunyanzelekileyo ukuba benze uqeqesho imigangatho-based.
2. Ukuphunyezwa nangoko wemfundo: amaziko emfundo, abasebenzi abangezotitshala, abafundi, abameli kwezomthetho.
3. La maqumrhu karhulumente federal, amaqumrhu karhulumente obonisa ulawulo. Indima ephambili bobabo i-Federal weNkonzo kaRhulumente for Supervision in Education (Rosobrnadzor). Kule mimandla, lo msebenzi wenziwa i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo kwimimandla. Bona esweni ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho karhulumente kumaziko emfundo.
4. Imibutho ngokubonelela imisebenzi yemfundo. Xa iindawo mali ngemali kwezikolo ababandakanyekayo iikomiti zengingqi. Kwakhona ukuqhuba imisebenzi yovavanyo kummandla ophantsi kolawulo zonke izikolo.
5. Associations abantu bendalo okanye zomthetho inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemfundo. Umzekelo okuphawuleka manyano lootitshala.

Iinjongo zale migangatho urhulumente wezwe

Federal uMthetho "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" indawo ephambili anikwa imigangatho urhulumente wezwe. Ukuba le misebenzi ilandelayo:

1. Umanyano wemfundo. Kulo kulandela ukuba kulo lonke elo lizwe, abafundi bafumana umgangatho efanayo lemfundo, nto leyo ethetha ukulingana ithuba.
2. Phambili. Nangona sophuhliso sesizwe kunye nokuguqulwa yenkqubo yemfundo, intshayelelo imigangatho emitsha kunye neemfuneko, injongo ephambili - ukuya phambili. ngonyaka ngamnye ayikwazi ngokupheleleyo le nkqubo iyonke ngenxa yenzuzo kwezopolitiko okanye yoqoqosho lwexesha elifutshane.
3. Ukwahluka. Nangona ubunye yemfundo ngokubanzi, umthetho phezu kwimfundo eRashiya ephelisa sikhokelo ngqwabalala owayenguzwilakhe umanyano xa ifunyenwe. Kuxhomekeka amandla, umnqweno, ixesha, ukudala iinketho ezahlukeneyo ekufezekiseni imisebenzi ethile.
4. Alunakuqinisekiswa. Oku kulandela ukuba urhulumente elawula ubunye emfundo kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Ngaba ukufunda ekhaya! iintlobo zoqeqesho

Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso umntu eSoviet, kodwa uMthetho Federal "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" ibonelela uqeqesho nje kuphela kumaziko emfundo. Inqaku le-17 udwelisa iintlobo eyamkelekileyo wemfundo:

1. Kwifomu yemveli - kumaziko emfundo ezikhethekileyo.
2. Xa enye indlela - ke amaziko emfundo ezikhethekileyo.

Le fom yemveli yahlulwe:

1. Bexesha elizeleyo.
2. Imbalelwano.
3. Part-time.

Ukufunda ngembalelwano ifumana abantu kule mihla. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-information technology luye lwenzeka ngokwenene ukutyelela iimyuziyam, zemiboniso, imiboniso ezinqabileyo kwelinye icala lehlabathi ngaphandle kokushiya ekhaya. nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano liye langena noqeqesho.

UMthetho "Kwi kwezeMfundo Russian Federation" - umthetho omtsha. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ayikhuphi imfundo kumgama njengecandelo eyahlukileyo. Le Umfundi ekhaya ukulungiselela ukuba ishedyuli ngamnye, uphulaphula iintetho ukude, kusetyenziswa amajelo onxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, imfundo umgama bobabo kudidi ukufunda ngembalelwano.

uhlobo lwesigwebo

Umntwana ubathumele namhlanje esikolweni ukufumana idiploma kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. UMthetho "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" ikuvumela ukuba kungenzeka enjalo. Ukongeza, urhulumente yabela imali kwezinye iindlela imfundo kumntwana ngamnye.

iintlobo

Ukufumana isiqinisekiso ngaphandle isikolo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini:

1. imfundo Family.
2. -Imfundo Self.

imfundo Family kubandakanya ukufunda umsebenzi amalungiselelo intsapho. Kungenxa uhlobo olufanayo urhulumente ahlawule imbuyekezo. Kakade ke, isikolo ibuhlungu kakhulu abasabela ngayo. Oku kuyaqondakala: akukho mntu ufuna ngaphandle ukuhlawulwa. inkqubo yezeejaji ibonisa ukuba zikho ngokupheleleyo kwicala lwabazali. Umyinge wembuyekezo ngamnye umfundi oluphakathi kunye nolawulo aphezulu malunga 10 lamawaka. Engange.

Ingxaki kokusebenza kwabantwana ukutsala njengabacoci

Esemsebenzini esikolweni - isiko unawo ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo eSoviet nathi. Abazali abaninzi unangoku ubona ingxaki xa ngodade abantwana phantsi luxanduva lwesikolo. Noko ke, Inqaku 34 lomThetho Ubonelela ngokucacileyo ukuba imvume yabazali ukuba bandakanyo lwabantwana njengabasebenzi. Iiklasi mandatory kwiteknoloji kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi. It is on aba bafundi ngokusemthethweni, ngokungqinelana neenkqubo zikarhulumente federal kufuneka beze ukusebenza: ukuthunga, ukupheka, ngamaplanga. Yonke enye into - kuphela isicelo yabazali.

iziphumo

Ngoko ke, lo mthetho oluphambili olawula kwinkalo yemfundo, - Federal uMthetho ". Kwi kwezeMfundo Russian Federation" amanqaku akhe siqulathe inkcazelo lombutho inkqubo nezakhono zemfundo mandla zengingqi kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zemfundo, imigaqo isatifikethi sokugqibela kunye nabanye. Le miba ezininzi umdla yalo mthetho hi dyondzeke hakona eka xihloko lexi.