Abantu Northern nenkcubeko yabo

Ngaphambili, zesayensi ekuthini iintlanga 45 ezahlukeneyo abahlala kwimozulu embi le North. Baya bahlala ngokwamaqela amancinane, ngamnye ulwimi lwalo, izithethe kunye neenkolelo zonqulo.

Ngoobani na iintlanga emantla?

Le mbono "kwizizwana North" liya exutywe ne elithi "bambalwa". Ngokutsho kwamanani asemthethweni, aba ngabo, inani labameli apho musa ukudlula umbundu abantu-50 000. Noko ke, ukuba zintlu iya kuba nako ukufumana ngabo nangoku ziye lidlule eli nani, kodwa bahlala North, bambekayo izithethe zamandulo wookhokho babo, ngokunjalo bathi le nkolo enye. Kwimeko xa siqwalasela kwizizwe i Far North kuphela amanani amancinane, kukulahlwa phandle kuluhlu lwe Komi, Karelia kunye Yakuts. Le iqela enkulu kangangoko.

igunya lomthetho

Ngowe-1995, okokuqala wabonakala uluhlu ngocwangco ngaphezulu kwamaqela eentlanga kunye nezizwe North, lowo kuphela abahlala kweli yingxenye Russia, kodwa ukugcina amasiko nenkcubeko kunye nendlu. Oku kuquka ne Komi kunye Yakuts, ngubani ukuzalela adle. Bonke abahlala kwiindawo ezincinane localized, imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ziyinxalenye amaqela amakhulu ngokobuzwe. Abaphandi njalo sithetha ngabantu wasentla, eSiberia, ekubeni amazwe omiweyo ngamaqela amancinane baseRashiya.

Ngowe-1999, i yesizwe ekhethekileyo inkcazelo eyongezelelweyo elinikiweyo. abantu Northern wabona abo bahlala nommandla wayo, apho kanye izinziswe ookhokho babo, ukuba ulwimi lwabo, ukugcina isithethe usebenzise iintlobo ezifanayo zokutya kunye nabantu abambalwa amahlanu amawaka. Enyanisweni, izazinzulu uyisusile 30% ye wamaqela eentlanga.

Ngo-2000, okokuqala zonke iintlanga le North kufakwa uxwebhu olusesikweni. Uluhlu amaqela 45 adumileyo kunye namhlanje yobuhlanga. Ngamnye kubo abahlala nommandla wayo, inxaxheba kushishino ezithile, yaye adibane nabanye abemi Russian Federation, njengoko umthetho, nge zorhwebo. Ngaloo ndlela iimpawu zenkcubeko zabo zigcinwa kwaye ezosulela izinyanya ubutyebi.

Phantse elinesixhenxe zonke ezi akukho ngaphezulu kwe-1,500 abantu ngezithako zawo.

abantu Northern ke kakhulu zinxulumene ngenyameko bume. Bazama ukuba bagqwese emaphandleni ajikelezileyo, isenza umonakalo ezincinci.

Abaninzi kubo ukutshintsha ezihlala, kodwa kwangaxeshanye batshintsha bume yobuhlanga babo indlela yembali.

Iholo

Kangangexesha elide abantu North ziyasebenzisana kuphela omnye komnye. Banika imveliso abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye uthabathe enye aludingayo. Me nezinto zokusetyenziswa ngemihla, kwakunye izichumisi ezahlukeneyo, izimbiwa kunye njalo njalo.

Kumaxesha amandulo, badlula enye, nokuba lenyengane, ukusuka apho ukudala izixhobo zokuzingela.

Iindidi eziphambili lokuloba ukuze uninzi aba bantu:

• adle;
• zokuloba;
• ukuhlangana;
• ukulima.

Uninzi inkqubo yokufudukela ngamaxesha, apho okuthile wokuzingela azenzileyo okanye urhwebo kunye nabanye abemi kula mazwe.

Le Ukufuduka enkulu

abantu Northern zatshintshwa kakhulu emva kweminyaka 10,000 eyadlulayo, zomkhenkce baqalisa ukunyibilika. Ebudeni bale nxalenye lo mkhuba amaqela ezizwe yobulali babehlala kumbindi okanye Kumazantsi eli lizwe, ufuduka ukuya kwimimandla esemantla.

Bangakwazi siphawulwe ngala maqela iilwimi :

• Evens, Dolgan, Evenki, kunye nezinye izizwe ezininzi Far North na iqela zamaTurkic kunye Tungus-Manchurian;
• Nenets, Nganasan, Selkup kunye Enets lilungu kweelwimi zoluntu Samoyed;
• Yukagirs ku Paleosiberian, edibanisa konke oko wamngenisa inkcubeko yabo kwizizwe North kunye East Ekude;
• Khanty, Mansi kunye Sami kwiqela eyahlukileyo iilwimi Finno-Ugric.

mizobo Yukagir umqolomba eziye zafunyanwa Ezintabeni Angara. Kwaye ngoku bonke bahlala kwinxalenye esemantla eRashiya. Abaninzi yaphelela Arctic.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye nditshintshile ulwimi, nkqu ukubonakala mbuya. umzimba yabo apha naphaya ukuze ukudlulisela iqabaka enganyangekiyo.

Nenkcubeko yabantu of the North

Inkcubeko iqela ngalinye uhlanga wahlukile kwaye nanto. Nangona amanani amancinane, abemi lobuhlanga bafunda iilwimi izinyanya, ukugcina amasiko nenkcubeko.

lwesigodi nganye, oluthethwa omnye okanye elinye iqela uhlanga yohlulwe zenyathi eziliqela ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, kukho kufuneka Chukchee malunga ezintlanu iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo. Ngamnye leyo uphawu kwindawo ethile apho ahlala.

uncwadi lwemveli

Abantu Indigenous ukulondoloza ngenyameko iintsomi yamandulo enayinikelwayo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. legends zabo zijongwe into yenkcubeko ekhethekileyo. Abaphandi abhalwe nangoku zonke izifundo izizwe kumntla uyixoxe amabali. Ngoncedo kubo uyakwazi ukuqonda oko iinkqubo kwenzeka na aba bantu kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi.

iiholide Traditional waphawula kunyaka ngamnye kuyo yonke imbali wesizwe, ezinye wazivelela. izithethe Ukucula, umculo, umdaniso - bonke bephela isagciniwe nangoku koluntu lwesiphaluka.

zokuphila ngokwenyama

Uyilo ngqo iimpahla asisimanga yokungcola ngamnye abantu. Kwakhona, ngokufuthi iimpahla bemveli northerners kuvela izicaphulo ubomi womfanekiso wabo wooyise. Uyakwazi ukubona mibala amanzi phezu iilokhwe zabo iintlanga ukuba bekwi ekulobeni njenge lokuloba enkulu. Images kuvela abelusi deer adle.

Nganye kwezi iintlanga uphawuleka izindlu zalo kwakhiwa ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuhlala, iimeko zomsebenzi. izizwe amadlelo ngokuqhelekileyo nkqo izakhiwo yethutyana ukuba kube lula zezikhali yintoni kufuneka ukuba ukufudukela kwenye indawo.

Ke ukuba ukudla, ngoko ke abantu North usafuna ugcinwe ngendlela esilwazingalo ukulondoloza ukutya - uzomisa. Oku kukuvumela ukuba indawo ifriji njengesiqhelo. Umzekelo, inyama yokomisa ixhama, intlanzi, iindidi namaqunube, amakhowa, namayeza eengcambu eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi North Russia.

Ngokusisiseko, abameli ezi iintlanga bazibandakanya ukutya okukrwada. Abayi uyipheke inyama okanye amaqunube, imifuno okanye intlanzi, wakhetha ukuba badle ikrwada. Ngokwendalo, oku kuyenzeka kuba neze ubushushu ngasentla zero.

inkolo

Kumantla eRashiya akazange zamaKristu okanye Muslim, okanye nabani na ongomnye. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba kuthe kwasala iinkolelo kwakudala. Kubangel 'umdla gqitha oosonzululwazi kunye nezenkolo. Umelo yabantu balapha ukuba yahluke kakhulu kuleyo kwezinye iintlanga.

Kunjalo yaqhutywa iishaman eliphezulu nokuzixabisa. Aba bantu abathandekayo imijelo phakathi ihlabathi lomoya kunye nokusingqongileyo yabantu. Benza njengoko iisayikholojisti, oogqirha kunye nootitshala zonqulo.

Ngokutsho abantu bomthonyama, indalo - a esiphilayo. Yonke unomphefumlo kwaye iyakwazi zombini uncedo kunye nomonakalo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba zonke izizwe North asimoyikanga oomoya ezilwanyana, amahlathi, iintaba kunye nezityalo. Ayifanele intlonelo ekhethekileyo izinyanya. Ngokuhlonipha, ukuba qiniseka ukuba izihlobo zabo. Ukongeza, ukuba sigcine onke amava ezifunyenwe uhlanga ngexesha ikho.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo nemimoya wasentla akunanto yakwenza nesiko Indiya. Ukuba umfuziselo, kuya kuba kufutshane voodoo eloyikekayo. Kodwa ke, ngokungafaniyo le yokugqibela, aweve basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo entle kakhulu.

ulwazi zembali

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba nelaye lasisiseko labemi hlabathi eMesopotamiya kunye nemeko leyo Sumerians. Kukholelwa ukuba uluntu yavela e eYiputa. Mhlawumbi abantu bokuqala baqalisa ukuhlola China okanye India. Noko ke, kanye oku abathi akukho mntu akakwazi.

Kodwa kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba iRussia kwakhona uthi ubume enye ithi endala. babehlala abantu Northern apha kwiminyaka 9000 eyadlulayo. Kunokuba wafumana izixhobo kunye izinto zemihla ngemihla ukuvumela ukuba sithethe ngalo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubungqina umakhulu kodwa esinokuzifumana.

Of umdla ngokumalunga nalo mba Yukaghirs. Olu hlanga ithathwa ukuba kakhulu, neengcambu zawo ukuze aye bangafi Hyperboreans. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, kufuneka ithathwe lusungulo Chukchi, njengokuba indlela yabo yokuphila udalelwe ukuba Arctic. Ukongeza, ukuba kude phambili kwezinye izizwe kwinqanaba zobugcisa.

Ukuba sithethe malunga bambalwa mncinane le North - na iimbiza. Eli qela uhlanga kwasekwa kuphela kwinkulungwane ye-19, xa tsars Russian waqalisa ukuhlola ngokubonakalayo ilizwe Ussuriysk. Nokwenziwa beentlanga ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (Nanai, Udeghes, IsiTshayina), bazibona bodwa kuye kwakhokelela ukuvela iqela elitsha.