Detinets: oko kukuthi oko intsingiselo ebomini esixekweni yaye njani kule mihla?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, yintoni Detinets, kulula. I-Central, nxalenye ezinqatyisiweyo aloo mzi eRashiya yamandulo, kamva ngokuba yesicelo.

Detinets meaning

Evela encwadini yeembali ukususela 1097, lo gama lalibhekisela kakhulu kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela. Ngowe-1317, xa inkcazo kokwakhiwa saseTver waqala wathi igama elitsha kombindi wedolophu - incwadi yesicelo, ngokukhawuleza yaba ephawulekayo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuqonda into Detinets, waqalisa shwaka kubomi bemihla ngemihla shwaka ngokupheleleyo.

Defense umthelela lenqaba

karhulumente Old Russian, ibekwe endleleni "ukusuka Vikings kwawesiGrike amaYuda", ine i ummandla ubenomtsalane abaphangi abaninzi bezinye iintlanga. ukungavisisani lwangaphakathi isonjululwe nangenxa zomkhosi. Kwiindawo elo thuba ubukho amajoni amandla ukuziphendulela yokuhlala ngokwenene ibiyinto okuphila.

Eyona kunzima kakhulu kwindawo utshaba, eyamisa emijelweni entabeni, engqongwe iifolo kunye stockade eyenziwe ngomthi - a Detinets. Xa isakhiwo enjalo ingaba ube nexesha elide ukugcina ukuziphendulela, ezimele emva iindonga abemi abaninzi beso sixeko, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo.

Amakhwenkwe kunye ebuntwaneni wafundisa iziseko imfazwe, izixhobo ilifa, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lomsebenzi kwixesha elizayo. Ukukhusela iindawo zokuhlala, yaye kamva isixeko wavuka lonke ihlabathi.

akamsalisela Kwarhulumente

abamelwane Northern ebizwa ilizwe Russian "Gardariki", oko kukuthi ilizwe a lot of izixeko ezinqatyisiweyo, ikomkhulu yayo Veliky Novgorod.

Kwaye ngenene esi sixeko eninzi. Iyachithwa kwi fiefdoms, Russ wayengazi ukuba ulawulo olunye, ukuba rhoqo kwimo iimfazwe zamakhaya. Abathetheli kunye nenzala yabo ezininzi, wafumana ebukumkanini yelizwe, zakhiwe kwisixeko sakowabo yokuhlala nenqaba ukukhusela ilifa labo.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ndazakhela Detinets. Icacisa isikhundla salo ukuba basiyalele iimeko zendalo. indawo High kunye umlambo - iimfuno ezisisiseko imbonakalo yayo. Ukuba inqaba amandla inkulu kaThixo, abona bantu baninzi ababehlala nabakhulu abemi esisityebi. Abathetheli, nabakhulu abefundisi zakhiwe apha amagumbi zabo amabhotwe, ukuba ke bayabusa abakhonzi ezininzi.

Kodwa ke isixeko yavulekela iingcibi kunye nabathengisi, uManeki apha kufuna umsebenzi kunye nokhuseleko. Trade ubukhulu becala ecaleni lomlambo. Micinga lahlala phezu ngaphandle okanye ngaphandle neyodonga lomzi, kufutshane ngokwezabelo zabo.

Le dolophu wakhula ngeenxa zonke, elifumileyo indawo yonke yaseYiputa, uze emva koko aphume nangaphaya. Iziko lobomi basedolophini, kuzo zonke obubonakala, waba Detinets. Yintoni ebaluleke kwindawo amandla kunye nobutyebi, akumangalisi. Kunye izitrato zazo kunye kwindawo evenkileni, kwaba isixeko esixekweni.

Ukubaluleka yokomoya kwinqaba iShushan

Church in Detinets wakha ngaxeshanye iindonga. Ngoncedo lukaThixo yaye abemi Bamise umzi wabo, baza esoniwa. Njengoko zokuhlala ukwanda emhlabeni kwinqaba iShushan wamiswa kunye nezinye iicawa ezininzi, kodwa ibandla esi sixeko engundoqo wahlala omnye lowo ngaphakathi iindonga.

Ngakuye selilos abefundisi aphezulu umzi, ngomhla umhombiso yeetempile abazange nanceba imali. Kwaba apha ukuba inqaba liphezulu, leyo wakhonza zombini yinqaba ndikhangele kuYehova. Kwaye apha ukuba siyaya endaweni yokuthandaza aza kuhlaselwa yotshaba.

Novgorod yesicelo

I incwadi e Veliky Novgorod - ke incwadi yamandulo eRashiya, nto leyo kuvelelwa namhlanje. Wasindisa kuphela iindonga, ezinde kunye izakhiwo, nto leyo ke ezikhumbuzo zexabiso; kodwa igama layo lokuqala.

Kronike bathi ngo-1044 phezu komlambo Volkhov Yaroslavovich Prince Vladimir (unyana Yaroslava Mudrogo) baqalisa ukwakha Detinets. Yintoni na isakhiwo iya kuhlala kwindawo enye phantse iminyaka eliwaka, akukho namnye unako ngqondweni.

Emva konyaka, umsebenzi wokwakha waqalisa phezu Cathedral main Novgorod - Nozipho Church, leyo bamiselwe iminyaka esixhenxe. Stone Church, ipeyintwe isiqingatha senkulungwane emva kokwakhiwa, iye igcinwe inxalenye encinane esekelwe kwaye namhlanje. Ingxenye esemqoka womzobo - kwinkulungwane phambi lokugqibela. Namhlanje - a yecawa of Novgorod Metropolitan Church.

Detinets zomthi itshiswe kwaye yakhiwe kwakhona, kodwa iminyaka inkathazo wabasindisa kuye. Namhlanje siyakwazi ukubona ubude udonga lwamatye kweemitha 8-15; 9 ezinde 12; Episcopal (amaninzi) Chamber of kwinkulungwane XV; nezinye zesikhumbuzo yamandulo.

Indawo esembindini kwi yesicelo square lo ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya Millennium ka-Russia, eyibeka ngo1862.

Izakhiwo 1865 ithatha i Novgorod Museum Reserve, uninzi ukucacisa kunye nemiboniso ezo zivulelekile kwiindwendwe. Namhlanje, kukho ilayibrari lommandla lwenzululwazi, isikolo umculo, holo yekonsathi. Abemi bakholelwa ukuba loo ndawo ilungileyo Novgorod - i Detinets zabo ezifana nokuba kufutshane namaziko enkcubeko umzi kuphumela ekusindisweni iimpawu zembali yaye kwangaxeshanye iyenza lula ebantwini.

Imvelaphi elithi "Detinets"

Ukwazi kanye oko Detinets apho lesikhumbuzo walondoloza yamandulo eRashiya, yaye yintoni indawo elaliliphethe kubomi baloo dolophu kuthatha iwaka leminyaka eyadlulayo yaye namhlanje, ndifuna ukuqonda imvelaphi gama.

Ngokutsho "Wikipedia", izimvo kule into embalwa:

1. Metropolitan Eugene (Bolkhovitinov) ngo-1808 wacebisa ukuba ingcambu igama elifanayo "abantwana", apho ngelo xesha bayahlaselwa iintshaba ezimele emva kweendonga.

2. MH Aleshkovsky wayekholelwa ukuba okuvula amahle (ulutsha, abantwana), uhlala inqaba, wayinika igama. Iingcali aphikise ukuwachaza, besithi kwi Novgorod Detinets babehlala abefundisi kuphela, nabathetheli - kufuphi iSiganga.

3. F. Laskowski Qinisekisa ukuba igama livela "ukwenza 'isenzi. Xa ingozi ezimele emva kodonga, "intombi" bonke ubuncwane kakhulu ezixabisekileyo ukuya abantwana.

4. Ngokutsho academician ka Ioannina, imvelaphi igama ezinxulumene kunye nezokuqokelela kummandla omkhulu, namadoda amakhulu, kujongwe imiba ebalulekileyo.

Kuba iyazazi Novgorod detintsem kunokunganeli ngenye imini. Ukutyelela yoonongendi ezikufuphi, izitrato isixeko kunye ezinika, leyo osisityebi Veliky Novgorod, kufuneka ixesha elininzi kakhulu.