Zonke ciliates: hlobo, iklasi, isakhiwo neempawu

Enye abameli ezininzi ngokuqhelekileyo yaziwa kakuhle ke ciliary ciliate-Slipper. It uhlala ngokuqhelekileyo ukuma kwicala amanzi kwakunye amatsha iziziba uhlobo apho ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle ubuvila. Phakathi yokuhlala wayo compulsorily ezinamaphepha okubolileyo into ephilayo. Kufanelekile ukuba siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha zonke iinkalo kubomi beli izilwanyana ummeli.

abameli ciliated

протистов, включенных в группу Alveolata. Ciliated (ciliates) - uhlobo protists ifakiwe kwiqela Alveolata. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba phakathi kwabo kukho abameli neendlela ngeendlela: yafumana mobile, abamhlophe kanye wedwa. isakhiwo yomzimba zahlukahlukene kakhulu. характеризуется размерами тела, которые варьируются от 10 мкм до 4, 5 мм (это касается одиночных форм). nobukhulu Lubonakala uhlobo ciliates umzimba ukuba isukela microns-10 ukuya ku-4, 5 mm (oku kusebenza iifom single). Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, bahlala ubukhulu becala ezigcina amanzi endalo, kodwa nazo zifumaneka elwandle njengenxalenye benthos kunye ezincinane (ubuncinane - emhlabeni okanye ubulembu). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inxalenye enkulu ingqalelo enezityalo yi eziphila okanye ezidala ezinye izidalwa: intlanzi, annelids, izilwanyana, njalo-njalo. ) можно рассматривать в роли моделей организмов в отношении биологии на молекулярном уровне. Ukongeza, ciliates ezininzi (umzekelo woku uhlobo ciliate-izihlangu) zingathathwa ngokuba imifuziselo eziphilayo malunga eziphilayo kwinqanaba eziphilayo.

into ngendlela

, навазние которого происходит от слова «настойка» (в переводе с латинского языка). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ciliates - ukuchwetheza navaznie elivela kwigama "tincture" (eliguqulelwa ukusuka Latin). Oku kuchazwe into yokuba abameli lokuqala elula ngemo efunyenwe esintu tinctures kuqamba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uphuhliso olu hlobo sesiqalile ngokukhawuleza ukuze sizuze amandla. . Ngoko ke, namhlanje xa eziphilayo eyaziwayo malunga 6-7 amawaka lweentlobo equka uhlobo ciliates. Ukuthembela data 1980, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba uhlobo ingqalelo eliquka kwiiklasi yayo isakhiwo ezimbini: ciliates (superorder amathathu) sokufunxa kunye ciliates. Ngokuphathelele kule nkcazelo, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba ukwahluka eziphilayo na ngokubanzi kakhulu, oko kukuthi umdla wokwenene.

uhlobo Ciliates: Abameli

abameli abadumileyo yale hlobo zezona ciliate-balantidiums kunye ciliate-wezihlangu. iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezi izilwanyana camera pellicle isiliya, ezo zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha, ukhuselo ciliates ngamaqumrhu elijongene ngokukodwa trichocysts (ectoplasm zicwangciswe iqokobhe), kwaye ubukho esiseleni of eziba amabini (kwezityalo kunye okuzala). Ukongeza, groove zomlomo ciliates umzimba iifom ngomlomo ifanele ukuba uyakwazi ukuhamba emlonyeni iseli elikhokelela emqaleni. Ukuba kukho vacuoles yokusila ukuba bakhonze ngqo ukuze ukwetyisa. Kodwa components undigested iyasuswa emzimbeni poroshitsu. весьма многогранна, однако основные моменты рассмотрены выше. Iimpawu ezifana ciliates sinzima kunene, kodwa iingongoma eziphambili kuxoxwe ngasentla. Kuphela, kufuneka zincediswa ezimbini vacuoles contractile ciliates zimi kumacala ahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Ngawo ukusebenza kwawo kwazona amanzi okanye pathways iimveliso kwemfuneko.

Ciliate-Slipper

Ukuze bahlole ngokomgangatho isakhiwo kunye nendlela yokuphila eziphilayo umdla kangaka, isakhiwo kweseli olunye-, ezifanelekileyo ukubhekisela kumzekelo ehambelanayo. Oku kufuna ciliate-izihlangu, ezo zande kumaqumrhu yamanzi yendalo afreshi. Lula ukuba exutywe kwimikhumbi yesiqhelo (umzekelo, kwi-akwariyam), i-Gulf of emadlelweni hay kwecacileyo amanzi acocekileyo, kuba xa tinctures hlobo esivelayo, ngokuqhelekileyo, ezininzi ezahlukeneyo iintlobo lenyama, kuquka ciliate-izihlangu. Ngoko ke, ngokusebenzisa ngemicroscope, unako, ngokwesiqhelo, ukuze bafunde bonke ingcaciso enikwe kweli nqaku.

Iimpawu ciliate-izihlangu

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ciliates - uhlobo ziqulathe nobuninzi lweziqalelo, eyona umdla yazo ciliate-wezihlangu. Esi silwanyana kweseli olunye-, ogama ubude sisiqingatha millimitha, ifakwe yokuluka-imilo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umzimba abangaboni embhoxo isihlangu, ukusuka apho, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye igama umdla enjalo. Ciliates Slipper gqolo lihleli imeko yokuhamba kwezinto, yaye isecaleni isiphelo luhlaza kuqala. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, isantya intshukumo rhoqo ufikelela 2.5 mm ngomzuzwana, okulungileyo kakhulu ukuba ngummeli hlobo. Phezu kwamanzi, isiliya umzimba ciliate-yezihlangu ibonakala ukukhonza organelles motor. Njengabo bonke ciliates, ndilolonga umzimba kubume yayo kernels ezimbini: enkulu a uxanduva izondlo, ukuphefumla, intshukumo kunye ukutya, kwaye encinane obandakanyeka nomba ngokwesini.

Ephilayo ciliate-izihlangu

Isixhobo ephilayo ciliate-izihlangu intsonkothile kakhulu. Ukutyabeka engaphandle emele kwiqokobhe obhityileyo elastic. Kuyinto olukwazi ubomi ukugcina imilo elichanekileyo yomzimba eziphilayo leyo. abancedisi bokwenene kweli reference ngokugqibeleleyo fibrils ngophuhliso afumaneka kukho icytoplasm esibekwa enamathela yemvulophu. Body umphezulu ciliate-izihlangu benawo inani elikhulu (malunga 15000) isiliya jinga nokuba iimeko zangaphandle. Emazantsi yomzimba ngamnye carcinomas ibekwe. Isiliya enze isindululo malunga amaxesha 30 ngomzuzwana, kunokuba tyhala umzimba phambili. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba undulations zezi izixhobo ukuvumelana kakhulu evumela ciliates kwinkqubo yokuhamba ngokucothayo kakuhle ukuba uphendule malunga axis longitudinal umzimba.

Ciliates - uhlobo definition uphakamisa umdla

Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iinkalo ciliate-izihlangu ezifanelekileyo ukuqwalasela iinkqubo esisiseko yobomi yayo. сводится к употреблению бактерий и водорослей. Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo lokutya liye lancitshiswa ciliates badle iintsholongwane kwakunye nezityalo. Umzimba ephilayo eyaziyo, ukudakumba, obizwa ngokuba cellular abapasa emlonyeni nasemqaleni, emazantsi apho ukutya iya ngqo vacuole. Apho ke zifunxe malunga neyure, okwenza kwinkqubo yenguqu ukusuka asidi obrak. Vacuoles lihamba ngendlela umzimba ciliates kukho icytoplasm ngoku, kwaye iintsalela undigested ibekwe ngaphandle Ezomva emzimbeni poroshitsu.

Ukuphefumla ciliate-izihlangu kuthwalwa kukho icytoplasm le mpilo izigqubuthelo umzimba. A iinkqubo secretory kwenzeka vacuoles ezimbini contractile. Ke ukuba eziphilayo nochuku, le ciliates, izihlangu zidla Ulihlanganisele kwizakhiwo iintsholongwane ukuphendula iintsholongwane izithako. A edadayo kude stimulus enjalo bathanda ityuwa.

buphindwe

Ciliate-yezihlangu phinda enye ngeendlela ezimbini. Bekukho ukuzala maqanda ngokubanzi, apho undoqo yahlulwe ezimbini. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi kukuba infusoria ngamnye umphakathi-2 (ezinkulu nezincinane). ukuzala kufanelekile xa kukho ezinye ezisilelayo ekutyeni, okanye ukutshintsha xa amaqondo obushushu iqumrhu isilwanyana. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emva koko infusoria ezingenza abe cyst. Kodwa uhlobo ukwanda ukuzala inani lezilwanyana ezikhutshelwe bucala. Ngenxa yoko, ciliates ezimbini ezidibene ngayo kwixesha elithile, oko kukhokelele ukunyibilika yeqokobhe nokwakha ibhulorho ukudibanisa phakathi izilwanyana. Kubalulekile ukuba engundoqo enkulu bonke bephela shwaka, yaye indlela yokungena encinane inkqubo ukwabela kabini. Ngaloo ndlela, a engundoqo kolwakhe 4, ngoko abathathu kubo bayazonakalisa ngazo ciliates nganye, kwaye wesine yahlulwe kwakhona. Inkqubo ngesondo ebizwa conjugation. A ubude unako ukufikelela iiyure ezili-12.