Zintoni kuFacebook osandul? Uphando kwicandelo embryology uvavanyo

yoqheliso osandul yinkqubo yentsebenziswano iindawo osandul, apho enye inxalenye iphembelela bayahlelwa enye. Oku kubhekisela embryology zovavanyo.

Eli nqaku Eyokuba enye miba ibalulekileyo kunye nezintsonkothileyo kwale nzululwazi: "? Yintoni na induction osandul '

A incinane

Lo mkhuba yoqheliso osandul yabhaqwa 1901 zizazinzulu waseJamani ezifana Hans Spemann kunye Hilde Mangold. Kuba okokuqala le nkqubo ufundwa umzekelo ilens ngayo emanzini, nto leyo kwimeko osandul. Imbali iye imizekelo emininzi kunye amalinge ngalo mbandela, ezo zisekelwe kwithiyori Spemann.

hypothesis

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, induction osandul - yinkqubo yentsebenziswano lo mbungu. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho hypothesis, kukho inani leeseli abasebenza kwi enye iseli njengoko ngabaququzeleli, utshintsho kuphuhliso ingqondo. Ukuze ubonise ngokucacileyo ngakumbi inkqubo, izazinzulu kwi 20 yenkulungwane lokugqibela baqhuba uthotho amalinge, ezichaza nzulu ngakumbi ngezantsi.

Experiment Hans Spemann

Ngenxa amalinge bakhe, uGqr Spemann watyhila ipateni ukuba uphuhliso kwenzeka sixhomekeke ngokungqongqo yelungu enye evela kwabanye. Le lokulinga lwaqhutywa kwi Triton. Spemann ufudusiwe ukusuka ngasemva umbungu waya kwisisu ze enye inxalenye iindevu le blastopore. Ngenxa yoko, kuloo ndawo apho organ zilinywe, waqalisa ukuyilwa umbungu entsha. Ngokwesiqhelo kwamathumbu akazange uvaleke.

Ngokusekelwe kumava, ugqirha wagqiba ukuba kukho abaququzeleli echaphazela uphuhliso ngakumbi eziphilayo. Noko ke, abaququzeleli angabanika isiqalo kuphela xa iiseli abanobuchule. Kuthetha ukuthini? Phantsi ngesakhono ibhekisa ekukwazini izinto osandul ukutshintsha isiphelo sayo presumptive phantsi kwempembelelo zonke iintlobo mpembelelo. Xa isifundo AGRICULTURE DEPARTEMENT yoqheliso kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo chordates, abaphengululi bagqiba ukuba iinkalo lobuchule kunye ngokoMthetho eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo iimpawu abaninzi. Oko kukuthi, abaququzeleli be-mthetho, ukuba iseli uyakwazi ukuthatha inductor, kodwa zonke izinto inkqubo ethile lwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Qukumbela ukuba uphuhliso lomzimba - yinto ukusabela chain, azinako ukuba omnye ngaphandle iseli enye. yoqheliso osandul ngcembe uchaza morphogenesis kunye nohlenga amalungu. Kwakhona, le nkqubo sisiseko lokusekwa imbonakalo yangaphandle yomntu asakhasayo.

Research Hilde Mangold

Ndaba umfundi owaphumelela Hans Spemann - Hilde Mangold. Nge dexterity isimanga, wakwazi ukuphumeza kuthotho entsonkothileyo-experimenti ngeembumba triton ngemikroskopu (1.5 mm ubukhulu). Ukwahlula lwegciwane ukusuka kwenye intwana encinci elaphini, oko zilinywe umbungu omnye iintlobo. Ngaphezu koko, yena wakhetha amacandelo umbungu esinye, apho ukuyilwa iiseli kwafuneka ukuba avele kuwo kamva layers lwegciwane. Umbungu esinye phezu kwakhe inxalenye enye kwimveku laqhubeka ukuphuhlisa ngempumelelo. A bomiliselwa isiziba somchako zavelisa umzimba entsha, eyaziyo, ngasemva, emqolo, esisu kunye nentloko.

Ukuthini ukuba baqhube imifuniselo? Ekuhambeni ubukho babo Mangold wabonisa ukuba induction osandul. Oku kuyenzeka kuba i icandelo encinane ezi propati ezizodwa, ukuba igama yi somhleli.

iintlobo kuFacebook

Kukho iindidi ezimbini: yoqheliso heteronomous homonomous kunye induction. Yintoni na kwaye yintoni umahluko? Uhlobo lokuqala - inkqubo apho iiseli zilinywe kwafuneka ukuba ngokutsha phantsi isingqisho jikelele, oko kukuthi, izale umzimba ethile entsha. Okwesibini kuphakamisa utshintsho iiseli ezingqongileyo. Amanqaku okholisa uphuhliso kwicala elinye.

Iinkqubo zolawulo ezisisiseko cellular

Ecacileyo kakhulu, bona theyibhile ingezantsi. Sinikezela kuye njengomzekelo ukufunda iinkqubo zolawulo ezisisiseko cellular yoqheliso osandul.

Okubonakalisa le nto afumaneka kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso ephilayo. Okwangoku, induction osandul sele efunda ngokubanzi.