Umlebe lips nenkalakahla: unobangela nokulungisa

Ukuzalwa komntwana - ithuba elide lilindelwe abaninzi. Kodwa kukho amaxesha apho iindaba ezilungileyo elandelwa iziganeko apho abazali esingayilungisanga kwangaphambili. kwakunokwenzeka into enjalo mgaqweni iziphene kwaye iziphene ukuba lilifu imbonakalo ukuzalwa komntwana lowo.

Umlebe lips kunye nenkalakahla -. ukuzalwa unesiphako umntu kakhulu Abantu anomaly ngokuba "iindevu zaychey" (umlebe izihlambo) kunye "inkalakahla zicandwe" (inkalakahla lips). nokudaleka ithatha indawo ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ukususela 5 ukuya kwiveki 11 zophuhliso osandul.

umyalezo weimeyile

"Zaychey Umlebe" ubizwa ngokuba anomaly, nto leyo zibandakanya ukungabikho buso okanye epheleleyo azikhuli izicwili le iindevu. Kunokuba ukuphuhlisa njenge geqe, kwaye ukudityaniswa inkalakahla lips.

"Inkalakahla lips" - msantsa, inkalakahla zicandwe kwi engundoqo okanye kwicala isabelo. Isenokuba zibekwe kummandla othile (ithambo sobuKristu okanye ezithambileyo umcu ngomva inkalakahla), okanye ukwandisa ubude yonke.

Emzimbeni kamama ngethuba lokukhulelwa banokuchaphazeleka kakubi eziliqela, nto leyo ebonakala mgaqweni ezifana ngomlebe zicandeke kunye nenkalakahla. Izinto ezibangela le ezimbi zilandelayo:

1. nezici olilifa - umntu owazalwa kunye zicandeke izihlambo, kukho amathuba ukuthumela le meko ilifa umntwana wakhe 7-10% yamatyala.
2. Disease imvelaphi egazini, kwiCEMIS unina yakhe ezintathu yokuqala yokukhulelwa (rubella, cytomegalovirus, usulelo herpes virus, toxoplasmosis).
3. yokusingqongileyo kunye radiation iimeko Isithukuthezi kummandla kwabasetyhini abaphila ngexesha ephethe umntwana.
4. zizifo ezingapheliyo, ulawulo kwamachiza kunye naMahlathi in imvelaphi yabo.
5. imikhwa Mother ombi (kakubi utywala, ukutshaya, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezidakumbisayo).

Ucalulo lip lips kunye nenkalakahla

Ngomhla ngenxa yembonakalo yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba ye ukuhlelwa ezimfanteni iye yaphuhliswa. Ukunenzela lula, siya kunika ulwazi kwitheyibhile.

qembu	subgroups	iimpawu subgroups
lip qwaba lips	submucous	C 1 icala amacala 2
	Ezingazaliswanga ngokupheleleyo (s deformation impumlo okanye ngaphandle)	C 1 icala amacala 2
	ngokupheleleyo	C 1 icala amacala 2
inkalakahla qwaba lips	Abo ezichaphazela kuphela ummandla inkalakahla ethambileyo	Submucous, ayiphelelanga, gcwalisa
	Abo ezichaphazela kummandla inkalakahla soft and kunzima	Submucous, ayiphelelanga, gcwalisa
inkalakahla epheleleyo lips and bone alveolar	C 1 icala amacala 2
Kwimfanta inxalenye Icipande inkalakahla ethambileyo, iindevu kunye bone alveolar	C 1 icala amacala 2
Sisaqhubeka emqhokrweni achaphazela iindevu, adanduluke, inkqubo alveolar, inkalakahla nzima yaye soft	C 1 icala	Ekunene-sasekhohlo, elinxele
	C 2 macala
Umlebe lips kunye nenkalakahla (photo ngezantsi), uhlobo Nedlac

ekuxilongweni

Pathology uchazwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Umlebe azalwa lips nenkalakahla sele libonwa kwi iveki 16-20 zophuhliso osandul. Ukuba yonke 3 iimviwo ultrasound enkulu umntwana eyeka ukukhonza unit woluvo ukuze nzima ukuqonda isakhiwo inokuba isaveyi ngenxa lobuxoki.

Ukuphononongwa abazali, owathi kamva waba abantwana mgaqweni bekhubazekile, qinisekisa ithuba positives bobuxoki, kwaye macala omabini. Abanye bathi ukuba umntwana azalwe abagulayo, yaye ngenxa yoko akukho eyahlukileyo umntwana oontanga babo. Okanye, phezu koko, abazali babeqinisekile kwimpilo umntwana yegorha elo, yaye yena wazalwa nesi sifo.

Ukutyisa usana kunye yinto engaqhelekanga

Phambi kokuba ifike ukulungisa le ngxaki, kufuneka ukusombulula umba kid-amandla. Ukondla abantwana ngomlebe lips nenkalakahla yahlukile, ngoko ke unina kufuneka bathobele imithetho, leyo iyohluka, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo leengxaki.

Ukuba umntwana anomaly kuphela isakhiwo komlomo, iingxaki kunye lokufakwa ingono kunye ngokumungunya umlomo wakhe nakanye. Umlebe lips kunye nenkalakahla okanye isibhakabhaka kuphela kufuna ezinye ulungiso ekudleni usana ukususela ukuvulwa phakathi kwam ngeempumlo kunye kwisisu ezibhalwayo ingena ubisi, kwaye akukho uxinzelelo efunekayo inkqubo owanyayo.

Indlela ubisi lingena lweHo- ngeempumlo, nomoya ngokufanayo aqukuqela emlonyeni yaye, ngokunjalo, esiswini. Zifuna ngokuxwesileyo ixesha elide emva badle amaqamza kwemfuneko ngaphandle. Iinyanga yokuqala yobomi zikhatshwa yokulunywa rhoqo, regurgitation, uyakwazi aya kufika nokugabha.

ukondla imithetho:

1. Sebenzisa okanye ibele, okanye ngokusebenzisa Iibhotile zokutyisa (ngekomityi okanye ngecephe akuyomfuneko ukondla).
2. Umphululela amabele phambi lusidla. Oku kuya kwandisa inani yobisi enze kusincede, kwaye inkunzi akuyomfuneko ukuba sizibhokoxe umgudu omkhulu.
3. Gcina imithetho on-ifunwa ukutya. Amaxesha amaninzi ukubeka usana ukuya ebeleni.
4. Ukuqhuba umnwe abenze i areola, nto leyo evumela ukunyusa Buze le kwingono. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa pads ezikhethekileyo, ukukhetha ubukhulu emlonyeni womntwana.
5. Ukuba ufumana usana unsaturated iintsalela ubisi ukuqokelela pump lwebele nokondliwa supplementary ukusuka ebhotileni. Le ingono wakhetha ngamnye, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu yokwakheka.

Izikhokelo zonyango

Abantwana kunye ngomlebe lips nenkalakahla umele atyandwe. Oku kuyimfuneko hayi kuphela ukususa iziphene izithambiso, kodwa ukubuyisela umsebenzi wokugaya kunye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla.

Imihla yonke imisebenzi, ngangenani lazo, isixa ngoncedo uchaza ngokwayo ugqirha. Umlebe lips nenkalakahla isusiwe iinkqubo zilandelayo:

• chiloplasty;
• rinoheyloplastika;
• rinoheylognatoplastika;
• veloplastika;
• palatoplastika;
• yokumilisela bone.

Zonke ezi zokungenelela utyando lokuqala emqhokrweni wengxondorha. Kwixesha elizayo angafuna imisebenzi eziziisekondari ukuba yinxalenye imbonakalo ukulungiswa kunye neziphumo intsalela.

Rinoheyloplastika

Le utyando ukubuyisela iimpawu yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba impumlo kunye iindevu. Umlebe lips nenkalakahla akukho kuphele ngoncedo, kodwa ukululeka "imilebe zaychey" rinoheyloplastika ingqalelo inkqubo oyikhethileyo.

Tasks oogqirha:

• ukubuyiselwa kwenkqubo dystrophy le iindevu;
• Ukulungiswa umda ebomvu;
• uluhlu oluqhelekileyo ubungakanani buccal umgodi;
• ukubuyisela ua oluchanekileyo impumlo;
• i wolingano yamaziko sasilungiswa;
• oyinxalenye emazantsi zicatshulwa ngeempumlo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa, kangangokuba amanxeba zazibonakala kancinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. ukuphazamiseka True ndlela esinyuliweyo, izinga deformation yethishyu zamabanga aphantsi kunye nokugcinwa intlala kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo postoperative - izinto ezibonakalisa imfuneko kotyando yesibini emva recovery epheleleyo malunga nesigulane eso.

inkqubo unilateral yezifo ivumela umsebenzi ukuphumeza nyanga-3 ubudala, ndlela-mbini - emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Emva kokuba iiplastiki umntwana wondla mhlawumbi ngecephe okanye ityhubhu nasogastric, kuxhomekeke kwimeko jikelele kunye nobudala isigulane. Emva kweentsuku 3-4, unako ukubuyela indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo.

Rinoheylognatoplastika

Abantwana kunye ngomlebe lips kunye nenkalakahla ungafumana ukususa sifo esebenzisa sokungenela. Lo msebenzi ujoliswe ukususwa yokwakheka ukuphazamiseka impumlo, iindevu kunye ithambo alveolar. It ivumela ukululeka ngokusebenzisa iziphene. Umlebe mazwe lips nenkalakahla - enye ebonisa ukuba rinoheylognatoplastike.

Ithuba ngokupheleleyo nokusebenza nokuba uzaze de occlusion esisigxina nangoku ayakhekanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye okwangoku yenzekile lwaba neengxakana canines aphezulu.

Veloplastika

Umlebe lips nenkalakahla ubuyiselwa yi ngaxeshanye ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezininzi operative. Ziingcali kunye izinto zidibene heylorinoplastiki veloplastiki (ulungiso inkalakahla ethambileyo). Ungenelelo ngoncedo lwenziwa ezi njongo zilandelayo:

• buyisela ukuginya umsebenzi;
• ukuphefumla inkqubo ukulungiswa;
• ukubuyisela phonation nentetho.

Ukuba umntwana afunde ukutya, ukuze ukutya kugquma ukusuka emlonyeni ukusa impumlo, kunye izixhobo kwimiphimbo sibi. utshintsho ezimandundu ngentetho ayikwazi kuba self-ukulungisa. Oku kubalulekile kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala, xa umntwana efunda ukuthetha ukwakha izakhono zabo ngamnye (ukucula, becengceleza isihobe).

Veloplastika kubanjwa ukususela kwiinyanga ezisi-8 ubudala. Kudla ahlinzwe ukunyamezeleka kakuhle, yaye emva kweentsuku 1-2, usana batye ngokuzimeleyo.

Palatoplastika

Abantwana kunye ngomlebe lips kunye nenkalakahla (yokukhubazeka kubantwana ezinjalo ekuthethwa) angafuna zigaba ezininzi ngokusebenza, oluqhutywa rhoqo. Ukuba ozalwe sichaphazele kuphela imilebe, ithambo alveolar kunye inkalakahla ethambileyo, kodwa inkalakahla nzima, le karhulumente inkomba palatoplastiki.

Emva ulungiso kokuba kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo umsantsa inkalakahla ethambileyo kwi okuqinileyo iingqameko ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngeminyaka 3-4 kuba elimxinwa ukuze ukwazi ukubuyisela ingqibelelo ngaphandle neengxaki ezibalulekileyo esibuhlungu. Loo nokulungiswa enezigaba ezibini na iingenelo zilandelayo:

• iimeko recovery kwangethuba ukulungiselela uphuhliso eqhelekileyo lweempawu zentetho;
• umqobo uqhushululu Ukukhula imimandla emhlathini eliphezulu.

recovery step-Enye kunokwenzeka, kodwa kulo mzekelo kwandisa umngcipheko lokungaphuhliswa emhlathini eliphezulu.

yokumilisela bone

Lo msebenzi wenziwa ugqirha, kodwa elungelelanisiweyo kunye wamazinyo. Kuqhutywa ngexesha sokutshintsha yethutyana ukuba occlusion esisigxina (iminyaka 7-9). Ngexesha ukungenelela ngokuthatha sihlume ukusuka lesiquluba lithambo yomguli, kwaye zilinywe kummandla wethambo emqhokrweni wengxondorha alveolar. Le lenkohlakalo unako ukubuyisela isidima ithambo kwemihlathi yangasentla nokudala iimeko kangangoko ukuba kuqhambuko kwamazinyo.

utyando secondary

Umlebe lips nenkalakahla - a anomaly naso ukuba ushiye umkhondo phezu kobuso umntu kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. izigulane ezininzi kufuneka baqhube utyando zeplastiki lesibini, injongo elolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukulungisa imbonakalo;
• ukufunyanwa umsebenzi intetho;
• ukupheliswa wemiyalezo ezingaqhelekanga phakathi nemingxuma ezimbini (ngeempumlo, ngomlomo);
• ukuhamba kunye nokuzinziswa emhlathini eliphezulu.

1. Upper lip

Uninzi lwezigulane abafuna ukwenza ulungiso iindevu, adanduluke, anikela ingqalelo into yokuba emva kokuba ungenelelo ekuqaleni nolusu. Umnqweno ukubusiphula nezikhokelela gqirha. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba naliphi na ibala okanye kukuqulungana ingenziwa ukuhla lula kwi-mali, kodwa oko akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokupheleleyo, lahlani kuyo.

uhlobo rhoqo:

• ukugoba nemvelo umda ebomvu;
• asymmetry;
• waphula umthetho imisebenzi inkqubo dystrophy;
• nenzaliseko engaqhelekanga.

2. Nose

Mgaqweni ye iindevu ezidityanisiweyo kunye ukukhubazeka ngeempumlo. kufuneka utyando impumlo Sekondari kuba phantse zonke izigulane. The degree of deformation kuxhomekeke ubuzaza sifo ephambili. Ukuze kulungiswe le asymmetry, imbonakalo ubuhle, nokubuyiselwa ekudibaneni ngeempumlo ebanjwe rhinoplasty.

utshintsho Minor ezifuna ukulungiswa unako yenziwe yabantwana yasekuqaleni. ungenelelo olubanzi iminyaka kuphela emva 16-17, xa amathambo ubuso usenziwa ngokupheleleyo.

3. inkalakahla ethambileyo

Le ngenxa nasezimfanteni ezintsonkothileyo velofaringealnaya yazo utyando lokuqala abe ayonelanga. Le yimeko yezifo ezinxulumene ilizwi ngeempumlo, intetho slurred kunye. Iinkqubo zotyando ejolise ngokususa izinto ezifuna intetho.

Olu tyando akuvumelekanga ngalo naliphi na ubudala, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kungcono ukuba ubonane therapist intetho, kwaye uqinisekise nakwenzeka intetho enxulumene nangezinye iindlela.

Kuyinto ngaphambi ukuvavanya ngenxa ukusebenza ngomhla inkalakahla ethambileyo akunakwenzeka, kuba inkqubo dystrophy le ngingqi-ethe kakhulu kuphazamiseko lwangaphandle, nto leyo ithetha ukuba loloyiko emva kotyando ephambili isoloko ebalulekileyo. Ukubuyisela iimpawu ezisebenzayo enze zazo zilandelayo:

• re plasty imisipha ngaphandle okanye zobude ngaxeshanye;
• inkalakahla ethambileyo zeplastiki usebenzisa caba pharyngeal.

Uphawu kwethuba postoperative kade ukuba sijongane nabo kwaye logopedist abanezakhono zononophelo ezindlebeni yobungcali.

4. Oronazalnye fistula

Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo izigulane esebenza ngomlebe zicandeke kunye nenkalakahla. Fistula ngumngxunyana phakathi ukuqanda ezimbini. kwasendaweni rhoqo - kummandla ithambo alveolar, inkalakahla nzima. Besebancinane, iindawo ezinjalo ibe ngunobangela okufumana ukutya impumlo, kodwa abantwana bafunda ukulawula imeko. Ngenxa yoko uba ngeempumlo kunye nelizwi slurred.

Ukususwa fistulas oronazalnyh theka ithambo akayicingi ukwenza emazantsi zicatshulwa ngeempumlo.

isiphelo

Umlebe lips nenkalakahla, apho ukukhubazeka kuhlala kumbuzo libhekisela kwimeko naso. Kwimeko yokudityaniswa leengxaki amabini kakhulu namanye mgaqweni angafumana ukhubazekile.

Ubukho isifo esinye kunye akukho mgaqweni ezinxulumene naso lomlinganiswa omiselwe ngolo hlobo, loo nto ukunqanda umntu ngokuzimeleyo ukuzinakekela kwaye ezingahambi ezingaqhelekanga kwezinye iindawo (yengqondo, engqondweni, yovakalelo). Kwiimeko zonyango ezinjalo, isigulana ayisazi mthethweni.