Zinaida Serebryakov: biography kanye photo

Zinaida Serebryakova - artist Russian, owaba dumile kwinkulungwane yama-20, bakhe self-ifoto, uye waphila ixesha elide futhi engenakulibaleka ubomi, enkulu apho waya ekuthinjweni e Paris. Ngoku, xa kwehle amakhulu Tretyakov Gallery umboniso umsebenzi wakhe, ndifuna khumbulani ze nithethe ngazo ubomi bakhe nzima, amahla ndinyuka bayahlelwa intsapho yakhe.

Zinaida Serebryakov: biography, impumelelo kuqala ku peyinta

Yena wazalwa ngo-1884 kwintsapho odumileyo ubugcisa Benoit-Lancer, nto idume izizukulwana ezininzi abakroli, ngabapeyinti, bezakhiwo kunye abaqambi. ebuntwaneni sachithwa-bume elimangalisayo lokudala esangqeni lentsapho omkhulu, zikungqinge naye ngemfesane nenyameko.

Intsapho wahlala eSt Petersburg, kwaye ehlotyeni isoloko safudukela impahla Neskuchnoye kufuphi eKharkov. Painting Zinaida Evgenevna Serebryakova wafunda ngasese ekuqaleni kwi Princess Tenishcheva e St. Petersburg, ngoko portrait O. Braz. Kamva, waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe eFransi Italy.

Ekubuyeni kwakhe eParis, igcisa ungena uluntu "The World of Art" kuzisa kunye amagcisa baloo maxesha, kamva ngokuba Silver Age. Impumelelo yokuqala beza kuye ngo-1910, emva kokuba ebonisa self-umzobo "Kuba yangasese" (1909), nangoko bathenga P. Tretyakov ukuba gallery.

Womzobo ubonisa intombi eyinzwakazi oma phambi esipilini, wenza yangasese kusasa. Amehlo akhe kuxolela kwicala umbukeli i ecaleni phezu kwetafile wabeka abafazi Trivia: iibhotile linamafutha, ibhokisi izacholo, yomqala, exabisa i-ikhandlela mbane. Kulo msebenzi, ubuso womzobi namehlo ndizive lolutsha yovuyo yokusa ilanga aveze ngokweemvakalelo sengqondo ubomi ngenene.

Umtshato nabantwana

Nge umnyulwa yena wachitha ebuntwaneni neni, nokuthetha rhoqo kunye Neskuchnii, kwaye eSt Petersburg kunye Serebryakov izalamane nentsapho yakhe. Boris Serebryakov waba umzala wakhe, babethanda enye yabantwana ngasinye waphupha zokutshata. Noko ke, oku akuzange ukusebenza ixesha elide ngenxa ukungavumelani kwicawa imitshato ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1905, emva kokuba isivumelwano kunye umfundisi wasekuhlaleni (engange 300) izalamane bakwazi ukubanika emtshatweni.

Umdla abasandul owenze ngokupheleleyo: Boris wayelungiselela ukuba yinjineli of iziporo, ndandikuthanda ubungozi, wada waya nasekubaqheliseni naseManchuria ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Japanese, kunye Zinaida Serebryakova awayezithanda yokudweba. Noko ke, ulwalamano ngothando womelele kunene, wenze izicwangciso ubomi elizayo kunye.

ubomi kunye lwaqalisa uhambo eParis ubude ngonyaka ngamnye, apho umzobi waya kufunda ukupeyinta kwi-Academy de la Grande Chaumiere kunye Boris wafundiswa Graduate School of iibrorho kunye neendlela.

Ukubuyela Neskuchnoye, igcisa eli ukusebenza komhlaba kunye ekumeni, kunye Boris usaqhubeka kufunda Institute of Communications and wenza zoku-. Kwakufuneka ezine nabantwana-pogodok: kuqala, oonyana ababini, neentombi ezimbini ngoko. Ngexesha le minyaka, abantwana bakhe abazinikele imisebenzi emininzi ezibonisa ngoyolo ngumama kunye yokukhula abantwana.

Famous ukupeyinta "Xa sakusasa," ubonisa umthendeleko usapho endlwini, apho uhlala uthando nolonwabo, ubonisa abantwana etafileni, ezingqonge Trivia zasekhaya. Umzobi wabhala ekumeni, yena nomyeni wakhe, imifanekiso yemizobo ubomi kwezoqoqosho Neskuchnii libonisa umlimi wengingqi kwimisebenzi "ezingwevu yemizobo", "Ukuvuna", kunye nabanye. Abantu babekuthanda kakhulu yentsapho Serebryakov, ngenxa ubuchule bakhe ukulima khon 'ukuze ukuma somfanekiso mculi.

Revolution kunye nendlala

Iziganeko olululo 1917 waza waya Neskuchnyi, bezise umlilo neentlekele. Serebryakov kumakhelwane elinyukayo "abantu abalwa bomzabalazo," kodwa igcisa yena nabantwana yakwazi ukuhamba kulo ngoncedo yamafama zasekuhlaleni, ngubani na owanibonisayo wakhe wada wayeka ukuya iingxowa ezimbalwa ingqolowa kunye neminqathe. Serebryakovs wafudukela eKharkov ukuya ugogo. Boris kwezi nyanga wasebenza njengoko ingcali iindlela zokuqala eSiberia, ngoko eMoscow.

Akukho ofumana naluphi iindaba kumyeni wayo, bazikhathaza kakhulu ngokuba kuye, Zinaida Serebryakov esiya kumkhangela, eshiya abantwana nonina. Noko ke, emva kokuba bahlangana endleleni Boris yaqashwa yesifo wafa ezingalweni umfazi wayo onothando. Zinaida ndasala ndedwa nabantwana-4 kunye nomama abakhulileyo eKharkov olambileyo. Esebenza part-time kwi myuziyam zakudala, ukwenza imizobo of Skulls ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali kunye nemali ukuthenga ukutya abantwana.

Ebuhlungu "House of Cards"

Ukupeyinta "House of Cards" Zinaida Serebryakova yabhalwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokufa komyeni wakhe, Boris, apho umzobi bathabathela isandla emlonyeni kunye nabantwana kunye nomama babo eKharkov, waza waba kakhulu ebuhlungu ezizweni zonke imisebenzi yakhe. kanye Isihloko womzobo Serebryakov sijongwe isikweko ngenxa yomphefumlo wakhe.

Kwaye ayiqabe iipeyinti ioli, ezibe ezintsha ngexesha ukusukela yonke imali echithwa kuyo, ukuze sife intsapho yindlala. Ubomi isiqaqa ngathi indlu amakhadi. Kwaye phambi wegcisa alinayo nayiphi na ithemba kubomi enobuchule kunye zobuqu, eyona nto iphambili ngelo xesha - ukugcina ukondla abantwana babo.

Ubomi Petrograd

EKharkov, kwakungekho mali, akukho zi-odolo umsebenzi ngenxa yokudweba ukuze umculi ugqiba ukususa intsapho Petrograd, kufutshane nosapho kunye nobomi benkcubeko. Yena wacelwa ukuba asebenze kwi Petrograd unjingalwazi iimyuziyam isebe kwi-Academy of Arts Fine, yaye ngoDisemba 1920, intsapho iphela olukhe lwahlala Petrograd. Noko ke, ukususela ukufundisa, wala ukuba asebenze endaweni yakhe.

Serebryakov zaveza eni, izimvo Tsarskoye Selo kunye Gatchina. Noko ke, amathemba bakhe ubomi obungcono akuyonyaniso: nangokuthi ikomkhulu esemantla indlala, ukuba nkqu amaxolo zamazambane.

abathengi Rare Zinaida wanceda ukondla bakhulisa oonyana, intombi Tania waqalisa ukufunda komnyhadala kwi Mariinsky Theatre. Indlu njalo ezayo webhaleyi eliselula lathatha umculi. Ngoko uthotho lwemizobo zebhaleyi kwayo zadalwa, nto leyo ebonisa sylphs abaselula kunye webhaleyi banxibe ukuba aye eqongeni kule mdlalo.

Ngowe-1924, oko iqala ukuvuselelwa umsebenzi mboniso. Imizobo emininzi Zinaidy Serebryakovoy kwi nokuboniswa zobugcisa Russian zathengiswa eMelika. Emva kokufumana imali, igqiba kwelokuba ukushiya okwethutyana eParis, ukuze bafumane imali yesondlo nentsapho yakhe.

Paris. in ekuthinjweni

Ukushiya abantwana kunye nomakhulu babo Petrograd, Serebryakov efika Paris ngoSeptemba 1924, nangona kunjalo, ubomi lokudala ukusilela apha: Okokuqala kukho workshop zethu, imiyalelo encinane, imali uyakwazi ukuba besamkela kancinci kakhulu, yaye ezo ithumela eRashiya kwintsapho yakhe.

Xa biography wegcisa Zinaida Serebryakova ubomi eParis wazingqina ukuba izinto zatshintsha, emva koko wayengazange akwazi ukubuyela ekhaya, kunye nabantwana bakhe ababini, ibona kwiminyaka engama-36 kuphela kamva, ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe.

Ixesha likhanya yonke yobomi bakhe eFransi - apha kufika xa intombi yakhe Kate, kunye bandwendwela kwiidolophu ezincinane waseFransi naseSwitzerland, ekwenzeni imizobo, ubume, eni amafama bendawo (1926).

Uhambo ku Morocco

Ngowe-1928, emva kokuba ukubhala uthotho portraits ngenxa ngumrhwebi Belgian, kunye nemali Zinaida kunye Catherine Serebryakovs yiya kwi uhambo ukuya Morocco. Usindwa ubuhle East, Serebryakov kwenza uthotho izifundo kunye nomsebenzi, ukuzoba izitalato yasempumalanga balapha.

Emva e Paris, yena amalungiselelo umboniso "yaseMorocco" umsebenzi, ukuqokelela inani elikhulu lohlolo nolangazelelo, kodwa akaba nako ukwenza nantoni na. Bonke abahlobo bakho ziye zaphawula yokunqaba kunye nokungakwazi bathengise umsebenzi wabo.

Ngowe-1932, Zinaida Serebryakova uya ku Morocco, ukwenza kwakhona imizobo kunye nenkangeleko. Ngexesha le minyaka, kwaba bakwazi ukwahlukana, unyana ka-Alexander, owaba opeyintayo. Yena ibandakanyeka umsebenzi zokuhombisa, ngaphakathi ehonjisiweyo kwaye silwenza zokugquma siko.

abantwana bakhe ababini, bafika e-Paris, kumnceda afumane imali ngenkuthalo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo zobugcisa zokuhombisa.

Abantwana baseRashiya

Abantwana ababini wegcisa Eugene kunye Tatiana, novulelweyo eRashiya nomakhulu wakhe, baba kakhulu, belambile. yokuhlala kwabo ubunjwe, baza awuthimba igumbi elinye kuphela, nto leyo kwakufuneka kufudunyezwe ngokuzimeleyo.

Ngowe-1933, umama wakhe E. N. Lansere wafa, abakwazi ukumelana indlala nasekusweleni, wahlala ngokwabo abantwana. Baye baza bakhetha njengoko imisebenzi yoyilo: Jack waba wezakhiwo, kunye Tatiana - igcisa kwindawo yokubonela. Ngokuthe ngcembe Banika ubomi babo, waqala iintsapho, kodwa iminyaka emininzi waphupha ukudibana kunye nomama wakhe, rhoqo eqondisa imbalelwano yakhe.

Ngo-1930 urhulumente waseSoviet wamenywa ukuba abuyele ekhaya, kodwa ngaloo minyaka Serebryakov abasebenze iikhomishini zabucala eBelgium, yaye ngoko ke Second World War. Emva kwemfazwe, waba wagula kakhulu yaye akazange abe nobuganga ukuhamba.

Kuphela 1960, Tatyana wakwazi ukuza Paris ukubona umama wakhe, kwiminyaka engama-36 emva kokuba ngokwahlukana.

Serebrya ubonisa eRussia

Ngowe-1965, ngethuba nobudlelwane eSoviet Union wathabatha kuphela lokudla mboniso lobuqu Zinaida Serebryakova e Moscow, ngoko waya e Kiev, naseLeningrad. Artist ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-80 ubudala kwaye uza kuba wayengakwazi ukuba imo yempilo, kodwa ndandonwabile elikhulu ukukhunjulwa kwakhe ekhaya.

Lo mboniso yabanjwa ngempumelelo enkulu, ekhumbuza wonke wegcisa olityelweyo omkhulu ibisoloko enikelwe zobugcisa zoqobo. Serebryakov iye yakwazi, nangona zonke kweminyaka yawo kwisiqingatha sokuqala yama-20 c., Ukuze sifumane isimbo yakho. Kuloo minyaka impressionism eYurophu alawule, Deco ubugcisa, abstract kunye nezinye nomsinga.

abantwana bakhe, owayehlala naye eFransi, wahlala ethembekile ekupheleni kobomi, landlelwe ubomi bakhe nokunceda ngezimali. na Baye bezisa iintsapho zabo baza bahlala naye de wafa eneminyaka engama-82, emva koko umbutho imiboniso yayo.

Z. Serebryakov wangcwatyelwa 1967 kumangcwaba ka Saint Genevieve de Bois e Paris.

Lo mboniso ngo-2017

Zinaida Serebryakova mboniso kwi Tretyakov Gallery - enkulu kule minyaka engama-30 edlulileyo (200 imizobo kunye nemizobo), elingcwele, iminyaka engama-50 ukufa womzobi, ubaleka ukususela ngo-Apreli ukuya ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2017

emva Previous umsebenzi wakhe yaqhutywa ngowe-1986, oko ke ezinye iiprojekthi, eyabonisa umsebenzi wakhe kwi-Russian Museum eSt Petersburg kwimiboniso ezincinane zabucala wenziwe.

Ngeli xesha, i nabalondolozi isiseko French Fondation Serebriakoff waqokelela isixa esikhulu yomsebenzi ukwenza umboniso ezukileyo ukuba ngexesha lasehlotyeni lika-2017 ziya kupapashwa kwi imigangatho-2 le-Engineering Corps igalari.

Umva le-maxesha, esivumela umbukeli ukubona ubuchule umgca ezahlukeneyo umzobi Zinaida Serebryakova, ukususela eni yokuqala kunye nemisebenzi abadanisi ballet le Mariinsky Theatre, abo eRashiya kwi 20. Zonke Imizobo yakhe nesithukuthezi semvelo kunye lyricism, uvakalelo ezakhayo ebomini. Kwiholo eyahlukileyo usebenza imifanekiso nabantwana bakhe.

Kumgangatho olandelayo iqulethe imisebenzi eyenziwe Paris elubhacweni, phakathi kwabo:

• panel Belgian, isiko-eyenziwe Baron de Brouwer (1937-1937), ngaxa lithile babegqalwa abafileyo ngexesha lemfazwe;
• imizobo eMorocco kunye imizobo, ebhalwe ngowe-1928 no-1932.;
• eni aseBrithani Russian ezibhaliweyo eParis;
• imihlaba kunye nezifundo indalo eFransi, eSpeyin kunye nabanye.

wamagama

Bonke abantwana Zinaida Serebryakova waqhubeka izithethe sokuyila kwaye baba amagcisa nabayili abasebenza ntlobo ezahlukeneyo. intombi omncinane Serebryakova xa - uCatherine waphila ubomi obude, emva kokufa nonina, yena athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi mboniso umsebenzi isiseko Fondation Serebriakoff, wafa eneminyaka engama-101 e-Paris.

Zinaida Serebryakova enikelwe izithethe zobugcisa bamandulo ufumene isimbo sakhe yokudweba, ebonisa uvuyo nethemba, ukholo nothando namandla nobuchule, bathatha amathuba ezininzi ezintle ebomini bakhe kunye nokusingqongileyo.