"Ukuhlamba i Red Horse". Petrov-Vodkin: inkcazelo imifanekiso. Ukupeyinta "Ukuhlamba i Red Horse"

Onobuntu unique umzobi odumileyo Russian Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Imifanekiso, amabali, memoirs, iindlela ezintsha ukupeyinta, iziqhamo izityebi kumsebenzi zokufundisa yena wasishiya ilifa. Isiphelo sakhe yaba kaleidoscopic efanayo awakukhupha ihlabathi umsebenzi wakhe ezikrelekrele.

Okwakufudula inkosi

Eyona ukupeyinta odumileyo wegcisa - "Umfanekiso uAnny Ahmatovoy", "ngowe-1918 e-Petrograd", "Ukuhlamba i Red Ihashe", "Ukufa Commissar", "A. Pushkin e St. Petersburg "," Violin "," Ulutsha, "" igorha onxaniweyo "," Ntombi Umlobi kaThixo "," Morning Sekunjalo Life "," I Coast. " Kakade ke, ayikho kuluhlu lonke mizobo yi umculi. Petrov-Vodkin wadala imizobo kuzo zonke iintlobo ezaziwayo - portraits, kusekho lifes, ubume, kuthwelwe indlu, zembali kunye nezifundo yimizekeliso. Ngamnye umsebenzi wakhe ephefumlayo bezibona eyahlukileyo yehlabathi kunye ukuzimela ngokomoya.

Imvelaphi ubuntu lokudala

Phakathi bexesha lakhe, abo babesebenza "phezu ethubeni" engamakhulu amabini - ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ibalasele kwezinye zaphawula nganye, ngesandla ezizodwa kunye nokuzithemba ngokugqibeleleyo obugcisa abohlukeneyo Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Inkcazelo mizobo, okudalwe umninindlu, ayiphelelanga ngaphandle kukhankanywa imigaqo ezintsha kunye nobuchule wazalwa ngendlela wegcisa, Isimanga, zokufunda edlelelelayo ukupeyinta kudala elikude.

I mothuko lokuqala mihle ukuya umzobi, phantse inkwenkwe, baba icon Novgorod, apho ndabona endlwini izihlobo Amakholwa Old. Kwathi ngexesha ekulihlaleni intsapho Khvalynsk - ezimnandi, wangcwatywa kwisixeko verdure kwi iVolga. Ezi zinto zagxila kwangena kunye nemifanekiso iintsomi bonwabile zipeyintwe phambi Kuzma ummelwane kunye nowabo nentsapho Andrew Kondratych. Boy kwaye uzame ukupeyinta, akumangalisi imizobo ababuqiqileyo abazali. Kwindawo apho Ndazalwa yaye wakhula Petrov-Vodkin, umfanekiso akujongwa ukuba ibe lixabiso elikhulu, kwaye umsebenzi wegcisa waqonda into umtefisa. Ndiphuma kusapho izihlangu kweza kuye sicakazana sithile, Kuzma Sergeyevich ngokuphindaphindiweyo wakhankanya ukuba, ukuba wenza ukupeyinta, waziva into efana inkosi entsha bohemian. Ukhe wacinga ngexesha intsapho yakhe ukuba unyana wabo uya kuhla encwadini yeembali imbali uhombise ukuqokelelwa yeemyuziyam eziziingangamsha, ezifana odumileyo Tretyakov Gallery, ekupeyinteni yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi ephucukile!

Ukufunwa umendo wayo

Kuloo minyaka, xa bayahlelwa igcisa akuthethi kwazo ngokusebenzisa silungiselwe inkwenkwe ukususela Ingxenye oluntu indlela Providence ngamandla watyhala umfana ekufundeni yokudweba. Yena ndaphumelela isixeko kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, Kuzma waqalisa ukusebenza koomasifundisane umkhombe-wokulungisa nokulungiselela ukungena esikolweni kaloliwe. Ekwindla waya Samara, uviwo nako ukuma, size emva koko nizinikele ngokupheleleyo ekwenzeni uthando lwakhe. Lokusinda kwi imisebenzi yasendlini, Kuzma wagqiba ukufunda wokupeyinta eklasini ukupeyinta Fedor Burov. Yaba kwamava, kodwa ulwazi ebalulekileyo, akaninikanga uYehova. Abafundi ababandakanyekayo uninzi theory zemfundo zange akazange athabathe up indalo. Emva kokufa katitshala Petrov-Vodkin wazama ukufumana iconographer umsebenzi. Kunye nabanye ofunda nabo walungiselela vyvesochnikov lemigulukudu. Noko ke, akukho enye okanye enye inkampani asiphumelelanga. Oku akuzange kunciphisa lo mfana wazimisela ukuba abandakanyeke ukupeyinta. Samara ehlotyeni waya yakowabo Khvalynsk wakhe.

intlanganiso sibi

weza Impumelelo ukusuka kwelinye icala: indlu apho umama womzobi waba kwinkonzo iinkosi, weza evela St. Petersburg inenekazi, udade iindwendwe, ethanda ukwakha indlu lizwe Khvalynsk. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ndiye ndabizwa ukuba wezakhiwo enkundleni, owawatshabalalisayo Kuzma imizobo. Uphakamise umfana ukufunda kwikomkhulu. Kwangaloo nyaka, Petrov-Vodkin ababhalise kwi-Central School of Technical Drawing of Baron Stieglitz, evelisa enkosini zawo ezindongeni bezandla. Kukho zixabisekile inkuthalo kunye nokuchaneka, ekupeyinteni ukuba ngenkankulu wafundisa. umfundi ngenkuthalo yaye abanomdla Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, akwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu belilinye ishishini, kodwa italente amrholela ngakumbi - lo mfana isilela imibala abazizityebi kunye nokupeyinta free. Fanele wahlala kuloo sikhokelo bezandla, asizange ndimbona na wobugcisa yakhe "Ukuhlamba i Red Ihashe", okanye ezinye Imizobo ekhululekile.

umdla ukufunda kwisayensi nobugcisa

A kwiphepha elitsha yobomi wamagcisa aselula - yiya Moscow School of Umzobo, apho umsebenzi wokufundisa ngoko waqalisa izithixo zobutsha - Valentin Serov, uIsake Levitan, uKonstantin Korovin, Martiros Saryan. Emva Khvalynsk wephondo wezifundo Petersburg Petrov-Vodkin singena ngenyhek ubomi yedemokhrasi ezinodlamko eMoscow. Yena ngothando ufuna ukwamkela yonke into, ukuba ukwazi imithetho iphela. Umculi ufunda ukudlala ivayolin, uyayiqonda iziseko zemvelo chemistry, wabhala amabali kunye nemidlalo.

Uhambo, abazi emgaqweni

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha, umfana oselula wathimba umnqweno ukuya ngeenxa ehlabathini. uhlala phezu ibhayisikile kunye indlela sisentlokweni yakhe yena. "Warsaw-Munich-Italy" Kuzma wakwazi ukufumana kuphela eJamani. Apha, lo mfana uya esikolweni Antona Ashbe, buthandwa amagcisa of Russia. iindawo ezintsha, indlela yobomi, imisebenzi yobugcisa thaca iqashiso draftsman oselula ngamava eneziqhamo. Konke oku unokuzuza refracted kwaye ngovuyo epeyinta Petrov-Vodkin.

Ngo-Italy, igcisa kwaba malunga neminyaka emihlanu kamva. Ubenqwenela ukubona ntshava. izinto ezomeleleyo wayithimba ngokubona kwakhe. Ekhwela kuzo milk and aphefumle ezinamanzi umlilo, artist oselula Petrov-Vodkin bafumana imvakalelo ukuba, ubungqina bakhe, ngonaphakade yatshintsha ukuqonda kwakhe ubomi nobugcisa, wanikina ingqondo yakhe.

Ukupeyinta "Ukuhlamba i Red Horse"

Kulo mfanekiso, igcisa wadala ngowe-1912, xa malunga nama-34 eminyaka ubudala. Ngokutsho ubungqina labaphandi, ingcamango picture sisusela wegcisa emva kokuba umfundi wakhe Sergei Kalmykov kwisikhokelo se-amaphepha abhalwe amahashe abomvu. Kukholelwa ukuba kwinguqulelo yokuqala womzobo "Ukuhlamba i Red Horse" (oko engafakwanga) yasekwa ekwilifa umhlobo Jikelele apho igcisa kunye nomfazi wakhe wamema onke banobubele. Kwase kwesilwanyana kwinxalenye embindini le web waba OWAYEBEKA wokwenene ogama Boy. Kamva, eSt Petersburg, Petrov-Vodkin zipeyintwe kwakhona. Sergey Kalmykov waphefumlela inkosi njengomzekelo umlinganiswa ophambili. Xa kukho umfana neyi ehleli ihashe, ukuqonda iimpawu wegcisa umfundi.

Olube Age Silver

Phantsi ageza amahashe, kuba inkoliso kunye benganxibanga, yayithandwa kakhulu ekupeyinteni ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Phakathi abazihlambululayo amanye amahashe kunye nabantu babhala Arkady Plastov, uPyotr Konchalovsky, Valentin Serov kunye nezinye zabazobi. Engumqondiso amandla ongenakoyiswa, anobukroti uyathandeka ubabalo yehashe kunye umkhweli wayehleli phezu limele amandla emozulu, amandla olusisikhokelo umoya nengqondo. umzimba Athletically-ze dystrophy wenkwenkwe, apho sibona kwi movie "Ukuhlamba i Red Horse" - nalo ngokuhambelana ezithandwa zobugcisa zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Iculo iplastiki Ukuntsonkotha eyakhiwe kakuhle umzimba eyindoda lahlokoma nje kuphela imisebenzi lamagcisa abanamakhono, kodwa owaba- ihlabathi lonke ballets Diaghilev kaThixo.

"Akukho amahashe"

Le yaba sisingcikivo engundoqo leyo weva kwidilesi Petrov-Vodkin. "Ukuhlamba i Red Ihashe", umsebenzi yabangela impikiswano kangangoko impendulo ancome, ngokucacileyo iphefumlelwe kunye yokuqala ukuba umzobi sake kumasifundisane icon-ukupeyinta. ebomvu horse lokomfuziselo ndikho icon yamandulo, umzekelo, xa umfanekiso Arhangela Mihaila St. Boris kunye Gleba kunye t. D. Lo mfanekiso Petrov-Vodkin le umbala yimizekeliso. Umele ukuthanda kunye swiftness, umnqwazi banxanelwe omtsha, ukuze into eqwengiweyo prerevolutionary eRashiya. Xa iconography, umbala obomvu sesona amandla wathweswa nolusebenzayo, enye amandla sinikwe bavuswa kwaye alungele utshintsho bakuthi, owayehlala elikhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Art features kaMnu

Ngomhla ngelaphu lisaqhuba phambi kokuba ababukeli umfanekiso kakhulu ngokwembono ungqukuva, ovusa imigca ajikelezayo. Zokuqiniseka umzobi, lo mfanekiso amathuba idlulisela kakhulu nangokuchanekileyo bokubanga ezizinzululwazi indima yomntu kwindalo iphela. Ongaphambili - ihashe elibomvu ngokuzithemba nabakhweli inyathela phantsi. Embindini ngelaphu - emanzini - ngemfano ihashe elimhlophe isiginci izintso walo yayo, wehla, namahashe nebomvu eliqaqambileyo nomkhweli walo, sibona kuyo ngasemva. Eli qela lonke, kuquka inkwenkwe engundoqo zikhwele emahasheni, kudala intshukumo onamanzi accentuated turnover olucothayo amanzi echibini. Isicwangciso umfanekiso ongasemva na elunxwemeni, kananjalo, wenza ngeenxa imigca ekunene.

Amandla imibala

Okumangalisayo idibanisa yaye ukungafani umbala ukupeyinta. A Connoisseur olukhulu obumangalisayo uluhlu umbala thaca apha phambi kokuba ababukeli Petrov-Vodkin. "Ukuhlamba i Red Horse" - umzekelo indlela mizobo isisombululo kwisemantiki yabonisa ulwimi iintyatyambo. Zibe cool blue-uhlaza chibi ibonisa isibhakabhaka kumphezulu kakuhle apho diverge Jets bhetyebhetye izangqa agudileyo, kwakunye semi-setyhula isiqwenga ngaselunxwemeni elipinki kunye namabala eluhlaza nezihlahlana ulungelane ogqibeleleyo kuba yehashe obomvu oqaqambileyo yaye ndife mnyama, inkwenkwe phantse zegolide liziko ezihlolwayo kunye ulwazi womfanekiso .

Ngoko isixelela Madonna

Omnye umsebenzi akukho nemibala ngaphantsi kwaye ifuzisela inkosi wadalelwa 1920 kumzobo "1918 e Petrograd", uWele "Petrograd madonna". Le ngelaphu likwancedisa umfanekiso Tretyakov Gallery (ibekwe ngezantsi ifoto). Womzobo ngobambana ngokuvumelana sedrama kunye nokuthantamisa ezichukumisayo. Amanqaku a ye'Bolshevik oselula, ngobunono ephethe umntwana wakhe okuphela kwakhe, ezele uxolo serene kunye ubufazi kwi iinguqu ezinkulu zayisithelisa ihlabathi. Yonke into oxineneyo, kodwa sifaneleka obungunaphakade uthando lukamama kunye nobuhle.

Kwakutheni ukuze Commissioner wafa

Works of Petrov-Vodkin Moscow iye nje "Tretyakov Gallery" lizisa umfanekiso ngumzobi kwiNtetho Russian Museum eSt Petersburg. Apho, ingakumbi, oluboniswe womzobo "Ukufa Commissar", wadala ngo-1928. Umxholo wakhe - ukufa umphathi ebomvu emasimini imfazwe yamakhaya - iphuhlisa ibali ethile kwezembali laba uphawu labuna idini egameni iingcamango eziphakamileyo. Lo mfanekiso umbhali kwakhona isikakhulu sobulumko ofuna ukufaka nokubopha abonakalisa ngayo ihlabathi ephathekayo nengaphathekiyo kwindawo yokuluka.

Le canvases wegcisa ziyaxhonywa endlwini-myuziyam ka Voloshin e Koktebel, kwi Saratov Art Museum. Radishchev. Linekhathalogu ebanzi phantse 900 imisebenzi yi inkosi iyafumaneka kwi imyuziyam wegcisa kwilizwe lakhe Khvalynsk.