Lte Network - ntoni na? Mode, ubume kunye nokusebenza uthungelwano lte

Uthungelwano lte isandula ivunywe yi 3GPP. Ngokusetyenziswa kothungelwano air interface enjalo uyakwazi ukufumana iparameters nanto yokusebenza ngokubhekiselele kwiqondo eliphezulu apho data ethunyelwayo, lo engenamnini ka iipakethi ukudlulisela, kwakunye ukusebenza ecacicleyo. Ababhali bathi ukuba ukusungulwa kothungelwano lte evumela ukusetyenziswa spectrum kanomathotholo, iteknoloji multiantennuyu, ijelo nokwamkela iindlela ukuhlela dyondzisaka, re-ngumbutho relay data kunye nolawulo namandla.

prehistory

broadband Mobile, olusekelwe ipakethi ukudluliselwa data technology ngesantya esiphezulu kwi-standard HSPA, uye wamkelwa ngabantu ngokubanzi abasebenzisi eselula. Noko ke, simele siqhubeke ukwenza ukuphuculwa kweenkonzo zabo, umzekelo, usebenzisa ukunyuka isantya translation data, ukunciphisa kokulinganisa kwandiswe umthamo womnatha iyonke kwakunye neemfuno yomsebenzisi iinkonzo zonxibelelwano ezo rhoqo nokunyuka. Nale njongo, yaye yaveliswa iinkcukacha radiointrfeysov HSPA Evolution kunye lte 3GPP consortium.

Umahluko omkhulu ezivela iinguqulelo zangaphambili

inethiwekhi standard lte olwahlukileyo iimpawu kwinkqubo 3G eziphuhliswe ngaphambili oluphuculweyo, kuquka isantya esiphezulu apho ukutshintshwa kweenkcukacha - phezu megabits 300 nganye kokulibazisa transfer yepakethe yesibini akayi kudlula kwimizuzwana-10 kunye nokwanela ecacicleyo elingaphezulu kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kothungelwano lte enokwenziwa kwi iibhendi zamaza amatsha, ngokunjalo abaqhubi ezikhoyo.

Le radio imiswe njengesisombululo, apho abasebenzi ziza kuhamba ivela kwimigangatho inkqubo ezikhoyo okwangoku, i 3GPP kunye 3GPP2. A uphuhliso le yekhompyutha - oku kakhulu kulinyathelo elibalulekileyo ukuyilwa kothungelwano standard IMT-Advanced 4G, oko kukuthi isizukulwana esitsha. Enyanisweni, xa lte iinkcukacha sele iqulethe ezininzi zeempawu ezazijoliswe ekuqaleni iinkqubo 4G.

I wako zojongano radio

unxibelelwano Radio na inkalo uphawu apho sikuko yokuba umgangatho isitishi serediyo ayikho rhoqo ngexesha kunye nendawo namatyeli oxhomekeke. Apha ke kufuneka wathi parameters unxibelelwano iguquka ngokwentelekiso ngokukhawuleza ngenxa multipath andise. Ukugcina imali rhoqo of exchange ulwazi isitishi serediyo, ngokokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa inani iindlela zokunciphisa utshintsho ezinjalo, ezizezi - ubuchule ezahlukeneyo ayidlulisele abangafaniyo. Ngelo xesha kwi inkqubo yokudlulisela iipakethi abasebenzisi ulwazi akusoloko phawula ukungalingani elifutshane kwesantya bit. Lte imo network kuthatha njengoko umgaqo jikelele bunciphe ufikelelo unomathotholo, kunye nokusetyenziswa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo umgangatho isitishi serediyo ukuze ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibonelelo radio ezikhoyo ngexesha ingongoma nganye. Oku iphunyeziwe oluqukuqelayo kunye nexesha domains yi OFDM ukufikelela radio technology.

Lte device inethiwekhi

Olunjani inkqubo kungenziwa kuphela iqondwe ukuze aqonde ukuba esicwangciswe ngayo. Oku kusekelwe kwiteknoloji OFDM eqhelekileyo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ukudluliselwa kwedata phakathi subcarriers ezininzi narrowband. Ukusetyenziswa yokugqibela ngokudibene isimaphambili elibujikele likuvumela ukuba wenze uqhagamshelwano ngokusekelwe OFDM-enganyangekiyo usasazeko nezenyama parameters isitishi serediyo, kwaye ivumela phantse ukuphelisa imfuno equalizers ezintsonkothileyo ecaleni receiver le. Le meko uluncedo kakhulu ukuba umbutho umjelo ekwehleni, njengoko Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba kube lula ukusebenza yomfumani uphawu kwi-frequency engundoqo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa iindleko terminal device, namandla osetyenzisiweyo ngabo. Kwaye oku kuba kubaluleke kakhulu xa usebenzisa inethiwekhi 4G lte kunye ukudluliselwa ikwimo zezingxoxo ezininzi.

channel Uplink, apho amandla obuphumayo ungaphantsi kakhulu kunaleyo downlink idinga ukufakwa mandatory benkcazelo operation indlela transmission-eyonga ukuba iinkalo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa amandla kwisixhobo eso siwamkelayo umyalezo, ngokunjalo neendleko zayo. Uphando yakhokelela ekubeni ngoku umjelo uplink lte usebenzisa ulwazi lobugcisa frequency olunye yokusasaza uhlobo OFDM kunye kwiintsali kwemithetho echaphazelekayo obubobu Fourier ukuguqula. Loo isisombululo ivumela ratio amancinane kwinqanaba lamandla avareji kwaye eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa kwezwi emveli, leyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokwenza lula ukwakhiwa izixhobo terminal.

I-resource basic esetyenziswa ekudluliseleni ulwazi ngokungqinelana zobuchwepheshe ODFM kungaboniswa ngohlobo network ngexesha rhoqo, nto leyo lihambisana iseti yeesimboli OFDM kunye subcarriers kwi amathambeka ixesha rhoqo. Lte imo network wenza njengoko idatha ephambili element ezimbini ibloko resource lisetyenziswe apha, leyo ezihambelana yefrikhwensi 180 kHz kunye ixesha lokuphumla millisecond omnye. Uluhlu olubanzi ngezantya ukugqithisa idata zinokuphunyezwa ngokuhlanganisa izixhobo rhoqo, ucwangciso unxibelelwano parameter kuquka rate ikhowudi kwezwi umyalelo ukhetho.

iimpawu technical

Ukuba sicinga network lte, yintoni na, oko iya kucaca emva ethile ingcaciso. Ukuba zifikelele kwiithagethi eziphakamileyo ukuba ndimiselwe umoya ujongano uthungelwano, abaphuhlisi zayo waququzelela inani amanqaku kunokuba ezibalulekileyo kunye neempawu. Okulandelayo iya kuchazwa, ngasinye kuzo abe ebonisa eneenkcukacha impembelelo yazo izinto ezibalulekileyo umthamo kwindawo kwenethiwekhi, ixesha ukulibaziseka nesantya transmission data.

Nezimo ukusetyenziswa spectrum radio

Mthetho, asebenza kummandla othile kuyo, kuchaphazela indlela yonxibelelwano mobile kuza kuququzelelwa. Oko kukuthi, ukuba emiselweyo emaninzi radio elabelwe frequency ezahlukeneyo Umfuno bands unpaired okanye bafundelane ngezibini kwingingqi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba nokwenzeka - le yenye ezincedayo lte oonomathotholo, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Lte network bokwakha ivumela nje kuphela ukusebenza kumaqondo rhoqo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa iibhendi zamaza ispolzovat ukuba ububanzi ezahlukeneyo ukususela 1.25 ukuya ku-20 MHz. Ukongeza, inkqubo enjalo linokuyiqhuba intsebenziswano iibhendi zamaza ngeziBini unpaired, nokugcina ixesha namatyeli engayi ngokulandelelana.

Ukuba sithethe malunga izixhobo terminal, xa ispolzovanenii bafundelane ngezibini iibhendi zamaza unit unako ukusebenza kwimo ngokupheleleyo kabini okanye isiqingatha-kabini. Imowdi yesibini, nto leyo eyenziwa yi-terminal ukudluliselwa kunye ulwamkelo data ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye ezitsho elohlukileyo enomtsalane kuba kakhulu kunciphisa iimfuno kwiimpawu kuboniswa lokucoca kabini. Ngenxa oku kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iindleko izixhobo terminal. Ukongeza, kukho ithuba lokuba ukuqaliswa iibhendi zamaza zidityaniswe kunye izithuba engayi encinane. Kubonakala ukuba lte network unxibelelwano mobile zingenzelwa amalungiselelo phantse naluphi ukusasazwa spectrum njalo.

Ingxaki kuphela kuphuhliso zobugcisa radio, ebonelela radispektra isicelo bhetyebhetye - ukwenza isixhobo sonxibelelwano ehambelanayo. Nale njongo in technology lte laphumeza isakhiwo isakhelo efanayo kwimeko iibhendi zamaza kwingingqi ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela engayi ezahlukeneyo.

Multi-antenna losasazo data

Ukusetyenziswa multi-eriyali losasazo kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano mobile unako ukuphucula intsebenzo yabo, baze bandise ubuchule babo ngokwemiqathango ukhathalelo lwabathengi. Ngeso lenyama network lte kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa iindlela ezimbini multi-eriyali transmission: ezahlukeneyo kwaye multi-azinamsonto, njengoko ityala eyodwa edulusele ngaphandle ukuyilwa umqadi ube mnye eriyali elimxinwa. ulwazi Diversity ukuze zizakujongwa njengo indlela ukulinganisa umgangatho uphawu ovela eriyali amabini, nto leyo ithintela idiphu kwi imiyalezo-level olunzulu ezifunyenwe yi eriyali ngamnye.

Uyakwazi ukubona womnatha ngakumbi lte: yintoni kwaye isebenzisa njani zonke ezi iindlela? Indlela iyantlukwano transmission apha usekwe phezu komhlaba sokuquqa encoding iibhloko data, nto leyo esongezelelwe ixesha ezahlukeneyo eziya kwi-frequency shift kwisicelo se-eriyali ezine ngaxeshanye. Nokudlulisela iyantlukwano isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa amajelo downlink ekwabelwana apho akunakwenzeka ukuba asebenzise umsebenzi ucwangciso ngokuxhomekeke imeko ijelo lonxibelelwano. Ngaloo ukudluliselwa Diversity zingasetyenziswa ukuthumela idatha yomsebenzisi, umz, VoIP kwezithuthi. Ngenxa ngobunzulu lisezantsi noko le ezisezindleleni kumgwebela kwentloko olongezelelweyo sizibandakanya umsebenzi ucwangciso okhankanywe ngaphambili. Ngenxa iyantlukwano udlulisela le data kunokwenzeka ukwandisa kwirediyasi iiseli kunye namandla network.

transmission Multithreaded kokudlulisela ngaxeshanye inani inkcazelo aqukuqela kwesinye isitishi serediyo kukusebenzisa ezininzi ukufumana nokudlulisa eriyali abakulo terminal izixhobo kunye nothungelwano kwisiseko sesikhululo, ngokulandelelana. kakhulu oku kwandisa izinga eliphezulu data zosasazo. Umzekelo, ukuba icebo yesiphelo lixhotyiswe eriyali emine kunye nani elifumanekayo kwi kwisiseko sesikhululo, xi ri xa xiviri na ukosuleleka ngaxeshanye kwelinye isitishi serediyo ngasemanzini data ezine, ukuvumela ukuba senze izihlandlo ezine bandwidth ngakumbi.

Ukuba usebenzisa uthungelwano kunye umthwalo encinane okanye iiseli ezincinane, ngenxa multi-ustrimisho kuya kuba lula ukufumana bandwidth ngokwaneleyo eliphezulu izikhululo zeradiyo, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezixhobo zerediyo. Ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ezinkulu yaye iqondo eliphezulu ukwanda umthwalo, umgangatho siteshi akasivumeli ukuxhaphaza oko kwimo multipotoka. Kulo mzekelo, umgangatho uphawu linokuphuculwa ukuba ngaba ukusetyenziswa ezikwiimpondo ayidlulisele ezininzi ukwenza umqadi ube elimxinwa yokudlulisela data kwi owodwa.

Ukuba sicinga uthungelwano lte - kubanikela ukuba ukuphumeza ukusebenza ngendlela nangakumbi - ke kubalulekile ukuba ukugqiba ukuba umsebenzi umgangatho kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo yokusebenza, obu bugcisa uphunyeziwe okulungisekayo transmission multi-komlambo, nto leyo evumela ukuba rhoqo ukunyenyisa inani imilambo ezosulela ngaxeshanye, ngokungqinelana ezitshintsha-tshintsha wombuso link. Nge umbuso channel entle kwenziwa ngaxeshanye nokudlulisela ukuya imilambo ezine data ukuba uyakwazi ukufikelela ukudlulisela ukuya megabits 300 ngomzuzwana kwindawo bandwidth rhoqo megahertz-20.

Ukuba ngaba urhulumente isiteshi nto intle kangaka, udluliselo wenza imilambo ezimbalwa. Kule meko, i-eriyali zingasetyenziswa ukwenza ipateni umqadi emxinwa, ukunyusa umgangatho ukwamkelwa zizonke, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukwandisa umthamo wamanzi kunye nokwandiswa ndawo nkonzo. Ukuqinisekisa indawo network ebanzi okanye ukudlulisela data ngesantya esiphezulu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba nokudlulisela okukodwa data kunye umqadi emxinwa, okanye ukusebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo yedatha zishiyane.

Indlela lohlengahlengiso imihla a ijelo lonxibelelwano

Umgaqo yokusebenza kothungelwano lte icebisa ukuba ekucwangcisweni uya kuthetha ukwabiwa kwezibonelelo womnatha phakathi abasebenzisi data. Apha inika ukuhlela onamandla le downlink kunye uplink channels. kwinethiwekhi lte eRashiya kumisa ngalo mzuzu ukuze kulungiswe imijelo yonxibelelwano kunye ukusebenza ngokuncomeka kwesixokelelwano lonke.

Lte radio esibonakalayo ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi ukuhlela, kuxhomekeke imeko ijelo lonxibelelwano. Nalo ivumela utshintshiselwano data ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo kuyafikelelwa ngokusebenzisa awunandaba kweliphezulu, ukudluliselwa kolwazi olongezelelweyo nemilambo, ukunciphisa izinga yejelo ukhowudo, kwakunye nasekunciphiseni inani uphinda usasazo. Ukwenza oku kubandakanya oluqukuqelayo kunye nezibonelelo ixesha waphawulwa ngenxa yeemeko elungileyo kakhulu kunxibelelwano. Kubonakala ukuba ukudluliswa nayiphi na imali enikwa of data lwenziwa kwithuba elifutshane ixesha.

kwinethiwekhi lte eRashiya, njengoko kwamanye amazwe, ukuba yenziwe ukuze iinkonzo zezendlela, apho kuhlala ngokuthumela iipakethi kunye payloads ezincinane emva amathuba xesha, kungabangela imfuneko ukwandisa umthamo zokubonisa izithuthi elifunekayo ukuze ukuhlela olutshintshayo. Kusenokwenzeka nokuba idlule ubungakanani inkcazelo ethunyelwe ngumsebenzisi. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho into enje njenge ekucwangcisweni kwamagxa yothungelwano lte. Oko kukuthi, kucacile, xa sithi umsebenzisi ukhetha sokuquqa resource unomathotholo yokosulela kwe inani elithile sub-lezakhelo.

Ngenxa indlela lohlengahlengiso kunokwenzeka ukuba "ukugubungela imibandela yonke into kunokwenzeka 'ukusuka lijelo kunye nokusebenza olutshintshayo. It ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe itshaneli ikhowudi scheme kwezwi ngokuhambelana noko iimeko ebonakala network yonxibelelwano lte. Oko bekuya kuba uqondakale xa sithi ukuba umsebenzi wakhe ichaphazela isantya usasazo data, kwakunye okuba umjelo naziphi na iimpazamo.

Amandla kwi uplink kunye nokulawulwa

Lo mba uphathelene ulawulo kwinqanaba samandla yemisebe yi iiclamps, ukwandisa umthamo womnatha, ukuphucula umgangatho wonxibelelwano, ukuze coverage indawo ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ezi njongo, iindlela zokulawula amandla badla bawandise kwinqanaba luncedo yomqondiso ngegalelo lo gama kuncitshiswa uphazamiseko.

network lte "Beeline" kunye nezinye iingxelo zibonisa ukuba iziganeko kwi uplink zizinto orthogonal, oko kukuthi phakathi kwabasebenzisi esiseleni efanayo kufanele kungabikho ukuphazamiseka efanayo, ubuncinane, oku kusebenza kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo zonxibelelwano. Inqanaba ingxolo wadala ngabasebenzisi e iiseli ezikufutshane, kuxhomekeke apho terminal esikhupha umlilo, nguwo attenuates indlela uphawu endleleni eya kwiseli. inethiwekhi lte "megaphone" into zicwangciswe ngendlela efanayo. Kuya kuba uchanile xa usithi: ezisondeleyo esibulalayo kwi iseli ekufutshane, kungona kwinqanaba ingxolo, leyo kudala kuwo. Ngekhompyutha, ezo kude kakhulu ukusuka kwiseli ekufutshane basenokugqithisela imiyalezo ngamandla kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne ezinjengeetheminali akhiwe ngayo kufutshane.

Ngenxa orthogonality lwemiqondiso kwi uplink ukuze multiplexed imiyalezo evela ezinjengeetheminali amandla ezahlukeneyo kwisiteshi enye kwiseli enye. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba ukubuyisela Ungqabhuko uphawu ezivela ngenxa multipath andise amaza erediyo, kwaye ke zinokusetyenziswa ukwandisa izinga usasazo data usebenzisa iindlela zokudlulisela nezokwamkela kunye ukuthuma amajelo onxibelelwano.

data kudluliswa

Phantse nayiphi na inkqubo yonxibelelwano, kunye nee-LTE amanethiwekhi e-Ukraine azinjalo, ngezikhathi ezithile wenza amaphutha kwinkqubo yokudluliswa kwedatha, umzekelo, ngenxa yokugqithisa uphawu, isandi okanye isandi. Iphuso lokukhusela linikezelwa ngeendlela zokubuyiswa kwakhona kwezinto ezilahlekileyo okanye eziphosakeleyo zolwazi ezijoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukubonelelwa kweenkonzo eziphezulu zezonxibelelwano. Imithombo yomsakazo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi xa ulandelelwano lweedatha lenkqubo luhlelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-high-speed interface, iteknoloji ye-LTE ine-dynamically effective level system relay system eyenzisa i-ARQ ye-Hybrid. Ubonakaliswe ngumbutho omncinci ofunekayo ukuze unikele ingxelo kwaye uphinde uthumele idatha, yongezwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokuphindaphinda ukhetho lwezinga eliphezulu lokuthembeka.

I-protocol ye-HARQ inikeza idilesi yokufumana ngolwazi olubanzi, olwenza lukwazi ukulungisa nayiphina impazamo. I-HARQ idlulisela iziphumo kwisizukulwana solwazi olongezelelweyo nolwazi olufunekayo, xa kulungele ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwanele ukuphelisa amaphutha. Ukubuyiswa kweepakethi ezingazange zilandelwe ngu-HARQ protocol kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-ARQ protocol. Amanethiwekhi aseLTE kwimisebenzi ye-iPhone ngokuhambelana nemigaqo engentla.

Isisombululo sivumela ukuqinisekiswa kokubambezeleka kokusasazwa kweepakethi ngeendleko ezisezantsi, kunye nokuthembeka koqhagamshelwano kuqinisekisiwe. I-protocol ye-HARQ yenza kube lula ukufumanisa nokulungisa ezininzi iimpazamo, ezikhokelela ekusebenziseni okungaqhelekanga kwe-ARQ protocol, kuba oku kubandakanya ubuninzi be-overhead, kwakunye nokunyuka kwexesha lokulibazisa ukuguqulelwa kwepakethe.

Isikhululo sesiseko sisisombululo sokugcina esisekela zombini kwezi protocols, ukunika unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwamanqanaba emigaqo emibili. Phakathi kweendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokwakha ezo zakhiwo yisantya esiphezulu sokuchithwa kwempazamo, esasemva kokusebenza kwe-HARQ, kunye nenani elishintshayo yolwazi oludluliselwayo usebenzisa i-ARQ protocol.

I-interface ye-LTE ye-air ine-high performance ngenxa yezinto zayo eziphambili. Ukuguquguquka kwemimoya yokusebenzisa i-radio spectrum kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa le ntanethi yesikhokelo kunoma yimuphi umthombo wolwazi okhoyo. I-teknoloji yeLTE inikezela ngemisebenzi emininzi ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweemeko zokunxibelelanisa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yeshaneli, umsebenzi wokuthumela unika izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kubasebenzisi. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-antenna bukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukugqithiswa kwesiginali, kwaye ngoncedo lweendlela zokulungelelanisa izitishi ezinokwenzeka ukuba zisebenzise iindlela zokwenza ikhowudi kunye nokumodareyithwa komqondiso, oqinisekisa ukulungiswa komgangatho ogqithisiweyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile.