Zhan Rasin: engobomi, ubuchule, yokubhalwa

Zhan Rasin, ogama baziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi imisebenzi - ekuchubekeni odumileyo French, owayehlala yaye esebenza ngenkulungwane ye-17. umsebenzi wakhe aphawula ekuqaleni yamandulo National Theatre kwaye ufanelwe intlonipho efanayo ekudalweni Molière kunye Corneille. Ngobomi kunye nemisebenzi yalo mbhali iya kunikezelwa kwinqaku lethu.

Zhan Rasin: ibhayografi emfutshane

Jean Racine wazalwa e La Ferte-Milon, ibekwe okwilizwe Valois, ngoDisemba 21, 1639. Uyise waba negosa kwinkonzo yerhafu. Umama wakhe wafa kakhulu ukuzalwa udade uJean, ngoko ukhulisa uninakhulu nkwenkwe wayesebenza.

Umbhali elizayo kuthunyelwa kwisikolo e Port-Ruyal eMonastri, apho ngokukhawuleza isiba umfundi ilungileyo. Zhan Rasin wafunda kakuhle, ukongeza, waba nethamsanqa kunye umfundisi philology, ngubani wancedisa ukwenza ezithandwa zoncwadi lenkwenkwe. Umbhali ezigqityiweyo imfundo yakhe brilliant sele eParis College of Harcourt.

Ngowe-1661 Racine ithunyelwe kwidolophu Uzes, apho kwakufuneka ukunika yabefundisi benefice (umhlaba), esizokwenza ukuba anikele lonke ixesha lakhe walichitha uncwadi. Noko ke, umbhali wala kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele Paris.

Kwikomkhulu, waba rhoqo zokuzilungisa zoncwadi neentonga, wadibana Moliere kunye nabanye ababhali ixesha. Ngokwakhe Zhan Rasin (ogama ngoku ugqaliselo ingqalelo yethu biography) ipapashe imidlalo yakhe yokuqala, leyo, Noko ke, akazange abe nempumelelo enkulu.

imisebenzi Okuninzi lwakutsha nje bazise umbhali yimpumelelo yokwenene. Noko ke, abahlalutyi abaninzi baye imbeko umsebenzi Racine, ngenxa yobuchule bendalo. UJean wayekufuna, udikwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye nekratshi.

Ngowe-1677, oko phantse liyayeka ukuba ukubhala ngenxa yokusilela "Phaedra" kwaye iba umabhalana. Ngeli xesha watshata intombi zonqulo noqoqosho lowo kwixesha elizayo uya kumnika abantwana abasixhenxe.

Zhan Rasin wafa ngoAprili 21, 1699 eParis. Waza ke wangcwatywa kufuphi ibandla Saint-Etienne-du-Mont.

"Andromache"

Le ntlekele kudlalwa 1667 kwi Louvre. Ngomhla imbonakaliso langoku uLouis XIV. Yaba umdlalo wokuqala, Racine wazisa impumelelo nodumo.

izenzo Product kwenzeka emva kaTrojan, xa ikomkhulu Epirus. UKumkani, nguSopatro, unyana Achilles, wamkela yocingo amaGrike kukhubeka ngehambo kayise, ngubani ukhusela Andromache, umhlolokazi ka-Hector, nonyana. Report unika Orestes, uthando kunye umtshakazi Pierre. Lokumkani unomdla kakhulu lusizi indoda yakhe Anromaha. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu iqala ukufa usapho olawulayo kunye norhulumente.

Ibhekisela ibali odidi yamaGrike, phantse ngaphandle lemka uluhlu iinkxwaleko zamandulo zamaGrike, Zhan Rasin.

Quotes, okubonisa kakhulu ngokucacileyo kwisiqwenga umdlalo, esilishumayelayo apha: "Ngena kwi entliziyweni, apho bonke ayitshixwanga-kwi / enviably ayikwazi ukwamkela nefuna", "... uthando lisiyalela / Ke Kindle ... kwaye extinguishes amadangatye, kunokutshiseka. / Abafuna ukuba unqwenela ukuba ... hayi nice. / Kwaye abo bafunga ... intliziyo izele. "

"Britannic"

Kule umdlalo, wazibeka 1669, Zhan Rasin okokuqala emsebenzini wakhe ibhekisa kwimbali eRoma yamandulo.

UAgrippina, unina kaNero, unexhala ukuba nokulahlekelwa igunya phezu unyana wakhe. Ngoku ayisekho uyawaphulaphula icebiso uSeneca kunye Burr alimwi. Umfazi woyika ukuba uNero bangavuki ubugqwetha nenkohlakalo - lilifa eyoyikekayo kayise.

Kwangaxeshanye, imiyalelo uNero ukuba thumba noYuniya, umtshakazi umzalwana wakhe Britannicus. Intombazana efana umlawuli, yaye uqalisa ukuba bacinge malunga umtshato nomfazi wakhe eludlolo octavia. Britannica Ayikholeleki umzalwana ubuqili amathemba ukuxolelana. Oku uyalibulala nkwenkwe.

"Berenice"

Kule umdlalo kwakhona ibongoza umxholo engumRoma Zhan Rasin. Ukudalwa ngeli xesha ingqalelo kakhulu ebalaseleyo, kunye nentlekele "Berenice" ngomnye wabo imisebenzi uluntu yathakazelelwa olukhulu.

UMlawuli waseRoma Titus elungiselela lomtshato kunye Berenice, uKumkanikazi of Palestine. Ngelo xesha eRoma na ukumkani Kommageny Antioh, ngubani kukade icangcisiwe, uthando kunye ukumkanikazi. Ngenxa yokuba umtshato ezizayo, ukuba kukushiya kwikomkhulu. Berenice i Kulusizi ukuba alahlekelwe umhlobo wenene, koko injongo kukunika ithemba ngakumbi ngaye, akakwazi.

Ngelo xesha uTito ucinga ukuba abantu baseRoma ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuba nxamnye ukumkanikazi nabaphambukeli, "i Sam Julius (Caesar) ... nenkosikazi yakhe abakwazanga umYiputa ayikho ...." I koMlawuli akakwazi sizivume ngale mtshakazi wacela uAntiochus ukumthabatha kude. Lwetyala mkhulu uthando ebantwini.

"Iphigenia"

Ngokuba lo umdlalo, leyo yadlalwa ngo-1674, Zhan Rasin wathabatha ibali kwiintsomi zamaGrike. Ibali isixelela indlela ukumkani Agamemnon ngexesha kaTrojan kukuphumelela ukusekelwa yesithixokazi uArtemis, kwafuneka ukuba yakhe, ukuza kubingelela intombi yakhe.

Le piece kwaba ngathi akambonanga abagxeki - kwakungekho ulangazelelo okanye ukubuyekezwa azamkelekanga.

"Phaedra"

Le ntlekele iye yafunyanwa kakubi kakhulu luluntu: abagxeki ebizwa imveliso lokubhala Racine embi. Emva kokuba i- "Phaedra" (1677), umbhali uyayeka ukuba abandakanyeke uncwadi. kweminyaka elishumi emva koko ukungaphumeleli, akazange abhale nto. Nangona kamva yaba umdlalo obizwa phezulu creative Racine.

Le ntlekele iye yabhalwa Alexandria. Sisiseko icebo angathabatheki ezingabuyekezekiyo ka Phaedra, umfazi Theseus, unyana wakhe esamkelwa nguHippolytus. Isiphumo ungquzulwano uba ukufa ezifana Phaedra kunye nguHippolytus.

Udlala of Racine, eyakhelwe kwimixholo classical, ephawulwe sisiqalo trend lonke, kungekuphela eFransi kodwa kule ncwadi ehlabathini. Nanamhla oku umsebenzi ekuchubekeni noku kuphela abagxeki, kodwa luluntu.