Zeziphi izizathu kulwimi Russian? Izihlomelo indawo, ixesha kunye ithe. Indlela ukubhala izalathandawo

Yintoni ibhaxa unako ukuphendula nayiphi na umfundi, inxalenye yokuthetha, abantwana baqala ukufunda kwibakala yesibini, yaye yintoni na ke pretexts bafunda kulo kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Noko ke, kwincoko baqalise ukusebenzisa ukusuka ngamabinzana yokuqala, kuba ukuvumela ukuba ukwakha ubuhlobo yamagama enye kwenye ukwenzela ukuba ingxelo eyenziwe ingqiqo yaye idini. Nangona izaba - kuba yinxalenye akaguquki, nto leyo esebenza njengelungu kwisivakalisi, kodwa kunokunxulunyaniswa kuphela nalawo iingxelo kakuhle ibunjwe-bobukho bayo kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ibekwe kakuhle le ntetho kufuneka nje ukwazi ukuba yintoni na izizathu, nangendlela oku kunempembelelo ngayo ekupheleni amazwi, ezi zinto zinxulumene, kwaye ukuba mawuzisebenzise njani. Ngapha koko, le intwana encinane Ulobumba izixhomekeki kwisemantiki kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamagama. Le nkcazelo yegama namkhusane ulwimi wobuntu Russian uya into efana nale: kuya kuba yinxalenye engaguquki ngentetho, apho ilizwi esemthethweni, ukungeniswa ngokusesikweni kweefom kwimeko amagama elinye igama, wayevakalisa sengqondo ukuya izifundo malunga ngezenzo zabo.

nemisebenzi esisiseko

Njengawo onke amazwi umsebenzi, izalathandawo azisetyenziselwa ngokwabo, ukuba basoloko ezinxulumene sisibizo okanye elinye igama usebenziswe ngalendlela eyenza kube nzima ukuba ukuchaza le nto njengenxalenye zentetho, kodwa phakathi inani labo. Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokuba kukho isizathu ukufumanisa shades antonymous kwaye isithethantonye kunye izibini, ukuvumela nje ngokwaneleyo ukukhetha udibaniso ilungelo amazwi ukuchaza.

Umzekelo: esikolweni - ukuphuma kwesikolo; phambi kokuba isifundo - emva kokuba isifundo; kwi umyezo - umyezo - kufuphi umyezo; ngenxa yokungakhathali - ngenxa ukungakhathali.

Zeziphi izizathu

Zonke izalathandawo zahlulwe zezomzuzwana, spatial, imbangela kunye target. Ezinye zazo ezakusetyenziswa izibizo nominative, ngoxa abanye zisetyenziswa kunye amagama kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:

• ukuba umhlobo wakhe; kuba esikolweni - D. n (kubani ntoni?) .;
• enkosi umhlobo, wabulela esikolweni - D. n (sibulela kuye ekwenziweni?) .;
• ngentsimbi yesixhenxe - VP (yintoni?).
• kwi park - (? ntoni) P. n ..

Lo mzekelo ubonisa ukuba isimelabizo "kwi" ingasetyenziswa ngamazwi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zihlomelo njengokuba, malunga, ukusukela, ngenxa, yi, kwi, phezu, ngaphandle, anokuba isixa esikhulu zexabiso. In Russian zibizwa izalathandawo non-esukela.

Ukuba isalathandawo wabumba iindawo ezizimeleyo zentetho kwaye zisetyenziswa omnye kuphela kunjalo, oko kuthiwa yemvelaphi. Umzekelo:

- endlini, ifom eyintsusa isimelabizo - sisihlomelo ngeenxa zonke;

- kangangeyure, indlela isalathandawo - isibizo ngenxa esetyenziswa yi isimelabizo "kwi";

- ngoncedo, ifom eyintsusa isimelabizo - gerund.

umahluko zezakhiwo

Kunye zonke iiyantlukwano izalathandawo Russian nako kwabelwana nasekumeni zabo. ezizezi:

• Simple, equka igama elinye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lowo-anababini-yegama. Non-uvumelane yaye ezinye nezakhi kwezalathandawo: e, e, zibe, ngaphantsi, ngaphezulu.
• Unzima okanye ngezibini, enyanisweni, luhlobo kwezalathandawo ezilula; ngokuba, aphume kolunye.
• Izakhi imixube Izithetha ntonye-case: kwimeko ecaleni, ngokuyinxenye, malunga, kuxhomekeke njalo njalo.

utsotsi enenjongo

Njengesizathu nje ingxenye kokuxhuma, imilinganiselo zabo, akanako, kodwa nje ichaza ubudlelwane zegrama phakathi izibizo, ukusetyenziswa kwezi meko elibhalwe ngokumileyo, yaye ngamanye amazwi. Ngamanye amazwi, oku kuxhomekeke intsingiselo lungelelanisa yeli gama apho iqhotyoshelwe, kodwa angadlulisela iintlobo nemibala ngokunxulumene izibaluli amazwi omnye komnye.

Zonke izizathu zolwimi Russian zahlulwe zigaba:

• Okanye izalathandawo iindawo ndawo: e, e, ukuba, ukususela, phakathi, phantsi, aphume, ngeenxa zonke, phambi, ngeenxa zonke, ngeenxa zonke. Umzekelo: Siphila phakathi komzi; Isebenza efektri; abalekayo ejikeleza indlu.

• Okwethutyana okanye izalathandawo ixesha: phambi, emva, kwi, phezu, ukuba, kunye, phambi, ngexesha. Umzekelo: xa kangangesiqingatha seyure; sibaleka kusasa; hamba phambi lokulala.

• Isizathu: yi, ngokuba, ukusuka isiphumo embi, wabulela, maxa wambi, ngenxa, ngenxa yoko. Umzekelo: ihlazo ezitum; Wayaphula ivazi ububi; impazamo ukungakhathali.

• Izalathandawo, ebonisa injongo; kuba, ukuba, xa, kunye nabanye. Umzekelo: ndithi a joke; intetho kwi sihlandlo; ukuya ku iholide.

• Into, ukuchaza kwaye makabonise amanyathelo oko isifundo ngqo: ngayo, malunga, kunye, malunga, malunga, phezu kwezinye. Umzekelo: ukuba aphose intombi yakhe; ukufunda ngayo amanqaku.

• Izalathandawo ezibonisa ikhondo amanyathelo: a, e, ngaphandle, ze. Umzekelo: ukuba ukudlala ngenkoliseko; sihleke phezulu.

Classification yezabelo izalathandawo

Kuxhomekeka izigaba zentetho, oluthi luqokelelane izaba bahlukene zigaba. Ngaphezu koko, zithini izizathu eziye zenzeka kwi kwezinye izigaba zentetho, kwikharityhulam yesikolo unikwa ezininzi iiyure, kwaye kufanele kunjalo, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lolwalamano babe nako ukwenza amagama, kwaye uwasebenzise kwintetho kunye ngokubhaliweyo ngayo.

• izalathandawo izibaluli. Wabumba nezandiso bonisa kaninzi ngakumbi ubudlelwane kunye temporal lwendawo kwamagama kwisivakalisi. Ezi izizathu kufutshane, endaweni, kunye, ngeenxa zonke, ngasemva, kuyo, ngaphezulu, phakathi kwabanye.
• izalathandawo Denominative. Ifom yentsusa - njengesibizo na kunjalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ukuvakalisa izalathandawo izibaluli kunye nobudlelwane into: yoko, ezifana, kwicala xa ukuqhubeka ingqalelo ubuncinane iinxalenye.
• izalathandawo ngomlomo wabumba kwezo fom kwezenzi, ento kwaye bavakalise ubudlelwane ezahlukeneyo izibaluli: ukuphelisa, wabulela, nangona, nangona kamva nabanye.

izalathandawo upelo

Ulwazi malunga ezi izaba kanye njengokuba ezibalulekileyo zopelo zabo. Ngoko ke, omnye izihloko eziphambili zale kharityhulam ezinxulumene izalathandawo, izenzo nopelo. Umthetho yokuqala, apho abantwana bafunda, ithi: "Le izalathandawo namanye amagama abhaliweyo ngokwahlukeneyo." Ukuze ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi esemthethweni, phakathi kungokunyhwalaza, kunye nelizwi ezinxulumene Unokuyifaka umbuzo okanye isongezelelo.

Umzekelo: on (Than?) Elwandle okanye (Black) Sea.

Kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, abantwana bafumana pretexts uvumelane, wabumba izihlomelo. Kwaye ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyenziwa lo inxalenye isihlomelo isigwebo okanye ibhaxa. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukufumanisa ukuba kukho isivakalisi njengesibizo ityala elibhalwe ngokumileyo , nendlela esinceda ngayo inxalenye impikiswano.

Ngokomzekelo: ukhangele jikelele (isihlomelo) okanye ukhangele jikelele ngokwayo (isimelabizo).

Kukho umgaqo: "Ukuze uqinisekise ukuba igama kwisivakalisi yi namkhusane kunokuba enye inxalenye intetho, kufuneka indawo, eqamba nye. Kulo mzekelo, intsingiselo akaguquguquki. " Nalu uluhlu kwezalathandawo abangabancedani interchangeable:

• umbono (ngenxa yokuba, ngesizathu);
• hlobo (njenge);
• ngayo (ngayo, phezu);
• kungabangela (ngesizathu).

Umzekelo: Xa imozulu embi saya ukuba uhambe. Ngenxa yemozulu embi saya ukuba uhambe.

amanqaku

Yahlula izizathu ezinjalo ezibhaliweyo; ngokuba, ngexesha, lonke, kwisiphelo, ukuze siphephe, enyanisweni, embiza.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isibini okanye izalathandawo spliced, ezifana ngenxa, aphume, kuba phezu-order, kwi-on, nâzo kuphela ikhonco.

Umzekelo: Ukususela emva kwamafu ilanga kwaphuma. Ukusuka phantsi ikati iKhabinethi waxhuma.

Kukho kwakhona izalathandawo, leyo kufuneka ukhumbule upelo nawe nje. Ezizezi kufuphi (ngaphandle kophawu athambileyo) kwaye (kunye umqondiso ethambileyo).

Ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo kunye namatyala

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni na ezi pretexts evela izibetho, njengoko ngokufuthi kungenxa isimelabizo ziyakwazi ukuchongeka kakuhle, apho ukutya nominative le okanye elo lizwi, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu upelo oluchanekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kunye nominative kwimeko yesibizo izalathandawo hayi asetyenziswa, ngqo kuphela:

• kunye genitive - ngaphandle, ngeenxa zonke, ukuba, ukususela, ngokuthi, phakathi, kunye;
• kunye dative - k, nemibulelo koko, koko, ihlangane;
• kunye wesenzo - ngokusebenzisa, malunga, Noko ke, ngenxa, kwi, phezu, phantsi, phezu;
• kunye ablative - ngaphezulu kwenye, ngaphambili, phakathi, ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi, s;
• kunye Izithetha ntonye - owu, xa, kwi, phezu.

Le theyibhile ithatha ingqalelo yezabelo izalathandawo kunye kwezalathandawo non, nto leyo kwimeko nganye zingasetyenziswa kuphela enye okanye ngaphezulu ukufa izibizo.

endaweni yesiphelo

Enyanisweni, ukuba ukufunda ngalo mbandela kule minyaka esikolweni ngocoselelo Akukho nzima kangaka, imithetho upelo ukuyilwa kwezalathandawo kwezinye izigaba zentetho apha kakhulu kancinane. Umceli-mngeni ephambili kukuba kufuneka bafunde ukwahlula benze ezinye izinto kwaye akwazi ukusebenzisa indlela eyiyo. Ukuba oku akuyi kuphela ngobuchule ukwakha ilizwi isigwebo, kodwa kuba nako ukubhala kubo, ngaphandle kwalapho impenduka.